CN101285659A - Supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element and its working medium loading sealing method - Google Patents
Supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element and its working medium loading sealing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a supercritical heat wave heat transfer element, comprising at least one cavity body capable of being sealed and at least one working medium, wherein, the working medium is bulked into the cavity body capable of being sealed, the cavity body capable of being sealed is sealed, the sum of the liquid volume of the bulked working medium is less than the total cavity volume; at least one part of the cavity body is a heat absorbing end, at least the other part of the cavity body is a heat discharging end; the heat transfer element absorbs the heat quantity from the heat absorbing end. When the working medium in the cavity body is in a subcritical and/or supercritical state, the supercritical flow body inside the cavity body transfers the heat quantity to the radiating end from the heating absorbing end mainly in a way of heat wave in order to realize the heat energy transfer because the supercritical working medium has low thermal diffusivity and high thermal expansivity near a critical point and/or an imitated critical point.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat transfer element, particularly utilizes supercritical fluid, the element that conducts heat in closed cavity inside, with and can, sealing method.
Background technology
Supercritical fluid (SCF) refers to that thermodynamic state is in " critical point " above fluid; Promptly at critical-temperature and the fluid more than the critical pressure, supercritical fluid has the double grading of liquids and gases concurrently, and density is big, diffusion coefficient is big, viscosity is little, good penetrability; Physicochemical properties of fluid is extremely responsive with the variation of temperature and pressure near critical point, under the condition that does not change chemical composition, can regulate fluid properties by pressure.Supercritical fluid technique began to show up prominently from the seventies in last century, easily surmount conventional art with its environmental protection, significant advantage such as efficient, rapid permeability is to conventional art, be penetrated into numerous areas such as extract and separate, petroleum extn separation, petrochemical industry, Chemical Engineering, material science, biotechnology chemical industry, Chemical Engineering, material science, biotechnology and medicine, environmental project, nanometer technology, and become one of dominating of these field development.Yet the research of the heat transfer property of supercritical fluid only limits to it is studied as a kind of fluid, as a kind of fluid, adopts extraneous specific pump to provide power, the fluid heat transferring of realizing.
In October, 1985, the unexpected discovery during Nitsche and Straub once test in space shuttle, the main flow temperature of fluid changes very fast with wall temperature, system is tending towards the time required far below original estimation used time of thermal balance, note the diabatic process of this moment, heat conduction is very faint, convection current is suppressed, radiation can be ignored, but heat energy is still passed to main flow from wall quickly, so containing a kind of new heat-transfer mechanism here, after this, some experiments have successively confirmed the heat transfer phenomenon that this is unusual, and this heat transfer phenomenon is called as piston effect, Zappoli points out " piston effect comes down to a kind of thermoacoustic effect ", is heat conduction, the 4th kind of heat-transfer mechanism beyond convection current and the radiation.
A kind of working media is enclosed in the inside cavity of a sealing, the hot pipe technique that utilizes the gas-liquid phase transition of working media to conduct heat, the heat pipe that utilizes the working media gas-liquid phase transition of closed cavity inside to carry out the principle manufacturing of heat conduction is a best techniques method in the present heat transfer technology, yet, also there is a lot of technical problems in popularizing and applying the aspect of hot pipe technique, though make hot pipe technique be arranged by being invented six more than ten years, use but be limited at certain special dimension, its key factor is:
1, the manufacture method of heat pipe can be divided into two big classes, and a class is a vacuumizing method, needs vacuum equipment, need expend the energy and holding time like this, secondly be the hot type method, can't carry out the control of working media amount accurately, only limit to the heat pipe of industry is made.
2, sealing tech adopts the cold welding method for vacuumizing method, the material that can use the cold welding method to seal has only copper, other metals are not suitable for adopting the method, thereby have limited heat pipe and must adopt expensive copper as case material, thereby have increased the cost of heat pipe; In addition for the hot type method, owing to add the technology of welding after the employing pin is squeezed into and sealed, can not guarantee the quantity of whole working media on the technology, unwarrantable quality and performance, and, the subject matter of this kind method is to adopt big pipe fitting this kind method to produce, and little pipe fitting can't be produced at all.
3, Nei Bu anticorrosion problem: the working media that is adopted may react with the material production of cavity, and makes vacuum reduce, thereby makes the performance of heat pipe descend, and cause and finally can't work, thereby the life-span of heat pipe is short, can not be suitable for industrial requirement.
Because there are these technological deficiencies in existing hot pipe technique, obstacle the development of hot pipe technique, make that hot pipe technique can not be by general application.
Utilize the heat transfer property of supercritical fluid,, can utilize the characteristic of overcritical material, particularly utilize " piston effect " principle, also can improve the deficiency of hot pipe technique, can form a kind of new heat transfer element for working media with combining of hot pipe technique.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of overcritical heat transfer element, with overcritical material as a kind of working media, it is enclosed in the cavity, at least a portion of cavity is heat absorbing end (parts), another part at least of cavity is release end of heat (parts), heat transfer element absorbs heat from heat absorbing end, when the cavity working media is in subcritical and/or during supercriticality, because overcritical working media is in critical point and/or intend having lower thermal diffusivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion near the critical point, supercritical fluid mainly is delivered to radiating end with heat from heat absorbing end with the form of heat wave in inside cavity, realizes the transmission of heat energy.Utilize " piston effect " principle, overcritical working media is " heat conduction is very faint; convection current is suppressed; radiation can be ignored " in diabatic process, but adopt heat conduction, convection current and radiation the 4th kind of heat-transfer mechanism in addition, and conduct heat with the form of heat wave, realized utilizing the character of supercritical fluid like this, in conjunction with characteristics such as the manufacturing of hot pipe technique, design, structures, produce a kind of efficient, low-cost, be easy to the heat transfer element making and produce.The present invention provides the technical method that supercritical fluid is carried out augmentation of heat transfer simultaneously, adopts increase particulate species material or increases the augmentation of heat transfer of the method realization of heterogeneousization phase change material to overcritical working media.
Other purpose of the present invention, the packaging process and the sealing mode of having invented this kind heat transfer element.
Different and the traditional heat pipe of this heat transfer element, because heat pipe is the heat transfer that relies on the liquid-gas phase transition principle to realize, and at heat transfer element of the present invention, inner working media is in postcritical state in the normal course of work, in the supercriticality diabatic process, heat transfer substance is in single-phase supercriticality all the time, thereby does not belong to traditional adopting heat pipes for heat transfer.
It is that power is realized conducting heat that this heat transfer element difference and the heat transfer that utilizes supercritical fluid to carry out, common postcritical fluid need pump.
Concrete summary of the invention is as follows:
A kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element, at least contain a cavity that can seal, and at least a working media, working medium loading carries out cavity behind the cavity that can seal airtight, and the liquid volume sum of the working media of institute's can is no more than all cavity volumes;
At least a portion of cavity is heat absorbing end (parts), another part at least of cavity is release end of heat (parts), in some heat transfer element, also be provided with adiabatic end, be that heat transfer element has a heat absorbing end at least, heat absorbing end can be a heat absorbing end, also can be a heat sink or equipment, also can be a heat absorption zone; Simultaneously, also have a release end of heat at least, release end of heat can be a release end of heat, also can be a heat sink or equipment, also can be a heat absorption zone; An adiabatic end can also be arranged simultaneously, and adiabatic end can be held for a thermal insulation, also can be a heat insulating member or equipment, also can be an adiabatic zone.Not necessarily part is held in thermal insulation, but whether adiabatic end is set, and need need as requested to handle.In the heat absorption zone, can be positioned at same heat absorption zone by a heat absorbing end or a plurality of heat absorbing end of cavity, heat release and adiabatic zone can be positioned at this zone by one or more different release end of heat, adiabatic end equally.
Heat transfer element absorbs heat from heat absorbing end, when the cavity working media is in subcritical and/or during supercriticality, because overcritical working media is in critical point and/or intend having lower thermal diffusivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion near the critical point, supercritical fluid mainly is delivered to radiating end with heat from heat absorbing end with the form of heat wave in inside cavity, realizes the transmission of heat energy.
Diabatic process comprises transmission, exchange, collection, storage, application, the control of the heat of heat exchange, thermal-arrest, heat radiation, accumulation of heat, all processes of management, and in the present invention, the notion of heat transfer comprises above-described all processes.
The liquid volume sum of the working media of institute's can is no more than all cavity volumes; The liquid volume sum of all working medias refers to all working medias below critical-temperature, is in the volume when liquid or solid-state when being in normal temperature under the certain pressure, and in this patent, this volume is called the liquid volume of working media.Usually all liquid volumes are the 5%-95% of cavity volume, but generally the amount of pouring into can be carried out according to 20% of cavity volume.Be the working media of gas down for its normal pressure and temperature, can under gaseous state, carry out can, still, the quantity of its can is calculated with the weight of its can, the total amount of working media, calculate with its relative liquid volume, its volume is no more than the volume of cavity.
Supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element, after the heat absorption position of cavity absorbs heat, because the effect of thermal diffusion, a thermal boundary layer as thin as a wafer forms near heating wall rapidly, because supercritical fluid has higher coefficient of thermal expansion and compression ratio near critical point, so thermal boundary layer is just as a piston, rapid inflate compression main flow, this process can be regarded adiabatic process as, when expanding, thermal boundary layer produces pressure wave, it is propagated in main flow with the velocity of sound, and reflect at the opposite of system boundary, heat energy is given main flow as carrier from flank pass with pressure wave just, under the effect of piston effect, the main flow temperature evenly rises fast, thereby significantly reduced system and be tending towards the required time of thermal balance, equally, piston effect also is present in the cooling procedure, this moment, main flow expanded, heat of compression boundary layer, the plug effect is a transient phenomenon, be tending towards in the thermally equilibrated process in system, piston effect weakens gradually, after system reaches thermal balance, piston effect just disappears, the essence of piston effect heat transfer phenomenon is, the expansion of thermal boundary layer, shrink, produce pressure wave, heat energy is carrier with the pressure wave, between border and main flow, transmit, main flow is evenly heated up fast, or cooling, thereby greatly degree has been accelerated system's trend thermal balance, and the piston effect diabatic process is different from heat conduction, therefore convection current and radiation are a kind of new heat-transfer mechanisms, piston effect not only exists near critical point, and still act on obviously away from critical point place at temperature and pressure, it has lower thermal diffusivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion owing to fluid near the critical point, the hot pressing shrinkage, piston effect intensity when the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure and specific heat at constant volume can be used for weighing different parameters, its ratio is big more, and its piston effect is obvious more.
Any material that possesses postcritical pressure and temperature can be as working media, but from cost, serviceability temperature, factors such as security come working media is selected, usually can select following a kind of or its mixture for use under: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, oxygen, freon (halogenated hydrocarbons), hydrocarbon (hydro carbons), methyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, cyclohexane, decahydronaphthalenes, carbon tetrachloride, paraxylene, toluene, meta-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, ortho-xylene, carbon disulfide, australene, tetrahydronaphthalene, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, butyl oxide, propionic acid, trichloro-ethylene, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl formate, butyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, amyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, oxolane, sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl formate, methyl formate, the 2-picoline, the 1-octanol, dichloroethanes, the 1-enanthol, methyl cyclohexanone, the 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl cyclohexanol, pyridine, pyridine, phenmethylol, the 1-hexanol, the 2-amylalcohol, the 1-amylalcohol, cyclohexanone, the 2-butanols, cyclohexanol, the 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol, nitroethane, 1, the 2-propane diols, 1, ammediol, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, quinoline, betaine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, formamide, dimethyl formamide, naphthalene, conduction oil, biphenyl, Dowtherm, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrogen fluorine carbide, perfluorinated hydrocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride.
Preferred overcritical heat transfer medium is helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freon, hydrocarbon, methyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, water, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs.
Preferred greenhouse gases are that postcritical heat transfer medium is: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrogen fluorine carbide, perfluorinated hydrocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride.
Greenhouse gases can be used as a kind of overcritical heat transfer medium, use as working media as the most normal carbon dioxide that uses.
Its working media can be a kind of, also can be two kinds or many in mixture.
Be the augmentation of heat transfer ability, also add the augmentation of heat transfer material in working media, the augmentation of heat transfer material is a following at least class material:
A, particulate species material, the weight ratio of working media and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～5000;
B, phase transformation class material, the weight ratio of working media and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～8000.
Described particulate matter can be metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle, the metallic particles thing can be metal, for example be in copper, iron, aluminium, zinc, steel, gold, silver, the tin particles one or more, so wherein better with higher its augmentation of heat transfer effect of the heat transfer system of copper, aluminium; The metallic particles material can also be metal oxide, for example is in mangano-manganic oxide, cobalt oxide, tantalum oxide, tri-iron tetroxide, three zirconias, yittrium oxide, beryllium oxide, ytterbium oxide, dysprosia, boron oxide, silica, the alumina particle one or more; The metallic particles thing can also be the salt particle, for example one or more in boric acid tungsten cadmium, potassium titanate, boron carbide, strontium chromate, lithium metaaluminate, the bichromate (potassium bichromate, sodium dichromate).
The non-metallic particle thing can be plastic grain, glass particle, ceramic particle, sandstone particle; Wherein the sandstone particle can be selected SiO for use
2Or beryl.
Described auxiliary phase change material can be solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
Described liquid-gas phase transition material can be in sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, conduction oil, water, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm, acetone, ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane, nitrogen, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbon, the carbon dioxide one or more, but can not be identical with used basic heat transfer substance when specifically selecting for use.
Described solid-solid phase change material can be one or more the material in polyalcohol, PE (pentaerythrite), PG (2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol), NPG (neopentyl glycol), TMP (trimethyl propane), TAM, inorganic salts, laminated perovskite, rhodan ammonium (NH4SCN), high molecular polymer, macromolecule crosslinked resin, graft copolymer, the polyethylene.
Described solid-liquid phase change material can be one or more the material in the halide of inorganic hydrated salt, paraffin, aliphatic acid, alkalies and alkaline earth, high temperature melt salt, salt-mixture, metal, alloy, senior aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, the many alkyl compounds.
Described inorganic hydrated salt can be in sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, the acetate one or more.
Described high temperature melt salt can be in fluoride salt, chloride, nitrate, carbonate, the sulfate one or more.
Described many alkyl compounds can be in polyalcohol, pentaerythrite, the neopentyl glycol one or more.
For particulate matter, the addition in supercritical fluid, comprehensively each factor is considered, the weight ratio of working media and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～5000.
The auxiliary addition of phase change material in supercritical fluid, the weight ratio of working media and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～8000.
The cavity that can seal is the carrier that the inner working media of carrying carries out work, need select suitable cavity shape according to factors such as heat transfer property, intensity, antiseptic property, costs, as long as meet above-mentioned requirements, can adopt the cavity of Any shape, the most common cavity is metal or nonmetallic pipe, the pipe fitting by a plurality of branches from a most basic straight tube to complexity as long as it does not constitute the loop of a closed loop, is referred to as tree; Secondly constitute the system of at least one closed loop for its shape, its cavity is the structure that can link up the loop that becomes a closed loop, is called ring; Cavity for by a plurality of mutual cross shaped head is called network; Wherein set, the notion of ring, network and the tree in the topology, ring, network concept basically identical, thereby the cavity that can seal be at least following a kind of cavity:
A, contain a tree at least;
B, contain a ring at least;
C, contain a network at least.
As long as the material of the cavity that can seal meets designing requirement, be hard-core in principle, common can adopting is following a kind of:
A, metal object;
B, nonmetal thing;
C, metal and nonmetallic compound.
Can closed cavity, can be circular, square, ellipse, triangle, arbitrary shapes such as quadrangle, adopt diameter to weigh for circle, can be for rotary body with highly weighing, for special object, the minimum length of employing in cavity measured as the height of cavity, the diameter of the cavity that can seal or height are: 0.01 nanometer～100 meter, for gaseous state or above-critical state, the cavity that is suitable for minute yardstick, cavity as MCA, and the microchannel that adopts the photoetching technique moulding, its height can be as small as 0.01 nanometer, and for large-scale object, its height can arrive 100 meters, is applied to large-scale generating equipment this moment, chemical industry equipment, power equipment, in the metallurgical equipment.
Inner surface and/or outer surface at cavity also are provided with following at least a kind of material:
A, anti-corrosion material;
The material of B, increase heat conductivility.This material is a kind of superficial layer, be formed in and or outer surface,
To strengthen heat-transfer capability.
Because overcritical material generally has corrosivity, if inner surface is not handled, should imitate nuclear to the thickness of the material of cavity, except needs are considered intensity, also need to consider to corrode influence for thickness, thereby increase the thickness of cavity, but generally, still adopt the corrosion-resistant way, employing is carried out preservative treatment to material, for carbon steel class material, can adopt zinc-plated or aluminize and realize anticorrosionly, preferably be added into rare earth material therein and carry out anticorrosion for adopting zinc-plated or aluminizing.Except that inner surface carries out preservative treatment, generally, also will carry out preservative treatment to outer surface according to the environment of heat exchange.
Because overcritical working media has higher pressure usually when reaching supercriticality, thereby the cavity casing rigidity of selecting that can seal should surpass the critical pressure intensity of force at least.For safety also should be provided with certain safe clearance, this calculating about intensity can design according to the theory of the mechanics of materials and check.
In order to increase exchange capability of heat, be provided with fin at the appearance and/or the cavity inner surface of heat transfer element.Usually can be on the inner surface and/or outer surface of the heat absorbing end of heat transfer element and/or release end of heat, fin is used to increase heat exchange area in the processing, thereby strengthens exchange capability of heat.
A kind of working medium loading method of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element can adopt several different methods to carry out the can of working media, as long as can guarantee working medium loading to inside cavity and can realize airtight to cavity.The principle of employing distinct methods is the influence to factors such as heat transfer element heat transfer property, cost, life-span, reliabilities, liquid can has reduced airtight difficulty, can will directly adopt parts that seal to seal behind the filling liquid, at heat transfer element in appearance, can not have sealing tube, valve etc., but it need be reduced to working media liquid state and carries out can.Gaseous state can cost is low, but needs a filling parts or a filling exit such as valve, and its inside cavity also will be mingled with the gases such as air of part usually, be not easy to make working media purity very high.Vacuum is canned can to realize highly purified working medium loading, but needs large-scale vaccum-pumping equipment, and for each cavity, vacuumizing also needs time and consume electric power.
At least select one of following method can working media:
A, liquid state or solid-state can: working media is kept liquid or solid-state, simultaneously cavity is also remained on close temperature or normal temperature, liquid or solid-state working media directly are filled to cavity inside, realize the can of working media;
B, gaseous state can: working media is kept gaseous state, cavity is in the same or analogous temperature of environment temperature, and at least one can hole and/or can valve (5) be set on cavity, working media by can hole or filling valve goalkeeper gaseous state directly is filled to cavity inside, realizes the can of working media; Its preferred can valve is a check valve.
C, vacuum filling: at least one filling tube and/or can valve (5) are set on cavity, at first utilize vaccum-pumping equipment that cavity is vacuumized, after reaching the vacuum of setting, by filling tube and/or can valve (5) working medium loading is arrived cavity inside, then can hole and/or can shape valve are carried out airtightly, realize the can of working media.
A kind of cavity airtight method of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element, as long as can keep any method of the heat transfer that working media can continue in inside cavity, may be used to the airtight of cavity, but because the pressure of overcritical material is generally very high, so the method for the sealing of being adopted at first must be able to guarantee to bear enough pressure, thereby can has great influence to life-span of product, if inner working media reduces, even all reveal, heat transfer element can't be worked, but its airtight degree does not have the height of general heat pipe, even little leakage is arranged, heat transfer element was lost efficacy immediately.At least select one of following manner to carry out airtight to cavity:
A, working media is encased in the inside cavity that can seal after, carry out again inside cavity is carried out exhaust, the unnecessary gas (air) of inside cavity is discharged to the cavity outside, keep the degree of purity of cavity gas inside to carry out airtight;
B, inside cavity is vacuumized, with the unnecessary air scavenge of inside cavity and after forming certain vacuum, working media is encased in inside cavity after, carry out cavity airtight.
C, with working medium loading after inside cavity, directly airtight.
Overcritical heat transfer element provided by the present invention can be realized the heat transfer of low-cost high-efficiency energy on the one hand, compares with conventional heat pipe, has reduced production cost, does not need vaccum-pumping equipment, does not need airtight cavity, even little leakage is arranged, heat transfer element still can conduct heat.Adopt the technical method of multiple augmentation of heat transfer simultaneously, strengthened the heat-transfer capability of heat transfer element.Adopt multiple cavity body structure simultaneously, can satisfy the different industries and the use of environment, increased the scope of application of heat transfer element greatly, can utilize this technology, realize the conduction of heat energy widely.
In the overcritical working media the most normal use be exactly carbon dioxide, and the formal a kind of main greenhouse gases of carbon dioxide, owing to increase at occurring in nature content, making the earth temperature occur increases, for the earth has brought harm, the whole world is all at the technical method of seeking to handle carbon dioxide, adopts method of the present invention but it is become expense exactly into the technical method of utilization of treasured.
The present invention utilizes the characteristic of supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide isothermal chamber gas can be encapsulated, both realized effective utilization, carbon dioxide isothermal greenhouse gases are effectively utilized, can perfectly solve the problem of utilizing of greenhouse gases, for effectively solving the greenhouse gases problem, proposed to possess the technical method that business development is worth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: tree-like substantially heat transfer element;
Fig. 2: computer radiator heat transfer element;
Fig. 3: solar energy heat transfer element;
Fig. 4: tree structure heat transfer element (building heating heat transfer element);
Fig. 5: loop configuration heat transfer element (industrial heat exchange device heat transfer element);
Fig. 6: network structure heat transfer element (the electronic radiation dull and stereotyped heat transfer element in microchannel);
Wherein:
1: pass ripe element heat absorbing end (parts), 2: heat transfer element release end of heat (parts),
3: the adiabatic end of heat transfer element (parts), 4: heat transfer medium,
5: filling tube and/or can valve, 6: tree-like cavity body structure,
7: the annular housing structure, 8: the network cavity body structure,
9: anti-corrosion material, 10: Heat Conduction Material.
The specific embodiment
Basic supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 1, a diameter is the carbon steel pipe of 38MM, length is 1M, constitutes a cavity with the two ends up and down of pipe are airtight, on the surface of cavity, adopt plating rare earth aluminium to carry out anticorrosion, and at the outer surface of pipe fitting, aluminize in the processing, its thickness than inner rare earth aluminium after, be mainly used in anticorrosion and heat conduction, the aluminum ratio carbon steel has higher heat conductivility; In the inside of cavity, seal on the face of pipe, process a check valve, adopt check valve that the carbon dioxide of gas is filled into inside cavity, its weight that charges into is 300 grams, constitutes basic overcritical heat conducting element like this.
The computer radiator supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 2, the employing diameter is 32MM, it highly is the Cu metal tubes of 58MM, at first restrain at its cavity fill water 10, and then charge into overcritical working media 30 grams of R134a, its heat absorbing end is connected with computer CPU, the ground of having only copper pipe, its release end of heat is the side of whole copper pipe, and this is that a heat absorbing end is a ground, and release end of heat is the application example of a cylinder.
The solar energy supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 3, the employing diameter is 18MM, and length is the seamless iron pipe of 1800MM, and it is anticorrosion to adopt plating rare earth zinc to carry out, and inside is filled with carbon dioxide 30 grams, ammonia 10 grams, and the phase transformation class augmentation of heat transfer medium of adding is a methyl alcohol: 30 grams, vapourizing temperature is: 64.7 ℃; Ethanol: 40 grams, vapourizing temperature is: 78.3 ℃; The particulate species material that adds is copper 100 grams of 0.001mm, cupric oxide 30 grams that granularity is 0.01mm, and its heat absorbing end is 1600MM, the long 200MM of release end of heat, and among this embodiment, the length of heat absorbing end is greater than the length of release end of heat.
The tree structure heat transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 4, heat transfer element is to be used for building heating, and its heat absorbing end is a heat sink, it in this case a heat exchanger, this heat exchanger and boiler carry out heat exchange, and this heat transfer element is a tree structure, in cavity, do not constitute the structure of closed loop, at release end of heat, to form by six radiators, six radiators dispel the heat heat energy, its radiating end is made of six thermal components, and the heat absorbing end of this heat transfer element and release end of heat all are to be made of parts or equipment.This heat transfer element is regional by a heat absorption, two heat release zones, and an adiabatic zone constitutes.The postcritical working media that adopts, basic heat transfer medium: carbon dioxide, 5000 grams, auxiliary phase change material is 2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol (PG): 10000 grams, phase transition temperature: 81.76 ℃, enthalpy of transition: 172.458J/G; Operating temperature interval: 30-130 ℃, operating pressure interval: 8-15MPa.
The loop configuration heat transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 5, this heat transfer element is used for the industrial heat exchange device, this heat transfer element is made of a heat absorption zone, an adiabatic zone, a heat release zone, heat transfer element is that one structure is the loop of a closed loop, its different part is in conduct heat zone and heat release zone, totally constitutes a heat transfer element.The overcritical heat transfer medium of plinth is a water, 5000 grams, and the augmentation of heat transfer material of adding is pure polyethylene glycol (PEG): 10000 grams, phase transition temperature: 328 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 185J/G; High density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE): 500 grams, phase transition temperature: 133 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 212J/G, the operating temperature of heat transfer element: 374-600 ℃, operating pressure: 22-50MPa.
The network structure heat transfer element
Please refer to Fig. 6, this heat transfer element is the microchannel heat transfer plate of a network-type, be a microchannel in the processing above the copper coin, each diameter is 30 nanometers, the shape of its passage as shown in the figure, its end that conducts heat, heat absorbing end and adiabatic end are divided into three parts and constitute, its heat transfer working media is 10 grams for supercritical fluid CO2, and NH3 is 30 grams, and the deformation class material of adding is: CaCl
26H
2O, 10 grams, phase transition temperature: 58 ℃, potential heat value: 250KJ/KG; Na
2SO
310H
2O (adding an amount of oxidation receives), 120 grams, phase transition temperature: 17-27 ℃, potential heat value: 246KJ/KG; The operating temperature of heat transfer element ,-10-180 ℃.Operating pressure: 7.29-25MPa.The heat radiation that can be used for special dimension is used.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element, it is characterized in that: contain a cavity that can seal at least, and at least a working media (4), working medium loading carries out cavity behind the cavity that can seal airtight, and the liquid volume sum of the working media of institute's can is no more than all cavity volumes;
At least a portion of cavity is heat absorbing end (1), another part at least of cavity is release end of heat (2), heat transfer element absorbs heat from heat absorbing end (1), emit heat from release end of heat (2), when the cavity working media is in subcritical and/or during supercriticality, because overcritical working media is in critical point and/or intend having lower thermal diffusivity and higher coefficient of thermal expansion near the critical point, supercritical fluid mainly is delivered to release end of heat (2) with heat from heat absorbing end with the form of heat wave in inside cavity, realizes the transmission of heat energy.
2, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: working media (4) is following at least a kind of or its mixture: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, oxygen, freon, hydrocarbon, methyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, cyclohexane, decahydronaphthalenes, carbon tetrachloride, paraxylene, toluene, meta-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, ortho-xylene, carbon disulfide, australene, tetrahydronaphthalene, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, butyl oxide, propionic acid, trichloro-ethylene, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl formate, butyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, amyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, oxolane, sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl formate, methyl formate, the 2-picoline, the 1-octanol, dichloroethanes, the 1-enanthol, methyl cyclohexanone, the 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl cyclohexanol, pyridine, pyridine, phenmethylol, the 1-hexanol, the 2-amylalcohol, the 1-amylalcohol, cyclohexanone, the 2-butanols, cyclohexanol, the 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol, nitroethane, 1, the 2-propane diols, 1, ammediol, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, quinoline, betaine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, formamide, dimethyl formamide, naphthalene, conduction oil, biphenyl, Dowtherm, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrogen fluorine carbide, perfluorinated hydrocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride.
Preferred overcritical heat transfer medium is helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freon, hydrocarbon, methyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, water, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs.Preferred greenhouse gases are that postcritical heat transfer medium is: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrogen fluorine carbide, perfluorinated hydrocarbon, sulfur hexafluoride.
3, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be the augmentation of heat transfer ability, also add the augmentation of heat transfer material in working media, the augmentation of heat transfer material is a following at least class material:
A, particulate species material, the weight ratio of working media and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～5000;
B, phase transformation class material, the weight ratio of working media and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～8000.
4, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cavity that can seal be at least following a kind of cavity:
A, contain a tree (6) at least;
B, contain a ring (7) at least;
C, contain a network (8) at least.
5, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of the cavity that can seal is following a kind of:
A, metal object;
B, nonmetal thing;
C, metal and nonmetallic compound.
6, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of the cavity that can seal or height are: 0.01 nanometer～100 meter.
7, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1 is characterized in that: inner surface and/or outer surface at cavity also are provided with following at least a kind of material:
A, anti-corrosion material (9);
The material (10) of B, increase heat conductivility.
8, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the inner surface of cavity is provided with anticorrosive coat, for the cavity of carbon steel class material, portion adopts zinc-plated or aluminizes and carries out anticorrosionly within it, preferably adds rare earth material in zinc or aluminium simultaneously.
9, a kind of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element according to claim 1 is characterized in that: appearance and/or cavity inner surface at heat transfer element are provided with fin.
10, a kind of working medium loading method of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element is characterized in that: select one of following method can working media at least:
A, liquid state or solid-state can: working media is kept liquid or solid-state, simultaneously cavity is also remained on close temperature or normal temperature, liquid or solid-state working media directly are filled to cavity inside, realize the can of working media;
B, gaseous state can: working media is kept gaseous state, cavity is in the same or analogous temperature of environment temperature, and at least one can hole and/or can valve (5) be set on cavity, working media by can hole or filling valve goalkeeper gaseous state directly is filled to cavity inside, realizes the can of working media; Its preferred can valve is a check valve.
C, vacuum filling: at least one filling tube and/or can valve (5) are set on cavity, at first utilize vaccum-pumping equipment that cavity is vacuumized, after reaching the vacuum of setting, by filling tube and/or can valve (5) working medium loading is arrived cavity inside, then can hole and/or can shape valve are carried out airtightly, realize the can of working media.
11, a kind of cavity airtight method of supercritical heat waves heat-transfer element is characterized in that: select one of following manner to carry out airtight to cavity at least:
A, working media is encased in the inside cavity that can seal after, carry out again inside cavity is carried out exhaust, the unnecessary gas of inside cavity is discharged to the cavity outside, keep the degree of purity of cavity gas inside to carry out airtight;
B, inside cavity is vacuumized, with the unnecessary air scavenge of inside cavity and after forming certain vacuum, working media is encased in inside cavity after, carry out cavity airtight.
C, be encased in behind the cavity working media directly airtight.
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