CN1013034B - 氨反应器 - Google Patents

氨反应器

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Publication number
CN1013034B
CN1013034B CN87108154A CN87108154A CN1013034B CN 1013034 B CN1013034 B CN 1013034B CN 87108154 A CN87108154 A CN 87108154A CN 87108154 A CN87108154 A CN 87108154A CN 1013034 B CN1013034 B CN 1013034B
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interchanger
catalyst bed
reactor
passage
gas
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CN87108154A
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CN87108154A (zh
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弗里德·纳斯特
汉斯·约亚奇姆·赫伯特
海茵茨·格拉夫
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Uhde GmbH
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Publication of CN87108154A publication Critical patent/CN87108154A/zh
Publication of CN1013034B publication Critical patent/CN1013034B/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194—Tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明设备设计成NH3反应器，其中主要包括内有至少两台换热器串接并同轴置于催化剂床中的压力容器。本发明目的是设计一种简单的结构以使其可借助循环气流或工艺气体优化容器壁的冷却效果和所说气体的预热效果并改进容器内的气体流程，容器内最好设置两台以上的催化剂床。本发明目的是这样来达到的，即给第二台换热器8的通道16设置横截径向和/或底部入口17以使至少一部分循环气流能够从压力容器2的顶部导入并冷却壳体。

Description

本发明涉及氨反应器，其中主要包括其内部装有至少两台换热器的压力容器，所说换热器轴向即同轴置于每一催化剂床内。
已知用于完成催化气相放热反应如氨和甲醇合成反应的各种反应器构型。
这些设备一般都有一压力容器，如果可能的话，器壁不应置于高温下。已建议使整个器壁达到均匀低温。
例如本发明申请人的专利3343114说明了其中设置两层催化剂床的反应器，其中工艺气体从底部进入反应器，在壳体内上升，旁路通过内部催化剂床，然后向下流过换热器并最终通过第一催化剂床。
至于反应器壳体的冷却，DE-OS3146778说明了一种类似的结构，其中工艺气体入口位于底部。气体在壳体内上升，然后在同轴下降管中降落并流过第一换热器。所说容器中也于常规壳体内设置两层催化剂床。这同样见于第2710247号专利，其中说明了以下结构：合成气从容器顶部导入，气体向下流并冷却容器壁。采用的也是两层催化剂床，冷合成气又从底部回流入换热器，然后穿过第一催化剂床。
本发明的目的是设计一种简单的构型，这种构型可优化容器内的工艺气流，从而改进气体预热并保证使容器壁的冷却效果得到优化。这种容器的结构特点是设置两层以上的催化剂床。
本发明的目的是这样来达到的，即给第二台换热器的通道设置横截径向和/或底部入口管，所说入口管的设置应分配至少一部分循环气体 用于壳体冷却。
所谓的“第一台换热器”，“第二台换热器”以及“第一，定二，第三层催化剂床”意指立式压力容器中的上部（第一）换热器及其周围的（第一）催化剂床，下接的（第二）换热器及其相应的（第二）催化剂床等。当然也可将第一和第二换热器连起来而形成单一的整体换热器。
本发明提出的是相当简单的构型，由于一部分壳体冷却气流从容器顶部导入并在容器内降落，从而部分冷却容器壁，所以可将气体从横向或底部入口导入第二台换热器的通道，所说换热器的结构相当简单。
根据本发明的一种实施方案，反应器中轴向依次设置三层催化剂床。循环气体用于冷却整个壳体，然后从第三层催化剂床下设置的集气室向上流经同轴提升管而进入第二换热器的通道。
这种构型可借助循环气体加热同轴提升管，如有必要，所有提升管可穿过第三层催化剂。根据另一种实施方案，置入第一层催化剂床的第一台换热器中装有用以导入调温气体的提升管，所说提升管与第一台换热器的通道连通。而且所说换热器下的通道充当循环气体和调温气体的混合室。
根据本发明的又一种实施方案，设备中于上部和下部设有对壳体进行冷却的一部分循环气流的入口管，部分冷却气流还通过径向入口导入第二台换热器的通道。在这种情况下，可将部分循环气流或工艺气体导入压力容器（从顶部和底部导入）并以不同的气流对壳体进行冷却。这种结构的特点是可以控制此工艺流程中催化剂床的不同阶段进行辐射的具体热量，所说热量可被不同的冷却气流散发掉。
用下图表明本发明的构型：
图1：本发明设备的截面图（示意图）
图2：图1设备的改型结构
上述图中的设备1主要包括压力容器2，其中设有三层催化剂床并使其与中心线3同轴布置。上部（第一）催化剂床标为4，中部（第二）催化剂床标为5，而下部（第三）催化剂床标为6。
第一台换热器7置于第一催化剂床4中，第二台换热器8置于第二催化剂床5中，两层换热器相互串接。催化剂和换热器均置于壳体9中，该壳体的尺寸应能使其外侧和反应器壁内侧2之间从顶部至底部形成环形空间10。
进料装置的进气管11和工艺气体导入管12设在上部。在图1的情况下，调温气体导入管13位于类似高度范围。所说气体流经置于设备1中央的下降管14并经过换热器7之后进入通道15。
第二台换热器8也设有通道16，其中如图1所示经下部入口17充入气体。设备出口管标为18。
以下说明工艺流程。
工艺气体或合成气体经入口管12进入设备1并流经反应器壁2和内设换热器的催化剂床壳体9之间的环形空间10。壳体冷却气体在第三催化剂床以下的集气室19内集中后流经提升管17而进入第二换热器8的通道16中。
应加以说明的是换热器是根据相应催化剂床进行编号的。
循环气然后离开换热器8而进入第一台换热器的通道15，所说通道与调温气体下降管14连通。通道15为混合室。
工艺气体经过第二台换热器8之后即穿过第一催化剂床4和第一换热器7，即后者处于逆流气流中，在此处将过量热散发出去。这也适合第二催化剂床5和第二换热器8。工艺气体最后穿过第三催化剂床并与入口管17成逆流流经出口管18而离开设备1。
图2示出了略加改型的结构，其改变之处如下所述。图2的设备 1a中装有第二入口管12b以将部分循环气体导入壳体。（导入其它工艺气流的上部入口管标为12a）。在这种情况下，第二换热器8a的通道16a经过径向入口17a而充入从壳体上部降落和从壳体下部上升的气体。其后的工艺流程类似于图1所示。
当然还可在保持基本构型的情况下对上述结构型式进行改型。因此，设备中不必仅有三层催化剂床，即还可分成四层，其中三层中装设换热器等。根据本发明，反应器还可仅用换热器8和催化剂床5和6进行操作。这方面首要的是至少一部分工艺气体经提升管和/或经径向入口而导入。

Claims (2)

1、氨反应器，其中主要包括内有至少两台换热器串接并同轴置于催化剂床中的压力容器，
其特征在于，
给第二台换热器(8)的通道(16)设置横截径向和/或底部入口管(17)以使至少一部分循环气流能够从压力容器(2)的顶部导入并对壳体进行冷却，反应器(1)中轴向依次设置三层催化剂床(4-6)，提供壳体冷却循环气流流通的环形空间(10)，在第三层催化剂床(6)下设置集气室(19)并使同轴提升管(17)与第二台换热器(8)的通道(16)连通，置入第一层催化剂床(4)的第一台换热器(7)中装有用以导入调温气体的内设同轴管(14)，该管与位于第一台换热器(7)下方而充当循环气体和调温气体的混合室的通道(15)连通。
2、氨反应器，其中主要包括内有至少两台换热器串接并同轴置于催化剂床中的压力容器，
其特征在于，
反应器（1）中于上部和下部设有对壳体进行冷却的一部分循环气流的入口管（12a，12b），还提供径向入口（17a）以将部分壳体冷却气流导入第二台换热器（8a）的通道（16a）中。
CN87108154A 1986-12-20 1987-12-19 氨反应器 Expired CN1013034B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3643726.3 1986-12-20
DE19863643726 DE3643726A1 (de) 1986-12-20 1986-12-20 Vorrichtung als nh(pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts)-reaktor

Publications (2)

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CN87108154A CN87108154A (zh) 1988-10-19
CN1013034B true CN1013034B (zh) 1991-07-03

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CN87108154A Expired CN1013034B (zh) 1986-12-20 1987-12-19 氨反应器

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EP (1) EP0272448B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS63190707A (zh)
CN (1) CN1013034B (zh)
AT (1) ATE62646T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU592245B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1287481C (zh)
DE (2) DE3643726A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK165404C (zh)
ES (1) ES2021683B3 (zh)
FI (1) FI875282A (zh)
MY (1) MY102724A (zh)
NO (1) NO874935L (zh)
ZA (1) ZA878825B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1107028C (zh) * 1997-04-21 2003-04-30 赫多特普索化工设备公司 制备氨的方法和反应器
CN101703910B (zh) * 2009-08-20 2012-10-17 上海国际化建工程咨询公司 换热器内置冷壁式变换反应器及变换反应器与下游换热设备的直连结构

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374564B1 (en) * 1988-12-21 1993-04-14 Ammonia Casale S.A. Improvements to reactors for heterogeneous synthesis
US7435401B2 (en) * 2004-07-02 2008-10-14 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Pseudoisothermal ammonia process
EP2759338A1 (en) 2013-01-29 2014-07-30 Ammonia Casale S.A. Adiabatic multi-bed catalytic converter with inter-bed cooling
GB201401518D0 (en) * 2014-01-29 2014-03-12 Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Ltd Apparatus & process
DE102014209636A1 (de) 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Thyssenkrupp Ag Reaktor mit vertikal beweglicher Gassperre
DE102016107124A1 (de) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 Thyssenkrupp Ag NH3 Synthesekonfiguration für Großanlagen
CN108057399B (zh) * 2018-01-19 2024-06-04 湖南安淳高新技术有限公司 一种氨合成反应器及氨合成工艺

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1574723A (en) * 1976-03-10 1980-09-10 Haldor Topsoe As Apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia
US4341737A (en) * 1979-05-22 1982-07-27 The Lummus Company Apparatus for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions
IT1141102B (it) * 1980-11-28 1986-10-01 Ammonia Casale Sa Reattore assiale-radiale per sintesi eterogenee
CH646618A5 (it) * 1981-03-26 1984-12-14 Ammonia Casale Sa Reattore per sintesi eterogenee catalitiche.
DE3343114C2 (de) * 1983-11-29 1985-11-07 Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Vorrichtung zur Durchführung exothermer, katalytischer Gasreaktionen für die Ammoniak- oder Methanol-Synthese
CH666198A5 (it) * 1985-09-13 1988-07-15 Ammonia Casale Sa Reattore per sintesi catalitiche dell'ammoniaca, metanolo ed alcoli superiori.
US4696799A (en) * 1986-07-15 1987-09-29 The M. W. Kellogg Company Ammonia synthesis converter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1107028C (zh) * 1997-04-21 2003-04-30 赫多特普索化工设备公司 制备氨的方法和反应器
CN101703910B (zh) * 2009-08-20 2012-10-17 上海国际化建工程咨询公司 换热器内置冷壁式变换反应器及变换反应器与下游换热设备的直连结构

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DE3643726A1 (de) 1988-06-30
EP0272448A3 (en) 1988-10-05
FI875282A (fi) 1988-06-21
CA1287481C (en) 1991-08-13
FI875282A0 (fi) 1987-11-30
JPS63190707A (ja) 1988-08-08
CN87108154A (zh) 1988-10-19
ZA878825B (en) 1988-05-20
NO874935L (no) 1988-06-21
MY102724A (en) 1992-09-30
ES2021683B3 (es) 1991-11-16
AU8241587A (en) 1988-06-23
DK612387A (da) 1988-06-21
EP0272448A2 (de) 1988-06-29
DK165404B (da) 1992-11-23
DK165404C (da) 1993-04-05
NO874935D0 (no) 1987-11-26
DE3769449D1 (de) 1991-05-23
DK612387D0 (da) 1987-11-20
EP0272448B1 (de) 1991-04-17
AU592245B2 (en) 1990-01-04
ATE62646T1 (de) 1991-05-15

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