CN101287561B - 用于由造型材料制造铸造型芯或模具的方法 - Google Patents
用于由造型材料制造铸造型芯或模具的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 and in other words Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004177 patent blue V Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/26—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of carbohydrates; of distillation residues therefrom
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于由造型材料制造铸造型芯或模具的方法，该造型材料基于造型原料和有机或者无机的粘结剂，其中向造型材料和/或粘结剂中加入由可形成孔性材料糖粉和/或类似的碳化合物和染料组成的添加剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于由造型原料(Formgrundstoff)和粘结剂制造铸造模具(Giessform)用的铸造型芯(Giesskern)或模具的方法，以及依照此方法制造的铸造型芯或模具。
铸造型芯具有构建铸件内空腔或者被根切后之外部轮廓的任务。这种铸造型芯以公知的方式在芯盒(Kernkasten)中借助射芯机制造，其中该备有粘结剂并且视需要备有添加剂的型砂借助压缩空气被导入到芯盒的空腔中。通常说来，液态的人造树脂或者无机粘结剂被用作粘结剂。
本发明涉及所有的有机的和无机的模具与型芯(Kern)制造方法，优选涉及聚胺酯-冷箱法，和/或涉及可熔酚醛树脂-CO2法。同时，物理方法也可以考虑，例如超声波法。
依照聚胺酯-冷箱法的型芯制造是在冷的芯盒中在使用有机粘结剂体系条件实现的，这种粘结剂体系直接在芯盒中比如通过叔氨被气体硬化。该造型材料混合物(比如石英砂，有机粘结剂体系，硬化剂)的固化是在造型材料填注到冷的芯盒中以后通过气态催化剂或者气态叔氨实现的。各个组分的混合是事先在专门设备中进行的。这种聚胺酯-冷箱法的优点尤其在于型芯或模具可达到高的强度。
另外的，例如，所谓热熔酚醛树脂-CO2法是用碱性缩合的酚醛树脂作为粘结剂的型芯制造方法，该粘结剂被用二氧化碳吹制处理以达到硬化。与聚胺酯-冷箱法一样，造型材料通常以造型原料石英砂为基础。此方法的特点是可阻止铸造过程中的“龟裂”现象。此气体处理方法的不足之处是较小的强度，其原因是增高的腐蚀与不足的热稳定性。
这样制造成型的型芯可以不加涂铸型涂料即使用，或者被涂覆铸型涂料(Schlicht)。铸型涂料是呈粉末状，液态，或者膏状的耐火材料，以用于在铸造型芯上制造薄的覆层。这种铸型涂料具有多种任务。该铸型涂料尤其用于隔热，平滑化，防止金属粘着在模具壁上和防止龟裂的形成，从而用于确保在倒空模具时铸件从模具壁上安全的分离。
在制成铸件的铸造过程之后，从铸造件中取出铸造型芯。这种铸造型芯例如通过注射，震动，吹空，敲击，或者洗掉的方式来取出。
DE 102 27 512 A1公开了这样一种基于含有酚醛树脂和异氰酸酯的造型原料的方法，其中将成孔性材料加入到造型原料中。
由DE 195 25 307 A1获知一种用于铸造模具的铸造型芯。其中提出一种由借助粘结剂固化的干燥材料制成的供铸造模具用的铸造型芯，该铸造型芯在水的作用下会失去其形状。
DE 195 49 469 A1描述了一种由借助基于多磷酸盐的水溶性粘结剂固化的型砂制成的供铸造模具用的铸造型芯，其中这种粘结剂是速溶的多磷酸钠并且提供了混合比：在100重量份的型砂中3-7重量份的粘结剂和0.5-2重量份的水。
DE 199 14 586 A1公开了一种树脂基的粘结剂，以用于制造在铸造行业中所使用的铸造型砂。这种用于型芯型砂制造的粘结剂混合物由单一组分(一种树脂)或者由一个或多个单组分(树脂混合物)组成的混合物与添加剂一起构成。
本发明的任务是，制造在型芯区域中具有适宜铸造表面的未涂覆铸型涂料的型芯/模具并在型芯制造中延长型砂的使用寿命。此外，应能防止在射芯机上方的型砂混合器和型砂漏斗的缩口。
根据本发明，这个任务如此解决，即，向成孔性材料中混入糖粉(Puderzucker)和/或类似的碳化合物。
市售常规糖粉的添加可延长型砂的使用寿命，这就是说，型砂可以更久地加工，同时这样制造的型芯的机械数值不会发生不利的变化。
此外，避免了在射芯机上方的型砂混合器和型砂漏斗的缩口。通过添加糖粉，在型芯注入时的流动特性得到改善。
另外，可实现改善的边缘锐度和型芯轮廓的复制。
通过加入糖粉和/或类似的碳类化合物，在铸造时生成有光泽的碳，并且因此在型芯区域中形成平滑的表面。
加入染料是另外优选的措施。机械师可由此看出，在芯砂混合物中是否还存在添加剂。同时，通过这一添加可以监控型砂混合器的计量单元。
根据一个特别优选的方法实施方案，该粘结剂由酚醛树脂组分和异氰酸酯组分按照1∶1的比例构成，其中，粘结剂组分被同时或者依次地置入到造型材料中并接着被混合。
优选地，将糖粉和/或类似的碳化合物和/或染料如此混合到型砂中：以便产生均匀的混合物。
接下来提供本发明制造方法的关于由石英砂和粘结剂组成的混合物的组成的一个特别有利的工作实施例：
100％ 重量份的石英砂
0.5-0.8％ 重量份的树脂(比如酚醛树脂)
0.5-0.8％ 重量份的活化剂(比如异氰酸酯)
1.0-2.0％ 重量份的根据本发明的添加剂(成孔性材料，包括糖粉和染料)。
树脂和异氰酸酯的重量份可在0.5％-0.8％之间，视所需的铸造型芯的强度而定。通常来说，树脂和异氰酸酯等量地加入，也就是说，按照1∶1的比例加入。
本发明添加剂的组成的例子：
100％ 成孔性材料
1.0％-10％ 粒度小于1mm的市售常规的糖粉
1.0％-5.0％ 染料(比如Hostaperm B4G-KR或者E131专利蓝)。
本发明添加剂通常以1％-2％重量比例的数量来加入。
下面描述示例性的铸造型芯制造的典型方法流程：
●称量石英砂的重量或者按体积计量添加；
●将石英砂装入装料混合器中；
●通过计量泵以计量添加树脂组分和异氰酸酯组分。该计量添加可以平行地或者依次地进行；
●本发明添加剂与型砂计量添加依次地、平行地加入到型砂混合器中；
●混合时间为至多200秒，视所需要求和混合器类型而定；
●在射芯机上加工湿的混合物；
●取出型芯；
●把制成的型芯置入到用于真正铸造过程的砂模中。
Claims (3)
1.用于由造型材料制造铸造型芯或模具的方法，该造型材料基于造型原料和有机或者无机的粘结剂，其中向造型材料和/或粘结剂中加入成孔性材料，其特征在于：向成孔性材料中混入粒度小于1mm的糖粉。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：粘结剂由可变比例的酚醛树脂组分和异氰酸酯组分构成，其中将两种粘结剂组分同时加入到石英砂中和随后混合。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：糖粉被如此混合：以便产生均匀的混合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05017698.1 | 2005-08-13 | ||
| EP05017698A EP1752235B1 (de) | 2005-08-13 | 2005-08-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Giesskernnen oder Formen |
| PCT/EP2006/004821 WO2007019898A1 (de) | 2005-08-13 | 2006-05-22 | Giesskernmasse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101287561A CN101287561A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
| CN101287561B true CN101287561B (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
Family
ID=35883801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200680029319.0A Expired - Fee Related CN101287561B (zh) | 2005-08-13 | 2006-05-22 | 用于由造型材料制造铸造型芯或模具的方法 |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8058325B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1752235B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4820413B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101287561B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE394185T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2006281745B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0614778B1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2617948C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE502005004015D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1752235T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2303161T3 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2007015598A (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1752235E (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2442673C2 (zh) |
| SI (1) | SI1752235T1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007019898A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200711019B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010018751B4 (de) * | 2010-04-29 | 2015-08-13 | Laempe & Mössner GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formen oder Kernen insbesondere für Gießereizwecke |
| DE102010051567A1 (de) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Ashland-Südchemie-Kernfest GmbH | Bindemittel auf Polyurethanbasis zur Herstellung von Kernen und Gießformen unter Verwendung von Isocyanaten enthaltend eine Urethonimin- und/oder Carbodiimid-Gruppe, eine Formstoffmischung enthaltend das Bindemittel und ein Verfahren unter Verwendung des Bindemittels |
| JP2022514075A (ja) * | 2018-12-20 | 2022-02-09 | プロイオニック ゲーエムベーハー | 糖成分を含む成形用組成物 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2145317A (en) * | 1935-01-17 | 1939-01-31 | Borden Co | Foundry core binder |
| DE1255239B (de) * | 1965-04-01 | 1967-11-30 | Adalbert Wittmoser Dr Ing | Formmasse zur Herstellung von Giessformen |
| FR1515784A (fr) * | 1966-03-30 | 1968-03-01 | Procédé de moulage à cire perdue | |
| FR2324393A1 (fr) * | 1975-09-17 | 1977-04-15 | Fischer Ag Georg | Procede de traitement de matieres premieres granulaires poreuses, en particulier pour la preparation de sables de fonderie |
| US4396430A (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1983-08-02 | Ralph Matalon | Novel foundry sand binding compositions |
| CN1030373A (zh) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-01-18 | 铁道部戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所 | 硅酸盐砂的添加剂 |
| CN1097661A (zh) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-25 | 罗端权 | 新型铸造粘结剂及其制造方法 |
| US6013125A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 2000-01-11 | Quraishi; Mashallah M. | Investment of powders and method for rapid preparation of investment molds |
| CN1244824A (zh) * | 1996-11-22 | 2000-02-16 | 福塞科国际有限公司 | 砂的回收方法 |
| US20050176845A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2005-08-11 | Alexander Schrey | Core material |
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| US3124547A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | Process of contacting a microporous | ||
| US3062760A (en) * | 1959-10-06 | 1962-11-06 | Electric Storage Battery Co | Method of producing a microporous polymeric resin |
| GB1051320A (en) * | 1964-01-13 | 1966-12-14 | W.R. Grace & Co. | Micro-porous polyethylene and a process for the manufacture thereof |
| US3375208A (en) * | 1967-07-26 | 1968-03-26 | Esb Inc | Method for preparing a microporous thermoplastic resin material |
| US4426462A (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-01-17 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Method for the preparation of highly absorbent phenolic resin foams |
| JPS63174752A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sadaji Nagabori | 無塗型鋳造に適した鋳物用砂型または中子の連続式製造方法および製造装置 |
| DE19549469C2 (de) | 1995-07-12 | 1999-05-12 | Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F | Gießkern zum Gießformen und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Gießkerns |
| DE19525307C2 (de) | 1995-07-12 | 2003-04-03 | Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F | Formmasse zur Herstellung von Gießkernen und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gießkerns |
| US6139619A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2000-10-31 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Binders for cores and molds |
| US6703057B2 (en) * | 1996-07-13 | 2004-03-09 | Parnova Enterprises Limited | Granulated sugar product |
| DE19647368A1 (de) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-20 | Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh | Verbundwerkstoffe |
| DE19914586A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Bi Vt Gmbh Bindemittel Verfahr | Neuartige Bindemittel auf Harzbasis zur Herstellung von Gießereisanden zur Verwendung im Gießereiwesen |
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2005
- 2005-08-13 DE DE502005004015T patent/DE502005004015D1/de active Active
- 2005-08-13 ES ES05017698T patent/ES2303161T3/es active Active
- 2005-08-13 AT AT05017698T patent/ATE394185T1/de active
- 2005-08-13 PT PT05017698T patent/PT1752235E/pt unknown
- 2005-08-13 EP EP05017698A patent/EP1752235B1/de active Active
- 2005-08-13 SI SI200530257T patent/SI1752235T1/sl unknown
- 2005-08-13 DK DK05017698T patent/DK1752235T3/da active
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2006
- 2006-05-22 AU AU2006281745A patent/AU2006281745B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-22 MX MX2007015598A patent/MX2007015598A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-22 JP JP2008525398A patent/JP4820413B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-22 CN CN200680029319.0A patent/CN101287561B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-22 RU RU2008109321/02A patent/RU2442673C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-22 WO PCT/EP2006/004821 patent/WO2007019898A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-05-22 BR BRPI0614778-0A patent/BRPI0614778B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-22 CA CA2617948A patent/CA2617948C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-12-19 ZA ZA200711019A patent/ZA200711019B/xx unknown
-
2008
- 2008-02-12 US US12/029,487 patent/US8058325B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2145317A (en) * | 1935-01-17 | 1939-01-31 | Borden Co | Foundry core binder |
| DE1255239B (de) * | 1965-04-01 | 1967-11-30 | Adalbert Wittmoser Dr Ing | Formmasse zur Herstellung von Giessformen |
| FR1515784A (fr) * | 1966-03-30 | 1968-03-01 | Procédé de moulage à cire perdue | |
| FR2324393A1 (fr) * | 1975-09-17 | 1977-04-15 | Fischer Ag Georg | Procede de traitement de matieres premieres granulaires poreuses, en particulier pour la preparation de sables de fonderie |
| US4396430A (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1983-08-02 | Ralph Matalon | Novel foundry sand binding compositions |
| CN1030373A (zh) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-01-18 | 铁道部戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所 | 硅酸盐砂的添加剂 |
| CN1097661A (zh) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-25 | 罗端权 | 新型铸造粘结剂及其制造方法 |
| US6013125A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 2000-01-11 | Quraishi; Mashallah M. | Investment of powders and method for rapid preparation of investment molds |
| CN1244824A (zh) * | 1996-11-22 | 2000-02-16 | 福塞科国际有限公司 | 砂的回收方法 |
| US20050176845A1 (en) * | 2002-06-19 | 2005-08-11 | Alexander Schrey | Core material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0614778A2 (pt) | 2011-04-12 |
| DE502005004015D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
| ES2303161T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
| RU2008109321A (ru) | 2009-09-20 |
| CN101287561A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
| PT1752235E (pt) | 2008-08-20 |
| SI1752235T1 (sl) | 2008-08-31 |
| DK1752235T3 (da) | 2008-08-25 |
| JP4820413B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
| MX2007015598A (es) | 2008-04-09 |
| EP1752235A1 (de) | 2007-02-14 |
| EP1752235B1 (de) | 2008-05-07 |
| BRPI0614778B1 (pt) | 2015-01-06 |
| AU2006281745A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| CA2617948A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| ATE394185T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| US8058325B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
| ZA200711019B (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| RU2442673C2 (ru) | 2012-02-20 |
| AU2006281745B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
| JP2009504406A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
| WO2007019898A1 (de) | 2007-02-22 |
| US20080190320A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
| CA2617948C (en) | 2011-11-08 |
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