CN101313977B - 一种用于家畜、家禽及水产动物的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于家畜、家禽及水产动物的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种兽医用药物组合物及其制备方法。本发明所述的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂，主要是由下列重量份的原料制成：白术10-20份、党参15-25份、青蒿10-20份、诃子10-25份、石榴皮20-25份、杨树花15-20份、泽泻10-20份、蛇胆2-5份、牛胆10-20份、芦荟40-60份、冰糖25-40份、新霉素18-25份、盐酸土霉素10-16份、新诺明钠8-10份。所述的口服液增效剂能够清除血液中的毒素，消除生物体外部侵入的毒素，具有清热解毒的特性，能杀灭真菌、霉菌、细菌，抑制和消灭病原体的发育繁殖，治疗肠毒综合症。且饮水给药方便，吸收率高，分布广泛，无药物残留，无毒副作用，安全范围广。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种兽医用药物组合物及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
近年来，在我国养鸡发达地区，鸡群中普遍存在一种以腹泻、粪便中含有没有消化好的饲料或呈柿红色粪便；采食量下降、生长缓慢或体重减轻、色素沉着障碍、软脚、脱水、饲料报酬下降；同时剖检肠道内有西红柿样内容物等为特征的疾病。目前此病流行呈上升趋势，虽然死亡率不高，但造成的隐性经济损失巨大，而且被养殖户误以为是“消化不良”或误诊为小肠球虫。据有关学者调查研究表明，此病是由多病因导致的一种综合症，称为“肠毒综合症”。
肠毒综合症的主要病因有：1、小肠球虫感染：虽然该病的病因是多方面的，但小肠球虫的感染是其主要的病因之一。鸡群在20-40日龄时多发小肠球虫，主要是因为球虫在垫料和粪便中卵囊数量明显增多，导致此阶段球虫的严重感染，特别是艾美尔球虫的严重感染是导致本病危害加剧的重要原因。由于小肠球虫在肠黏膜上大量生长繁殖、导致肠黏膜增厚，严重脱落及出血等病变，几乎使饲料不能消化吸收，同时对水分的吸收也明显减少，尽管鸡大量饮水，也会引起脱水现象。2、病毒感染：许多病毒感染都可成为肠毒综合症发生的诱因之一。如呼肠弧病毒，它引起的肠炎可损害肠道吸收功能。感染呼肠弧病毒的仔鸡典型症状为发育不良、生长停滞及腹泻等，此外还有腺病毒、冠状病毒等。3、细菌感染：在小肠球虫感染的过程中，小肠球虫在肠粘膜细胞里大量繁殖，耗费大量的氧，导致小肠粘膜组织产生大量乳酸，使肠道PH值严重降低，由于肠道PH值的改变，肠道菌群发生改变，有益菌减少，有害菌大量繁殖，特别是大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌、产气夹膜杆菌等趁机大量繁殖，球虫与有害菌相互协同，加强了致病性。4、电解质大量丢失：球虫和细菌大量快速生长繁殖，导致消化不良，肠道吸收障碍，电解质吸收减少。同时，由于大量的肠粘膜细胞迅速被破坏，使电解质大量丢失，会出现生理生化障碍，特别是钾离子的大量丢失，会导致心脏的兴奋过度增加，这也是肉鸡猝死发病率明显增多的原因之一。5、毒素的影响：外来的毒素可能存在于饲料中，也可能存在于饮水及饲料的副产品成分中，如黄曲霉素。体内的毒素是指在发病过程中，大量的肠上皮细胞破裂，在细菌的作用下发生腐败分解，以及虫体死亡、崩解等产生的大量有毒物质。这些有毒物质被机体吸收后发生自体中毒，在临床上出现软脚、嗜睡、昏迷、衰竭、死亡等临床症状。6、饲料中维生素、能量和蛋白质的影响：饲料营养越丰富，发病率越高，症状也越重，而品质较低的饲料相对发病率较低。这是因为在球虫细菌的混合感染中，大量的能量、蛋白质和部分维生素促进二者大量繁殖，加重症状。
对于防治肠毒综合症，除了极积改善养殖环境外，就是在饮料中添加各种免疫添加剂。关于免疫添加剂，目前尚无十分有效的免疫防制措施，现常用的添加足够量的维生素和亚硒酸钠VE，但其预防效果十分有限而且不稳定，给防治肠毒综合症带来很大的不确定性。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种能提高家畜、家禽及水产动物的机体免疫力、抗病能力，降低肠毒综合症的感染机率和提高肠毒综合症疫苗防治效果的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂及其制备方法。
本发明所述的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂，主要是由下列重量份的原料制成：
A)白术10-20份、党参15-25份、青蒿10-20份、诃子10-25份、石榴皮20-25份、杨树花15-20份、泽泻10-20份、蛇胆2-5份、牛胆10-20份、芦荟40-60份、冰糖25-40份；
B)新霉素18-25份、盐酸土霉素10-16份、新诺明钠8-10份。
优选为：
A)白术13份、党参16份、青蒿13份、诃子13份、石榴皮21份、杨树花18份、泽泻12份、蛇胆2份、牛胆12份、芦荟45份、冰糖30份；
B)新霉素20份、盐酸土霉素15份、新诺明钠10份。
本发明所述的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量比称取各原料，备用；
(2)将A组原料加水煎煮两次，每次加水量以没过原料面为宜，合并两次煎液，过滤得滤液，浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏，加85-95％食用冰醋酸进行浸提，回收冰醋酸并浓缩，在45-50℃下干燥，制得干浸膏；
(3)将干浸膏粉碎成粉，加入B组原料，拌匀后再加入85-95％食用冰醋酸，搅匀即可。
本发明选择上述原料组合使得各成分功效产生协同作用，从而能够提高家畜、家禽及水产动物的机体免疫力、抗病能力，降低肠毒综合症的感染机率和提高肠毒综合症疫苗防治效果。
其中选用白术是因为其健脾益气，燥湿利水，止汗，安胎。选用党参是因为其补血益气，健脾益肺。选用青蒿是因为其清热解暑，除蒸，解疟。选用诃子是因为其涩肠敛肺，降火利咽。选用石榴皮是因为其涩肠止泻，止血，驱虫。选用杨树花是因为其清热解毒，化湿止泻。选用泽泻是因为其利小便，清湿热。选用蛇胆是因为其解毒、化痰止咳、清湿热、凉血解毒、消肿利喉、湿热毒斑、保肝利胆、清理内毒素，选用牛胆是因为其清热解毒、风寒感冒、清肝明目、去湿利喉、解热泻火、排毒、消肿、利胆通肠、清热生津，选用芦荟是因为其抗病毒、抗细菌、清热败毒，清肝热、抗菌杀菌，提高抗病能力、阻止病毒侵入宿主细胞、抑制其DNA及RNA的合成、抑制病毒生长繁殖而起到抗病毒的效果、解毒、提高机体免疫力，选用冰糖是因为其抗应激、提高机体免疫力、抗病能力、促进血液循环、并可以改善口感。
本发明所述的口服液增效剂能够清除血液中的毒素，消除生物体外部侵入的毒素，具有清热解毒的特性，能杀灭真菌、霉菌、细菌，抑制和消灭病原体的发育繁殖，治疗肠毒综合症。且饮水给药方便，吸收率高，分布广泛，无药物残留，无毒副作用，安全范围广。
【具体实施方式】
实施例一：本发明口服液增效剂1制备
(1)称取白术10克、党参15克、青蒿10克、诃子10克、石榴皮20克、杨树花15克、泽泻10克、蛇胆2克、牛胆10克、芦荟40克、冰糖25克。
(2)将原料加水煎煮两次，第一次加水8倍量，煎煮2小时，第二次加水6倍量，煎煮1小时，合并两次煎液，过滤得滤液，浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏，加85-95％食用冰醋酸进行浸提，回收冰醋酸并浓缩，在45-50℃下干燥，制得干浸膏15.07克；
(3)将干浸膏粉碎成粉，加入18克新霉素、10克盐酸土霉素和8克新诺明钠，搅拌均匀；
(4)加85-95％食用冰醋酸约至5000ml，搅匀即可。
实施例二：本发明口服液增效剂2制备
(1)称取白术20克、党参25克、青蒿20克、诃子25克、石榴皮25克、杨树花20克、泽泻20克、蛇胆5克、牛胆20克、芦荟60克、冰糖40克。
(2)将原料加水煎煮两次，第一次加水8倍量，煎煮2小时，第二次加水6倍量，煎煮1小时，合并两次煎液，过滤得滤液，浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏，加85-95％食用冰醋酸进行浸提，回收冰醋酸并浓缩，在45-50℃下干燥，制得干浸膏24.37克；
(3)将干浸膏粉碎成粉，加入25克新霉素、16克盐酸土霉素和10克新诺明钠，搅拌均匀；
(4)加85-95％食用冰醋酸约至7000ml，搅匀即可。
实施例三：本发明口服液增效剂3制备
(1)称取白术13克、党参16克、青蒿13克、诃子13克、石榴皮21克、杨树花18克、泽泻12克、蛇胆2克、牛胆12克、芦荟45克、冰糖30克。
(2)将原料加水煎煮两次，第一次加水8倍量，煎煮2小时，第二次加水6倍量，煎煮1小时，合并两次煎液，过滤得滤液，浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏，加85-95％食用冰醋酸进行浸提，回收冰醋酸并浓缩，在45-50℃下干燥，制得干浸膏16.75克；
(3)将干浸膏粉碎成粉，加入20克新霉素、15克盐酸土霉素和10克新诺明钠，搅拌均匀；
(4)加85-95％食用冰醋酸约至6000ml，搅匀即可。
实施例四：本发明的安全性
将1200只鸭随机分为三组，1组在每只鸭每天的日常饲料中加入100ml的本发明的口服液增效剂1，2组加入本发明的口服液增效剂2，3组加入本发明的口服液增效剂3。观察30天。
30天中1200只鸭均无异常，无精神不振或死亡现象，长势良好。说明本发明的口服液增效剂安全性能良好。
实施例五：本发明对鸡肠毒综合症的预防作用
取幼鸡120只，随机均分成四组，每组30只，1组在每天正常喂养，2组加入100ml(约浓度1％)维生素和亚硒酸钠VE免疫添加剂，3组加入100ml(约浓度1％)本发明的口服液增效剂1，4组加入100ml(约浓度1％)本发明的口服液增效剂3。
饲养1周天后，分别在四组中各加入一只患有肠毒综合症的鸡，观察各组幼鸡的生长情况。
结果见表1。结果表明，本发明的增效剂对幼鸡的肠毒综合症有明显的预防和治疗作用。
表1本发明的增效剂对鸡对肠毒综合症的防治作用
同时对1个月后健康的小鸡进行体得增长率计算，其结果见表2。结果表明，本发明的增效剂对鸡的生长有良好的促进作用。
| 实验前平均体重(g) | 1月后平均体重(g) | 增长比 | |
| 1组 | 55 | 267 | 4.85 |
| 2组 | 56 | 253 | 4.52 |
| 3组 | 55 | 295 | 5.36 |
| 4组 | 55 | 329 | 5.98 |
注：增长比＝1月后平均体重(g)/实验前平均体重(g)
实施例六：本发明增效剂对幼鸡的肠毒综合症有治疗作用
取患有肠毒综合症的幼鸡120只，随机均分成四组，每组30只，1组在每天正常喂养，2组加入200ml(浓度1％)市售肠毒综合症药物，3组加入100ml(约浓度1％)本发明的口服液增效剂1和100ml(浓度1％)市售肠毒综合症药物，4组加入100ml(约浓度1％)本发明的口服液增效剂3和100ml(浓度1％)市售肠毒综合症药物。
饲养1周后，观察各组小鸡的生长情况。
结果见表3。结果表明，本发明的药物对鸡对肠毒综合症有明显的治疗作用。
表3本发明的增效剂对鸡的肠毒综合症的治疗作用
Claims (3)
1.一种用于家畜、家禽及水产动物的肠毒综合症疫苗口服液增效剂，其特征在于它主要是由下列重量份的原料制成：
A)白术10-20份、党参15-25份、青蒿10-20份、诃子10-25份、石榴皮20-25份、杨树花15-20份、泽泻10-20份、蛇胆2-5份、牛胆10-20份、芦荟40-60份、冰糖25-40份；
B)新霉素18-25份、盐酸土霉素10-16份、新诺明钠8-10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的口服液增效剂，其特征在于原料的用量为：
A)白术13份、党参16份、青蒿13份、诃子13份、石榴皮21份、杨树花18份、泽泻12份、蛇胆2份、牛胆12份、芦荟45份、冰糖30份；
B)新霉素20份、盐酸土霉素15份、新诺明钠10份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述口服液增效剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量比称取各原料，备用；
(2)将A组原料加水煎煮两次，每次加水量以没过原料面为宜，合并两次煎液，过滤得滤液，浓缩成比重为1.35的浸膏，加85-95％食用冰醋酸进行浸提，回收冰醋酸并浓缩，在45-50℃下干燥，制得干浸膏；
(3)将干浸膏粉碎成粉，加入B组原料，拌匀后再加入85-95％食用冰醋酸，搅匀即可。
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