CN101287873B - 废水发电系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种环保发电系统，其由在相对端处连接至用于将废水从进给管线输送到生活污水处理站的大型污水管的引水管组成。通过泵送设备推进污废水通过污水管线，该泵送设备同时还粉碎废水中带有的大多数大块物。废水通过控制闸门被分流进入引水管，在那里废水流经并运转一个或多个水力操作的涡轮。涡轮可工作地连接至发电机以发电并经输电系统配电。根据污水管的尺寸、流经污水管的液量以及涡轮和发电设备，可发电而不影响环境或生态，并且也不使用矿物燃料。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及一种改进的发电系统，该发电系统利用污废水作为运转涡轮的能源，再由该涡轮驱动发电机发电。
使用矿物或非矿物燃料的常规发电系统对环境有不利影响。例如，使用矿物燃料，诸如煤或油的发电系统会产生污染大气的残余物。这些污染物是由于燃烧矿物燃料产热生成水蒸气以运转涡轮来驱动发电机而引起的。使用原子能产生水蒸气的其它发电系统导致辐射问题以及消耗的辐射性燃料处置的问题。水力发电系统需要昂贵且复杂的建筑，诸如拦截江河的水坝、贮水塘或贮水湖，这些建筑不利地影响了环境。需要大量风车的风电系统因为需要大的面积以及持续的风而在许多地方是不切实际的。而且它们也不美观的。总体上，它们局限于具有充足且持续风速和风力的地区。因此，人们已经致力于研发消除或者最小化对环境干扰以及无需或者最小化与常规发电系统相关的高成本和生态问题的发电系统。
在此所述的发明关于使用高污染区域存在的污废液(sewer waste liquid)流持续地提供“燃料”或者能源以运转发电机。通常在大城市或者郊区，排放自住宅、商业楼和其它建筑的污废水(sewage water waste)最初经进给污水管输送。这些进给管最终排出到主要的或者大的污水管线中。这些管线通常将废液输运至处理厂或者其它的处置站。通常，所有这些管子及管线是埋入式的，使之不被看见。
在相对大的城镇以及人口稠密的郊区，废污水的排放流在一天的大多数时间基本上是持续的。因此，每天在大的干线或者拦截污水管线中存在相当恒定的液流。所以，本发明考虑在处理和最终处置污水之前利用废水流来运转涡轮或者水轮。当需要电时那些液力涡轮或者水轮驱动发电机。
使用废水发的电可以用作固有发电系统的辅助的或者补充的电源。因此该补充的电力在固有或者本地发电设施需要额外电力的高峰时间尤其有用。高峰用电时间与污水管线中最高流量大体一致。替代的，污废液流可以给本地发电设施供能，在那里由该种设施发的电足以满足当地需求。
通过利用在已安装的污水管线中存在的流动的污废水或者污废液的能量，可以发电来增加或者补充当地或者固有发电系统而基本不影响当地的环境或者安装该系统所在区域的生态。并且，取用所谓的“燃料”，即在否则将被全部废弃的流动的污废液来提供不影响环境和生态的其它形式燃料的替代物。
发明内容
在此所述的发明考虑用一种经济的方法来发电而不对环境产生不利影响，其不利用矿物燃料，也无需建造诸如水坝或者蓄水湖之类的大型建筑。因此，用于发电的本系统中所包括的方法和设备是基于使用废弃物，也就是污水或者污液，这些废弃物若不加利用则是无用且通常被废弃的。在位于每天会产生大量的污水的繁华区域中或者其附近的已有污水管线中污废水的供应是易于实现的。
通常而言，污废液是从建筑物或者其它建筑或者商业及工业企业收集的，并且经地下污水管线被排放到大的管渠或者管道内。在相对大型的人口非常稠密的区域，当地的污水管线再被送入相继的更大的污水管线中。最终，液体被排进一个或者多个大型主管线，这些主管线将液体输送至废物处理设备或者倾倒场。在多数的居住区，较大的管线或者主管线的直径可以从接近三英尺变化到最大达十英尺或更大。这些管线，例如可能一天的15至20个小时地以每秒8-10英尺的流量输送污液流。虽然液体量可能根据管线的直径和位置以及向较大管线或者主管线进给液体的污水管的网络而有显著变化，但污液量是相当大的并且是基本持续的。
尽管污废液通常包含固体物，但在许多设施中，在流体流经主管线的途中这些固体物会被粉碎或碾碎。因此这些液体可以具有与清洁水相近的稠度或者粘度。
在这里考虑提供一种分水管线，其也被称作“引水管”(penstock)，用于将至少部分流经污水管线的液流从大的主污水管线或拦截污水管线分流。污液的分流给设置在引水管流内的液压操作的涡轮或者水轮提供动力。这些涡轮或者水轮被可工作地连接至常规的发电机并且向其提供所需力。发电机的数量以及由流动的、分流的废水流驱动的涡轮或者水轮的数量是可变的。
在废水或者废液通过涡轮或者水轮之后，其继续经过引水管返回到污水管线。因此，该分流的污废流汇集入管线中的污液流并且继续朝向其最终目的地前进。该目的地通常是通过去除淤泥、固体微粒和杂质来处理污水使得被处理的水足够清洁以供再循环用的污水处理厂。
所发电量是可变的，例如为了提供足够的电力以增加或者补充特定团体或者区域的常规发电系统。因此，可以在用电高峰时间运行该系统以及在高峰期关闭或者降低该系统的电力输出。该系统可以满足团体的用电需求，提供清洁的电力供应。
与液压操作的发电设备相比，该系统不需要水坝或者贮水池或贮水湖来提供稳定的供水以运行该系统。它也不会影响与其相关联的常规的污水处置系统的运转。同时，该污水流虽然在不同的时间是变化的，但供量相对一致。而且污水不管周围环境气候的如何变化，通常常年流动。在通常的人口稠密区存在足够的污水流以可靠地产生可补充当地发电系统输出所需的预定电力量。
本发明的目标是提供一种发电系统，该发电系统通过流动的污废液来供能，这些污废液若不加利用则可能被完全废弃。该系统一般可以在白天需要高电负载的时间在特定地区或者团体中使用。高电负载的高峰时间与一般团体内废污水高流量的时间十分对应。利用污废水作为发电系统能源的设备和方法简单地分流一部分常规的污水流而基本不影响常规流。所以，该系统可以根据临时通知被迅速地开启或者关闭，用于补充或者停止供电而不会干扰排污系统。
本发明的另一目标是给地区或者团体提供相对便宜的供电系统且不对环境或者当地生态造成不利影响并且不使用诸如煤或者油的矿物燃料。此外，该系统通过在结构方面对已有排污系统几乎没有什么增加，使得该系统在许多团体内不会是难看的或者不被接受的。
本发明的又一目标是提供一种相对构造起来容易且便宜的分流装置，其在需要时分流流经当地排污系统的预定量的废水，优选是分流流经具有大直径且具有相对大的常规流量的主污水管线之一的废水，从而利用否则就会被浪费的能量。
本发明公开了一种用于安装成与其中通常流有污废水的污水管线相关联的废水发电系统，该系统包括：分流管线，所述分流管线具有连接到所述污水管线用于从所述污水管线接收水的进水口端，并具有在所述分流管线进水口端与所述污水管线之间的连接处下游一段距离处连接至所述污水管线的排放口端，用于将水排回所述污水管线中；设置在所述进水口端的闸门，该闸门可以被移动至连接关闭位置以阻止水流经过所述进水口端，并且可以被移动至水可流过所述进水口端的开启位置；至少一个水流驱动的涡轮，所述涡轮设置在流经所述分流管线的水流路径中；所述涡轮被可工作地连接以驱动发电机，该发电机响应所述涡轮的废水流的运转而发电；籍此，当需要时，流经所述污水管线的污废水可通过所述分流管线进水口端被分流以流经所述分流管线并接着通过排放连接流回所述污水管线，以运转所述涡轮来驱动所述发电机；其中所述系统还包括设置在所述污水管线中的泵送设备，以将废水泵送通过所述污水管线并用于同时在污水流经所述分流管线的所述进水口端之前粉碎包含在所述污水管线中的基本上所有固体物质。
在阅读了下面的说明书之后，其中附图构成该说明的一部分，本发明的这些以及其它目标和优点将会显而易见。
附图说明
图1以平面图示意性地图示了一系统，该系统将普通的污废液从污水管线分流并且利用该流体运转涡轮或水轮，该涡轮或水轮又驱动常规的发电机，该附图示意性地图示了形成该系统的部件之间的连接，其包括到当地配电系统的连接；
图2示意性地图示了从污水管线引出的分流管或称引水管之间的进水口连接的变体，示意性地描述了分流水流的滑动闸门或者提升闸门以及将固体物质从涡轮入口分流的格栅(screen)系统；
图3以放大的视图示意性地显示了在引水管或称分流管排水口端的闸门；
图4示意性地图示了一种在进入分流管或称引水管之前捕获固体物质的格栅的主视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地图示了使用污废水流为运转能量来发电的系统。该附图示意性地图示了常规的生活污水主管线10，通过其输送液体污水。可以从图中未示出的较小的或者横向的进给管线(图中未示出)进给废水到管线10内。污水管的大型管线或主管线以及进给管线的布置和结构是常规的。
在常规的污水管线中，管道相对地面倾斜，使得流体通过重力沿着管道的长度流动。由于这种管线通常相对较长，并且地形经常向不同的方向倾斜，习惯上会分段铺设管线，这些段从低的位置开始并且倾斜向上达到高的位置。在低的位置处，管道内的液体有时由泵送设备来提升到管道段的下个高的位置，在这个位置处其又开始其移动。
附图1示意性地描述了通过拐角连接段13连接到下一个管道段12上端的管道段11的下端。常规的泵14通过连接段将流动的流体向上提升。常规的泵送设备通常包括泵轮，其将液体向上提升到下一段的高的位置并且同时将水中所含固体物质即使不是全部也是大部分碾碎或粉碎。从而，在可能设有多个泵将液体从倾斜管道段的下端提升到其相邻管道段的高端的相对长段的污水管线上，固体物质即使不是全部也大部分地被辗碎或粉碎，从而使污水流包括几乎与清洁水流十分相似粘度的水样液体。那些逃避辗碎的固体物质将如后文所述的被俘获并且被临时地从引水管移除。
分流管线20，其可被称作“引水管”或液体管渠，具有连接至管道10的进水口或进口端21。分流管线20的相对端具有连接至管线10的排水口22。进水口闸门25可枢转地或可滑动地连接在进水口21，并且可以通过任何常规的装置被枢转或滑升到开启或关闭的位置，该常规的装置例如可以是带有活塞的细长杆，该活塞被安装在液压或气动操作的缸体中用于纵向移动该杆。该杆可被连接至闸门25而连接至固定支撑物的缸体，从而使伸展和收缩的杆分别摆动或提升闸门到开启和关闭的位置。这是通常使用的用于移动或转动闸门状或滑动的闸门板的常规装置。
当闸门处于其关闭位置时，如图中所示，流经污水管线10的液体旁路该进水口闸门并且继续其经管线路线。但是，当激发系统以发电时，进水口闸门25摆动或提升到开启位置。在那种情况下，来自主污水管线的液体被分流进引水管20。液体流经引水管，通过排水口闸门26开启处的排水口22将液流排放出引水管。当排水口闸门开启时，液体流回到污水管线中。可以使闸门运动到控制或调整流入或流出引水管的液体量的各位置来控制流过引水管的液体量引水管引水管。通过调整叶片节距还可控制涡轮速度。
由于到达引水管的进水口21处的流体中有可能存在某些固体，可设置合适的进水口格栅27。商业中有各种用于从流动液体中去除固体物或大颗粒的格栅。在此情况下，合适的格栅27，例如可以是由布置在板中的一系列间隔开的平行条构成。液体从条间通过，而固体物被保留。其它合适的格栅可以由本领域内的技术人员从那些商业上可获得的格栅中选取。如箭头28所示，该格栅可以枢转地或可滑动地连接在引水管20的拦截器或主管线10内，以便固体物质在进入放置涡轮或水轮所处于的引水管工作区域之前被摆动或提升至拦截固体物质的位置。
通过进水口格栅27并且通过引水管进水口端21的经过滤或筛滤的液体流经引水管工作区域30和涡轮。出于解释的目的，在流动液体的路径中示出了三个涡轮。它们是位于工作区域的进水口端的涡轮31、接近工作区域排水口端的涡轮32以及沿竖直轴线的涡轮33，该涡轮33被水平放置以在工作区域中部形成水轮装置。涡轮的位置及数目可变。
该涡轮被用箭头34标识的流动液体转动。当工作时，涡轮转动其相应的驱动轴31a、32a和33a。这些驱动轴被连接至常规的发电机31b、32b和33b。
该发电机再通过电线36c、32c和33c连接至常规的被示意性图示的配电控制系统36。该配电系统由电线37连接至输电线，该输电线由两个塔状符号38示意性图示。
涡轮、发电机以及配电系统的尺寸和能力可基于设计入的系统的发电能力而改变。这些部件可以用商业中存在的设备。所有的这些部件可以被容纳在外壳40中，其尺寸和形状为设备提供保护并且最小化设备放置现场的干扰。
以设备运行能力为例来说，认为具有每秒8-10英尺流速的、直径约102”的生活污水主管线能够在临近区域产生由独个常规发电机发出的每小时6.8兆瓦特的电。发电机的数目可以增加。例如，十个连接至对应的放置在引水管流的路径内涡轮的发电机可以产生约每小时60-70兆瓦特的电。该电量基本满足40,000家住宅的用电。这是依据每家每天用电约25-30千瓦特每的预期平均值来得出的。从而，提供了大量的补充或辅助电力。所产生的电能可全部用于为某团体供电，或者可以在高峰时间使用，或者需要使用外部电力来对日常发电站输出进行补充的其它时间。
由于在水流中可能带有一些固体物或者可能有一些大到足以损坏涡轮叶片的碾碎物体的微粒，进水口格栅27阻挡这些固体从污水管进入引水管的进口。这些固体可以被格栅捕获并且被倾泄到放置在格栅之上或开口之下的集盘50中，管10通常被盖板51关闭。如箭头示意性显示的，固体物接着通过流槽53在引水管进口端下游被送回至主污水管线，或者替代地被用其它的方式从集盘去除。
图2和图4图示了变体，其包括控制污水流入并流经引水管的滑动或者提升式闸门。参考这些附图，该引水管或称分流管20在21处被连接至主污水管线10。闸门60被放置在主管线中并且具有开口61，污水可流过该开口。该开口或者该开口未被遮盖的量由滑动闸门62控制，该滑动闸门可通过液压或者气动系统被移动成遮盖、部分遮盖或者完全打开开口61，该液压或者气动系统包括活塞杆63和纵向移动活塞杆的缸体64。类似的，闸门60a可以被放置在引水管和污水管之间的接头21处。可选地，可以安装闸门60和60a两者。闸门60a可包括开口61a，流体通过该开口被分流进引水管。该开口被滑动闸门或提升闸门62a遮盖，该滑动闸门或提升闸门被缸体64a驱动的活塞杆63a运动至打开该开口。
一旦污水进入引水管，其通过格栅68，该格栅可由平行条或其它适用的格栅滤材料构成以捕获固体颗粒。颗粒坠入或被冲入集盘69中，并接着通过连接管70在引水管和污水管线之间的连接21下游被冲回到主污水管线。箭头65图示了污水经过主管线的流动，而虚线箭头67表明经过引水管到涡轮(未示出)的分流液体的流动。
在流体经过涡轮或者水轮并给其供能之后，图3示意性地图示了经过滑动闸门76的分流流体的返回，该滑动闸门连接至由液压缸或气动缸78驱动的适用活塞杆77。因此，引水管到主污水管线在22处的连接可以被开启、部分开启或者完全开启以控制引水管的流体排水口。
图2和图3是平面图，即分别在引水管的进水口部分和排水口部分向下看。因此，滑动闸门可以根据设施需要的设计被侧向或上下移动。
在高压或相对高压的水流中，使用滑动闸门来控制水流是常用的，并因此如同在其它水控设施中一样，这里开口和闸门以及用于移动该滑动闸门的设备的尺寸和形状是已知的，熟悉本领域内的技术人员能够设计出根据预期流量操控闸门所需的尺寸、形状以及动力。
总而言之，诸如主拦截污水管线的大直径管线通常输送大量污液。由于污液流经管线，其周期性地流经泵站来提升水位以实现向下的重力流动。同时，液体中的固体物质被粉碎，即使有也仅剩留少量固体物。于是，当需要时将部分水样液流分流进引水管，并在那里其驱动涡轮。术语“涡轮”包括水轮或者其它任何在发电系统中适用的液压操作设备。
涡轮驱动发电机。所生成的电被传输至输电设备，该输电设备用于将电传输至特定区域固有配电系统。从而，发电所需的燃料由否则会不被使用或者被废弃的废水提供。结果，该系统不再需要矿物燃料、燃烧设备或蒸汽发生设备、原子能动力设备以及诸如水坝、蓄水池之类的蓄水设施。从而，该系统即使有也最小化了对环境或者生活污水分布或处理系统的影响。
上文示意性地阐述了系统及操作方法的优选实施方案。因此，在已经充分阐述了至少一个可运用的实施方案之后，应当意识到在此所述的发明可以在随附的权利要求的范围内进一步拓展。故而，本申请人要求如下权利：
Claims (11)
1.一种用于安装成与其中流有污废水的污水管线相关联的废水发电系统，该系统包括：
分流管线，所述分流管线具有连接到所述污水管线用于从所述污水管线接收水的进水口端，并具有在所述分流管线进水口端与所述污水管线之间的连接处下游一段距离处连接至所述污水管线的排放口端，用于将水排回所述污水管线中；
设置在所述进水口端的闸门，该闸门可以被移动至连接关闭位置以阻止水流经过所述进水口端，并且可以被移动至水可流过所述进水口端的开启位置；
至少一个水流驱动的涡轮，所述涡轮设置在流经所述分流管线的水流路径中；
所述涡轮被可工作地连接以驱动发电机，该发电机响应所述涡轮的废水流的运转而发电；
籍此，当需要时，流经所述污水管线的污废水可通过所述分流管线进水口端被分流以流经所述分流管线并接着通过排放连接流回所述污水管线，以运转所述涡轮来驱动所述发电机；
其中所述系统还包括设置在所述污水管线中的泵送设备，以将废水泵送通过所述污水管线并用于同时在污水流经所述分流管线的所述进水口端之前粉碎包含在所述污水管线中的基本上所有固体物质。
2.如权利要求1所述的废水发电系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：
设置在所述分流管线的进水口端的过滤器，该过滤器用于过滤出从所述污水管线流入所述分流管线的废水中的大的固体物。
3.如权利要求2所述的废水发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括设置在所述分流管线的所述进水口端的闸门，其控制经所述进水口端从所述污水管线流入所述分流管线的水量，以调整所述涡轮和相关发电机运转。
4.如权利要求3所述的废水发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括可工作地连接到已有输电系统的所述发电机，用于在需要时向所述输电系统提供补充的电力。
5.如权利要求4所述的废水发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括多个涡轮，这些涡轮接收并由流经所述分流管线的废水驱动，并且驱动相应的发电机为所述输电系统发电。
6.如权利要求1所述的废水发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括设置在所述分流管线进水口端的过滤器，该过滤器用于过滤出从所述污水管线流入所述分流管线的废水中大的固体物，并且在所述分流管线的所述进水口端下游将所述固体物返回到在所述污水管线中流动的废水中。
7.一种通过利用污废水运转驱动发电机的水力涡轮来选择性地产生补充电力的方法，该方法包括：
将水流分流管线的相对端连接至污水管线；
泵送废水通过所述污水管线并同时在污水流经分流管线的进水口端之前粉碎包含在所述污水管线中的基本上所有固体物质；
将至少一部分流经所述污水管线的水分流入所述分流管线且使其通过所述分流管线并返回所述污水管线；
调整流经所述分流管线的水量；
利用流经所述分流管线的水运转水力涡轮；
将所述涡轮连接到发电机以驱动所述发电机发电；
将所发电力配送至已有输电线路；
籍此，发电而不使用任何矿物燃料或者影响环境。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括：
在所述分流管线和所述污水管线的所述相对端之间设置进水口端闸门和出水口端闸门；
控制从所述污水管线分流的经过所述分流管线进水口端闸门和出水口端闸门的流水量，以调整由所述发电机产生的电量。
9.一种利用流经污水管线的污废水的发电系统，该系统包括：
将污废水从进给管线输送到主要的污水处理站的主污水管线，该主污水管线包括泵送设备，该泵送设备用于泵送管线中的废水并且将废水带有的大多数固体物粉碎以形成与清洁水流粘度相近的液体；
由具有进水口端和排放口端的管线形成的引水管，所述进水口端连接至所述主污水管线以接收来自所述主污水管线的液体，所述排放口端用于将从所述进水口端输送经过所述引水管的液体在所述进水口端下游排放回到所述主污水管线；
液压操作的涡轮，该涡轮设置在所述引水管中流经所述引水管液体的流动路径上并且被流经所述引水管的液体驱动；
至少一个被可工作地连接到所述涡轮并且被所述涡轮驱动以发电的发电机；
将所发电输送到其用户处的输电系统；
籍此，发电而不使用任何矿物燃料并且基本不对环境产生不利影响。
10.如权利要求9所述的发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括多个设置成接收流经所述引水管的废液的涡轮，所述涡轮驱动多个连接至所述输电系统的发电机以产生可用电力。
11.一种如权利要求10所述的利用流经污水管线的污废水发电的发电系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括在所述引水管的进水口端的格栅，用于从流入所述引水管的污废水中去除固体物并且在所述进水口端闸门的下游将所述固体物返回到所述主污水管线。
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| WO2007021295A3 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
| US20070041790A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| US20100314880A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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| US7452160B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
| CN101287873A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
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| WO2007021295A8 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
| US20150354526A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
| US8794873B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| US7802942B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 |
| US8550746B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
| GB0802477D0 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
| GB2442424A (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| CN102776871B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| US9593664B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
| US20080031691A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| US8147168B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
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