CN101284984A - Ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method and heat-transferring medium - Google Patents
Ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method and heat-transferring medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a supercritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer method and a heat transfer medium. The method is to add an auxiliary phase change heat transfer material to a basic heat transfer medium, so as to ensure that: when no phase change heat transfer is carried out in the working temperature range of the basic heat transfer medium, the auxiliary phase change heat transfer material carries out phase change heat transfer; when the basic heat transfer medium carries out phase change heat transfer, the auxiliary phase change heat transfer material carries out phase change heat transfer at the phase change temperature lower than a basic phase change heat transfer medium. The method and the medium can realize the integral thermal control and thermal management on heat transfer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for utilizing supercutical fluid to conduct heat, and the strong heat-transfer medium of a kind of ultra supercritical, conduct heat efficiently realizing by in the overcritical heat-transfer medium in basis, adding auxiliary overcritical heat-transfer medium.
Background technology
Utilizing heat transfer is modal a kind of heat transfer type, promptly utilizes heat-transfer medium to absorb heat at the thermal source place, and makes the heat-transfer medium behind the absorption heat emit heat in heat-releasing apparatus or release end of heat, arrives the purpose of conducting heat.Heat-transfer medium is as a kind of fluid, flows in airtight, sealing or semi-enclosed system.This heat transfer type is widely used in industrial circle and civilian, the industrial equipments.
Heat transfer process comprises transmission, exchange, collection, storage, application, the control of the heat of heat exchange, thermal-arrest, heat radiation, accumulation of heat, all processes of management, and in the present invention, the notion of heat transfer comprises above-described all processes.
In heat transfer process, whether there is phase transformation to take place according to heat-transfer medium, can be divided into the heat transfer that phase transformation is arranged, for example in air-conditioning, heat pump, adopt fluorine Lyons or ammonia, alkane, water etc. as heat-transfer medium, heat-transfer medium absorbs heat from the external world in vaporizer, be changed to gaseous state by liquid state, then through behind equipment such as compressor, throttling valve or the pump adjusting pressure, in condenser, emit heat, realize thermal control or heat management by the gaseous state liquefy.Heat-transfer medium has phase transformation to take place in heat absorption and exothermic process in this process, belongs to phase-change heat transfer.Equally, in the adopting heat pipes for heat transfer process, the heat-transfer medium in the heat pipe becomes gaseous state in heat absorbing end by liquid state and absorbs heat, then emits heat by the gaseous state liquefy at release end of heat, also belongs to phase-change heat transfer.Also have, in industrial heat exchange (heat up, cool off) process or in the civil heating process,, then have phase transformation at heat-exchange equipment if use vapour heating; If water or other fluid are as heat-transfer medium, usually change in biography and do not have phase transition process in the process, belong to non-phase-change heat transfer, as the high-temperature water in the scatterer that in the civil heating process, is passed into building and family, or in engine-cooling system, in the electronic device cooling system, and be used for machine oil of cooling apparatus etc. in the mechanical means, fluid commonly used circulates heat is delivered to the purpose that outside atmosphere reaches thermal control or heat management, and used heat-transfer medium is that fluid can be the mixture of liquid, gas or gas-liquid and boiling state.
In space flight and military product, the heat transfer property requirement higher than general industry product arranged, particularly the precision to thermal control has higher requirement, though the field of the application of related product is different, the requirement of the thermal control heat management that it is whole is higher.
In general the purpose of heat exchange is that heat is exchanged or temperature is carried out thermal control or heat management, usually, the heat flux size of heat exchange is subjected to the heat interchanging area of heat-exchange equipment, thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and the flow of heat-transfer medium, the thermal resistance of heat transfer, the influence of heat transfer temperature difference.Usually, in general heat-transfer system, the area of heat-exchange equipment is a fixed parameter, the thermal conductivity of heat-transfer medium, thermal capacity also are certain, thermal control or heat management realize by the internal circulating load that changes heat-transfer medium that often also the working pressure by control evaporation equipment and condensing equipment carries out thermal control or heat management adjusting in systems such as heat pump or air-conditioning.
Supercutical fluid (SCF) refers to that thermodynamic state is in " stagnation point " above fluid; Promptly at critical temperature and the fluid more than the emergent pressure, supercutical fluid has the dual nature of liquids and gases concurrently, and density is big, spread coefficient is big, viscosity is little, good penetrability; Extremely responsive with the variation of temperature and pressure near the physicochemical properties of fluid stagnation point with near temperature physicochemical properties of fluid stagnation point, extremely responsive in the variation that does not change chemical group and pressure, under the condition that does not change chemical constitution, can regulate fluid properties by pressure.Supercritical fluid technology from last century supercritical fluid technology begin the fine dew age from the seventies in last century and begin to show up prominently, with its environmental protection, the easily super brilliance of significant advantage such as efficient, easily surmount conventional art with its environmental protection, significant advantage such as efficient, rapid permeability is to conventional art, be penetrated into numerous areas such as extracting and separating, petroleum extn separation, petrochemical complex, chemical engineering, Materials science, biotechnology chemical industry, chemical engineering, Materials science, biotechnology and medicine, environmental engineering, nanotechnology, and become one of dominating of these field development.Yet the research of the heat transfer property of supercutical fluid only limits to it is studied as a kind of fluid, as a kind of fluid, adopts extraneous specific pump to provide power, the fluid heat transferring of realizing;
In October, 1985, the unexpected discovery during Nitsche and Straub once test in space shuttle, fluidic main flow temperature changes very fast with wall temperature, system is tending towards the time required far below original estimation used time of thermal equilibrium, note the heat transfer process of this moment, heat conduction is very faint, convection current is suppressed, radiation can be ignored, but heat energy is still passed to main flow from wall quickly, so containing a kind of new heat-transfer mechanism here, after this, some experiments have successively confirmed the heat transfer phenomenon that this is unusual, and this heat transfer phenomenon is called as piston effect, Zappoli points out " piston effect comes down to a kind of thermoacoustic effect ", is heat conduction, the 4th kind of heat-transfer mechanism beyond convection current and the radiation.
Supercutical fluid has a lot of special nature, particularly its stagnation point and near, possess very high heat-transfer capability, thereby utilize the heat-transfer capability of supercutical fluid to realize conducting heat efficiently, be a kind of problem that extensively is studied.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultra-supercritical strengthening heat-transferring method, by in a kind of supercutical fluid, adding another supercutical fluid, make the supercutical fluid that combines have plural super facing a little at least, constitute heat-transfer medium with dual at least supercutical fluid, be called the ultra supercritical fluid, utilize the ultra supercritical fluid of forming to realize the heat transfer of new form and the target of thermal control and heat management.In the ultra supercritical fluid, add phase change material or particulate species material and strengthen the ultra supercritical fluid simultaneously, make it possess higher heat transfer property.
Another object of the present invention is a kind of ultra supercritical fluid heat transfer medium of invention, and makes it possess the heat-transfer medium of enhancement of heat transfer ability by adding fortification substance.
Stagnation point herein also comprises subcritical point, and stagnation point and subcritical point are commonly referred to as stagnation point usually, and in this article, all stagnation point equally also comprise subcritical point.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of ultra-supercritical strengthening heat-transferring method, add auxiliary supercutical fluid in basic supercutical fluid, the combination supercutical fluid that constitutes has plural at least super critical point, make supercutical fluid in different temperature ranges, has dual or multiple super critical point, by a plurality of surpassing facing node, realize utilizing supercutical fluid to conduct heat.
In basic supercutical fluid, add auxiliary supercutical fluid material, be called ultra supercritical logistics body.
The overcritical heat-transfer medium in described basis can be any supercutical fluid that can be used in heat transfer, generally speaking, supercutical fluid, auxiliary supercutical fluid is selected from following a kind of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons), methyl alcohol, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, naphthane, tetracol phenixin, p-Xylol, toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, o-Xylol, dithiocarbonic anhydride, α-Pai Xi, tetraline, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, dibutyl ether, propionic acid, trieline, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate; Butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, Isoamyl Acetate FCC, isoamyl formate, butylacetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, pentyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl-butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl-formiate; Methyl-formiate, 2-picoline, 1-octanol, ethylene dichloride, 1-enanthol, methylcyclohexanone, 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl-cyclohexanol, pyridine; Pyridine, phenylcarbinol, 1-hexanol, 2-amylalcohol, 1-amylalcohol, pimelinketone, 2-butanols, hexalin, 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol; Nitroethane, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, oil of mirbane, Nitromethane 99Min., quinoline, trimethyl-glycine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, methane amide, dimethyl formamide, sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, thermal oil, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm.
Preferred working medium is: carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons).
The overcritical material in basis with the weight ratio of auxiliary overcritical material is: 100: 1～500.
For enhancement of heat transfer, in the ultra supercritical fluid, also add following at least a kind of enhancement of heat transfer material:
A, particulate species material;
B, phase transformation class material;
The ratio of the enhancement of heat transfer material that adds is:
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
Described particulate matter can be metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle, the metallic particles thing can be metal, for example be in copper, iron, aluminium, zinc, steel, gold and silver, the tin particles one or more, so wherein better with higher its enhancement of heat transfer effect of the heat-transfer system of copper, aluminium; The metallic particles material can also be metal oxide, for example is in trimanganese tetroxide, cobalt oxide, tantalum oxide, Z 250, three zirconium whites, yttrium oxide, beryllium oxide, ytterbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, boron oxide, silicon oxide, the alumina particle one or more; The metallic particles thing can also be the salt particle, for example one or more in boric acid tungsten cadmium, potassium titanate, norbide, strontium yellow, lithium niobate, the dichromate (potassium bichromate, sodium dichromate 99).
The non-metallic particle thing can be plastic grain, glass particle, ceramic particle, sandstone particle; Wherein the sandstone particle can be selected SiO for use
2Or beryl.
Described auxiliary phase change material can be solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
Described liquid-gas phase transition material can be in sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, thermal oil, water, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm, acetone, ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane, nitrogen, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbon polymer, the carbonic acid gas one or more, but can not be identical with used basic heat transfer substance when specifically selecting for use.
Described solid-solid phase change material can be one or more the material in polyvalent alcohol, PE (tetramethylolmethane), PG (2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol), NPG (neopentyl glycol), TMP (trimethyl propane), TAM, inorganic salt, laminated perovskite, rhodan ammonium (NH4SCN), high molecular polymer, polymer cross-linked resin, graft copolymer, the polyethylene.
Described solid-liquid phase change material can for the halogenide of inorganic hydrated salt, paraffin, lipid acid, alkalies and alkaline earth, high temperature melt salt, mixing salt, one or more material in the metal, alloy, senior aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, many alkyl compounds.
Described inorganic hydrated salt can be in vitriol, phosphoric acid salt, carbonate, the acetate one or more.
Described high temperature melt salt can be in fluoride salt, muriate, nitrate, carbonate, the vitriol one or more.
Described many alkyl compounds can be in polyvalent alcohol, tetramethylolmethane, the neopentyl glycol one or more.
For particulate matter, the add-on in supercutical fluid, comprehensively each factor is considered, the weight ratio of working medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The auxiliary add-on of phase change material in supercutical fluid, the weight ratio of working medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
The present invention also provides a kind of supercritical strengthening heat-transfer medium, comprises basic fluidization heat-transfer medium and auxiliary fluidization heat transfer substance, within the working temperature interval of basic fluidization and auxiliary fluidized material, all in the gas stagnation point.Make fluid in the working temperature interval, possess plural at least stagnation point is arranged.
Because no matter be basic overcritical material or auxiliary overcritical material, itself all belongs to overcritical material, so both can adopt arbitrary proportion, but for obtaining better heat-transfer effect,
The overcritical heat-transfer medium in basis is 1: 1～500 with the weight ratio of auxiliary overcritical hot material, makes it possible to give full play of the effect of heterogeneous heat transfer.
The overcritical heat-transfer medium in described basis can be any supercutical fluid that can be used in heat transfer, generally speaking, supercutical fluid, auxiliary supercutical fluid is selected from following a kind of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons), methyl alcohol, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, naphthane, tetracol phenixin, p-Xylol, toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, o-Xylol, dithiocarbonic anhydride, α-Pai Xi, tetraline, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, dibutyl ether, propionic acid, trieline, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate; Butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, Isoamyl Acetate FCC, isoamyl formate, butylacetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, pentyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl-butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl-formiate; Methyl-formiate, 2-picoline, 1-octanol, ethylene dichloride, 1-enanthol, methylcyclohexanone, 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl-cyclohexanol, pyridine; Pyridine, phenylcarbinol, 1-hexanol, 2-amylalcohol, 1-amylalcohol, pimelinketone, 2-butanols, hexalin, 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol; Nitroethane, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, oil of mirbane, Nitromethane 99Min., quinoline, trimethyl-glycine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, methane amide, dimethyl formamide, sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, thermal oil, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm.
Preferred working medium is: carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons).
The overcritical material in basis with the weight ratio of auxiliary overcritical material is: 1: 1～500.
For enhancement of heat transfer, in the ultra supercritical fluid, also add following at least a kind of enhancement of heat transfer material:
A, particulate species material;
B, phase transformation class material;
The ratio of the enhancement of heat transfer material that adds is:
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
Described particulate matter can be metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle, the metallic particles thing can be metal, for example be in copper, iron, aluminium, zinc, steel, gold and silver, the tin particles one or more, so wherein better with higher its enhancement of heat transfer effect of the heat-transfer system of copper, aluminium; The metallic particles material can also be metal oxide, for example is in trimanganese tetroxide, cobalt oxide, tantalum oxide, Z 250, three zirconium whites, yttrium oxide, beryllium oxide, ytterbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, boron oxide, silicon oxide, the alumina particle one or more; The metallic particles thing can also be the salt particle, for example one or more in boric acid tungsten cadmium, potassium titanate, norbide, strontium yellow, lithium niobate, the dichromate (potassium bichromate, sodium dichromate 99).
The non-metallic particle thing can be plastic grain, glass particle, ceramic particle, sandstone particle; Wherein the sandstone particle can be selected SiO for use
2Or beryl.
Described auxiliary phase change material can be solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
Described liquid-gas phase transition material can be in sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, thermal oil, water, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm, acetone, ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane, nitrogen, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbon polymer, the carbonic acid gas one or more, but can not be identical with used basic heat transfer substance when specifically selecting for use.
Described solid-solid phase change material can be one or more the material in polyvalent alcohol, PE (tetramethylolmethane), PG (2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol), NPG (neopentyl glycol), TMP (trimethyl propane), TAM, inorganic salt, laminated perovskite, rhodan ammonium (NH4SCN), high molecular polymer, polymer cross-linked resin, graft copolymer, the polyethylene.
Described solid-liquid phase change material can for the halogenide of inorganic hydrated salt, paraffin, lipid acid, alkalies and alkaline earth, high temperature melt salt, mixing salt, one or more material in the metal, alloy, senior aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, many alkyl compounds.
Described inorganic hydrated salt can be in vitriol, phosphoric acid salt, carbonate, the acetate one or more.
Described high temperature melt salt can be in fluoride salt, muriate, nitrate, carbonate, the vitriol one or more.
Described many alkyl compounds can be in polyvalent alcohol, tetramethylolmethane, the neopentyl glycol one or more.
For particulate matter, the add-on in supercutical fluid, comprehensively each factor is considered, the weight ratio of working medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The auxiliary add-on of phase change material in supercutical fluid, the weight ratio of working medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
Ultra-supercritical strengthening heat-transferring method of the present invention and heat-transfer medium can be applied to all employing fluids such as industrial system or building and heating, engine cool, air conditioner refrigerating, computer radiator, electronic equipment dissipating heat, renewable energy source and sun power utilization, super critical boiler and ultra-supercritical boiler system and conduct heat and adopt among the heat transfer of the heat transfer element that the intravital working medium in chamber of a sealing conducts heat.
Both can be applied to also can be used in the cavity of a semi closed or sealing in the airtight cavity.
In a heat transfer process that adopts heat-transferring method of the present invention and heat-transfer medium, the overcritical heat-transfer medium in basis reaches after the stagnation point, being in postcritical state conducts heat, when heat energy increases, the heat-transfer capability deficiency of the overcritical heat-transfer medium on basis, the temperature of supercritical heat transfer fluid will rise, temperature raises and makes auxiliary overcritical heat-transfer medium begin to carry out subcritical point and progress into stagnation point, and the ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium begins to enter into second stagnation point and begins to conduct heat.Supercutical fluid has high heat-transfer capability near stagnation point or stagnation point, the present invention utilizes the character of supercutical fluid just, makes a plurality of stagnation point and makes and possess the sustainable high efficiency heat-transfer capability.
In the ultra supercritical fluid, add the particulate species material, can conduct heat by the enhanced supercritical fluidic.Add phase transformation class material, it is absorbed heat at heat absorbing part, and the heat absorption material begins phase-transition heat-storage after absorbing heat energy, after this phase change material enters into release end of heat, phase change material discharges heat energy and carries out heat release, has realized that the liquid-gas phase transition principle that adopts liquid-solid grade to be different from heat pipe conducts heat.This kind heat transfer has been carried out adjusting and equilibrium to high temperature and cryogenic fluctuation simultaneously, make and in heat transfer process, possess uniform heat-transfer capability, particularly at the field of Application of Solar Energy, because sun power is the thermal source of a fluctuation, the utilization that is utilized as sun power of the thermal source that changes has brought difficulty, adopt the present invention to realize heat energy is carried out samming and constant, can solve the problem of utilizing of sun power effectively.In addition, heating that this kind heat transfer can also be applied to build and refrigeration are utilized electricity price lattice poor on night and daytime, are implemented in and utilize the phase change material heat energy storage night, discharge by day.The balance working medium is in the working temperature of different operation intervals, thereby realization is to the thermal control or the heat management of the integral body of heat transfer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment ultra supercritical heat-transferring method of the present invention and heat-transfer medium are described further, to help understanding content of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The suitable Application Areas of the overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium that present embodiment relates to is: building heating, engine cool, electron device liquid cooling, machinery, the control of medical facilities temperature, space flight, military affairs.
Overcritical heat transfer working medium is formed:
The overcritical heat-transfer medium in basis:
Carbonic acid gas, 500 grams; 31.3 ℃ of critical temperatures, emergent pressure 7.29MPa,
Auxiliary overcritical heat-transfer medium:
Sulfur hexafluoride, 1000 grams; 45 ℃ of critical temperatures, emergent pressure 3.76MPa;
Overcritical heat transfer working medium job specification:
Working temperature interval: 30-120 ℃, operating pressure interval: 3-15MPa.
In the present embodiment, carbonic acid gas at first is in supercritical state, at this moment, sulfur hexafluoride is in subcritical state, after temperature continuation rise reached 45 degree, sulfur hexafluoride also was in supercritical state, thereby, form the ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium, at two supercritical temperature points of 31 degree and 45 degree, supercutical fluid possesses high heat transfer property, thereby, than a kind of supercutical fluid, possesses higher heat transfer property.
In above supercutical fluid, also add the material of following enhancement of heat transfer:
Embodiment 1.1
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance that adds: be the liquid-gas phase transition material, be methyl alcohol and alcoholic acid mixture.
Methyl alcohol: 30, vaporization temperature is: 64.7 ℃;
Ethanol: 40, vaporization temperature is: 78.3 ℃;
The enhancement of heat transfer material that adds, when overcritical material reaches stagnation point on the basis, methyl alcohol, ethanol are atomized into the mist pearl, in overcritical material, carry out enhancement of heat transfer, methanol gasifying when temperature reaches 64.7 ℃ conducts heat with the form of phase transformation, after temperature reaches 78.3 ℃, the ethanol gasification, thus conduct heat with phase-change heat transfer and overcritical bonded form.
Embodiment 1.2
The phase change material that adds is: the solid-solid phase change material is auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance,
2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol (PG): 120 grams, transformation temperature: 81.76 ℃, enthalpy of transition: 172.458J/G;
Heat-transferring method is: in the ultra supercritical fluid, add the solid-solid phase change material as auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance, when being heated to 81.76 ℃, PG begins the phase transformation of absorbing heat, behind condensation end, when temperature is lower than 81.76 ℃, begin heat release, thereby realize utilizing the heat transfer of solid-solid phase change;
Embodiment 1.3
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance that adds is: solid-liquid (liquid-solid) phase change material,
Sodium acetate trihydrate: 700 grams, 58.2 ℃ of transformation temperatures, Heat of fusion 250.8J/G,
AL (NO
3)
39H
2The O:80 gram, 90 ℃ of transformation temperatures, Heat of fusion 135.9J/G
Trimethylolethane: 100 grams, 80 ℃ of transformation temperatures, Heat of fusion 309J/G
Utilize the different transformation temperature of three kinds of phase change materials, carry out the release of temperature, finish the heat transfer of phase transformation in different transformation temperatures;
The particulate species enhancement of heat transfer material that adds:
The particulate matter that adds is: granularity is copper 100 grams of 0.001mm, cupric oxide 30 grams that granularity is 0.01mm, aluminium 1000 grams that granularity is 0.3mm.
Embodiment 2
The field that the overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium that relates in the present embodiment is suitable for comprises: engine cool, machinery, medical facilities thermal control, space flight, military affairs.
Basis heat-transfer medium: machine oil, working temperature, 10-200 ℃, pressure, normal barometric pressure
Embodiment 2.1
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is the solid-solid phase change material, and the volume ratio of overcritical each component of multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium is in the present embodiment:
Machine oil: 100 parts
Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 2 parts, 126 ℃ of transformation temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 157J/G, granularity 10nm (nanometer)
High density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE), 2.5 parts, 133 ℃ of transformation temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 212J/G, granularity 90nm (nanometer);
Adopt the overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer method of this overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium to be: at machine oil is in the working medium of basic heat transfer substance, add nonmetallic phase change material, make the non-metallic additive of nanometer, make it both can maintain the characteristic of the functional fluid of nano-substance, temperature by phase change material control machine oil is arranged, promptly increased its heat-transfer capability, increased the thermal control thermal management capabilities again, made engine when high temperature, can temperature be controlled at suitable temperature by phase-transition heat-storage.
Embodiment 2.2
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is solid-liquid (liquid-solid) phase change material, is LiNO
3(volume ratio 42%)+KNO
3(volume ratio 58%).
The volume ratio of overcritical each component of multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium is in the present embodiment:
Machine oil: 100 parts
LiNO
3(volume ratio 42%)+KNO
3(volume ratio 58%): 10 parts, 120 ℃ of transformation temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 151J/G;
Embodiment 3
The field that the overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium that relates in the present embodiment is suitable for: metallurgy, iron and steel, chemical industry waste heat recovery, engine exhaust heat reclaims, the control of electric mechanical device temperature, high temperature utilization in the sun power, overcritical power equipment, ultra supercritical electric power, equipment space flight, military affairs.
The overcritical working medium in basis:
Carbonic acid gas, 5000 grams; , 31.3 ℃ of critical temperatures, emergent pressure 7.29MPa.
Auxiliary overcritical working medium:
Water, 5000 grams, 374 ℃ of critical temperatures, emergent pressure 22MPa.
The work area of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium:
Working temperature: 30-600 ℃, operating pressure: 7-50MPa,
Embodiment 3.1
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: the solid-solid phase change material
Pure polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG): 100 grams, transformation temperature: 328 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 185J/G
High density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE): 500 grams, transformation temperature: 133 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 212J/G
This ultra supercritical material working temperature is suitable for changing in 30-600 ℃, when the heating temperature is lower than 133 ℃, rely on high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) to carry out phase-change heat transfer, when the fire end temperature is lower than 328 ℃, rely on pure polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG) to carry out phase-change heat transfer, its release end of heat temperature is lower than 133 ℃, can realize so that guarantee phase-change heat transfer.
The particulate species material that adds:
It is glass microballon particle 554 grams of 0.1-10mm and copper 1522 grams that granularity is 1-10mm that particulate matter adopts granularity.
Embodiment 3.2
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance that adds is: solid-liquid (liquid-solid) phase change material,
The LiCl-KCl:100 gram, transformation temperature: 352 ℃, Heat of fusion 117.8J/G
NaCl-NaNO
3: 300 grams, transformation temperature: 290 ℃, Heat of fusion 247J/G
LiNO
3-KNO
3: 500 grams, transformation temperature: 120 ℃, Heat of fusion 151J/G
Embodiment 4
Application Areas: refrigeration air-conditioner, heat pump, building heating, sun power utilization, waste heat recovery, space flight, military affairs etc.
Overcritical and the auxiliary overcritical material in basis is:
| The overcritical working medium in basis | Weight (gram) | Critical temperature ℃ | Emergent pressure bar |
| R13 | 500 | 28.8 | 39.0 |
| Auxiliary overcritical working medium | |||
| R134a | 600 | 101.1 | 4.067 |
| Ammonia | 500 | 132 | 11.28 |
| The ultra supercritical fluid working medium | Working temperature ℃ | Operating pressure bar | |
| Gross weight | 1600 | 10-150 | 4-50 |
Embodiment 4.1
The phase change material that adds: the liquid-gas phase transition material is as auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance, and this auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is made up of F11, F22.
F22,100 grams, 31 ℃ of normal boiling points.
Embodiment 4.2
The solid-liquid phase change material that adds is:
CaCl
26H
2O, 130 grams, transformation temperature: 58 ℃, potential heat value: 250KJ/KG
Na
2SO
310H
2O (adding an amount of oxidation receives), 230 grams, transformation temperature: 17-27 ℃, potential heat value: 246KJ/KG
Heat-transferring method is: two kinds of phase change materials are fabricated to particulate matter respectively, and it is wrapped up with capsule, add in the basic overcritical heat-transfer medium Na in process of refrigeration
2SO
310H
2O (adding an amount of oxidation receives) realizes the refrigerating phase transformation for auxiliary phase change material, in heat supplying process, adopts CaCl
26H
2O is a phase change material, realizes auxiliary phase-change heat transfer, and the material that adds two kinds of compositions will improve cooling and heating round-robin overall efficiency.
Embodiment 5
Application Areas: in heat pipe, closed cavity, the airtight cavity;
Comprise: heat-pipe radiator, hot tube heat exchanger, heat pipe collector, heat pipe heat accumulation device, pulse heat pipe, circulating heat pipe, Curved heat pipe, complicated heat pipe, space flight, military affairs
Overcritical heat-transfer medium in basis and auxiliary overcritical heat-transfer medium:
| Supercutical fluid | Weight (gram) | Critical temperature ℃ | Emergent pressure bar |
| CO 2 | 500 | 31.3 | 72.9 |
| NH 3 | 300 | 132.3 | 111.3 |
Overcritical heat transfer working medium job specification:
Working temperature interval: 30-200 ℃, operating pressure interval: 7-20MPa.
Embodiment 5.1
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: ethanol and acetone.
Acetone: 300 grams, 56 ℃ of normal boiling points
Ethanol: 400 grams, 78 ℃ of normal boiling points
The particulate species material that adds is:
The particulate matter that adds is:
Copper 500 grams of granularity 0.0001-10mm,
Aluminium 300 grams of granularity: 0.001-10mm,
Glass particle 400 grams of granularity 0.0001-10mm.
Embodiment 5.2
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: the solid-solid phase change material
AMP, 200 grams, transition temperature: 56.96 ℃, enthalpy of transition 114KJ/KG;
PG30%+NPG70% (binary system structure): 50 grams, transition temperature: 40-81 ℃, enthalpy of transition 27-85KJ/KG
In the overcritical heat-transfer medium in the present embodiment, its main auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is PG30%+NPG70% (a binary system structure), it has the phase transition temperature interval of broad, but at its special temperature spot, target selection according to the thermal control of system is not higher than 60 ℃, thereby absorption that can heat is a large amount of when adopting AMP to make the temperature of system reach near 60 ℃, make the target of thermal control of system to realize.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method, it is characterized in that: in a kind of basic supercutical fluid, add at least a auxiliary supercutical fluid again, auxiliary supercutical fluid is in basic supercutical fluid working process, be in subcritical or supercritical state, make supercutical fluid have plural super critical point at least.
2, ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: supercutical fluid, auxiliary supercutical fluid is selected from following a kind of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons), methyl alcohol, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, naphthane, tetracol phenixin, p-Xylol, toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, o-Xylol, dithiocarbonic anhydride, α-Pai Xi, tetraline, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, dibutyl ether, propionic acid, trieline, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate; Butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, Isoamyl Acetate FCC, isoamyl formate, butylacetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, pentyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl-butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl-formiate; Methyl-formiate, 2-picoline, 1-octanol, ethylene dichloride, 1-enanthol, methylcyclohexanone, 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl-cyclohexanol, pyridine; Pyridine, phenylcarbinol, 1-hexanol, 2-amylalcohol, 1-amylalcohol, pimelinketone, 2-butanols, hexalin, 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol; Nitroethane, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, oil of mirbane, Nitromethane 99Min., quinoline, trimethyl-glycine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, methane amide, dimethyl formamide.
Preferred working medium is: carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons).
3, ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: basic overcritical material with the weight ratio of auxiliary overcritical material is: 100: 1～500.
4, ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also add following at least a kind of enhancement of heat transfer material in the ultra supercritical fluid:
A, particulate species material;
B, phase transformation class material;
5, ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transferring method as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists: the ratio of the enhancement of heat transfer material of adding is:
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
6, a kind of ultra-supercritical strengthening fluid heat-transfer medium, comprise basic overcritical material, it is characterized in that: also be added with auxiliary overcritical material in the overcritical material in basis, auxiliary supercutical fluid is in subcritical or supercritical state in basic supercutical fluid working process.
7, overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: basic overcritical material with the weight ratio of auxiliary overcritical material is: 100: 1～500.
8, overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: supercutical fluid, helping supercutical fluid selects from following a kind of: helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons), methyl alcohol, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, pentane, hexane, heptane, butane, ethane, octane, pentamethylene, hexanaphthene, naphthane, tetracol phenixin, p-Xylol, toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, o-Xylol, dithiocarbonic anhydride, α-Pai Xi, tetraline, diethyl carbonate, butyric acid, dibutyl ether, propionic acid, trieline, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl butyrate; Butyl butyrate, ether, propyl butyrate, butyl propionate, pentyl acetate, chloroform, Isoamyl Acetate FCC, isoamyl formate, butylacetate, ethyl butyrate, propyl propionate, chlorobenzene, pentyl formate, ethyl propionate, methyl-butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), sec-n-octyl alcohol, methyl-formiate; Methyl-formiate, 2-picoline, 1-octanol, ethylene dichloride, 1-enanthol, methylcyclohexanone, 3-amylalcohol, ethyl lactate, methyl-cyclohexanol, pyridine; Pyridine, phenylcarbinol, 1-hexanol, 2-amylalcohol, 1-amylalcohol, pimelinketone, 2-butanols, hexalin, 1-butanols, furfuryl alcohol, butanone, propyl alcohol, acetone, ethanol; Nitroethane, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1, ammediol, oil of mirbane, Nitromethane 99Min., quinoline, trimethyl-glycine, ethylene glycol, glycerine, furfural, formic acid, water, methane amide, dimethyl formamide, sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, thermal oil, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm.
Preferred working medium is: carbonic acid gas, nitrogen peroxide, freonll-11 (halohydrocarbon), hydrocarbon polymer (hydro carbons).
9, overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
In the ultra supercritical fluid, also add following at least at least a enhancement of heat transfer material:
A, particulate species material;
B, phase transformation class material;
10, overcritical multiphase enhanced heat transfer medium as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the ratio of the enhancement of heat transfer material of adding is:
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and particulate species material is: 1: 0.001～500;
The weight ratio of ultra supercritical heat-transfer medium and phase transformation class material is: 1: 0.001～800.
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| CN102982852A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 葛永乐 | Heat pipe radiator used for spent fuel pools of nuclear power plants |
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| CN102982852A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 葛永乐 | Heat pipe radiator used for spent fuel pools of nuclear power plants |
| CN105916966A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-31 | 泰拉能源公司 | Method and system for performing thermochemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstock to reaction product |
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| CN110328456B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-06-18 | 东莞理工学院 | High-power laser cutting machine cooling system |
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