CN101269394B - Hollow rack and manufacturing method, hollow rack end diameter reducing method and apparatus - Google Patents
Hollow rack and manufacturing method, hollow rack end diameter reducing method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101269394B CN101269394B CN200810085186XA CN200810085186A CN101269394B CN 101269394 B CN101269394 B CN 101269394B CN 200810085186X A CN200810085186X A CN 200810085186XA CN 200810085186 A CN200810085186 A CN 200810085186A CN 101269394 B CN101269394 B CN 101269394B
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Abstract
Method for reducing the diameter of an end portion on a cylindrical end side portion of a hollow bar, said hollow bar having on its other end side portion a rack formed with an end rack tool at both ends. In said bar, a depression is also provided between each end rack tooth and a corresponding adjoining portion of said end side portion having an inclined portion opposing the tooth side face of the corresponding end rack tooth and continuous to each of the both ends of the rack. First, the one end side portion is nipped by means of a jig including a jig member having a pair of convex portions which are to be fitted inside said depressions to position the bar, and a jig member which is to be clamped/opened with respect to the jig member; After that, a compression die having an inside diameter smaller than the diameter of the outer periphery is pressed onto the outer periphery of the end portion of the cylindrical end side portion projected from the jig up to a press-in depth M determined preliminarily based on the rack, so as to reduce the diameter of the end portion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used in the moving body hollow rack of the manipulation device of automobile for example, relate to end diameter reducing method and device that the diameter to the end of this ratch shrinks simultaneously with wheel as turning to ratch etc.In addition, the present invention relates to be used in the manufacture method and the hollow rack of the hollow rack in the employed tooth and pinion in the power steering gear etc. of automobile, particularly the ratch that can strengthen the end that is formed with the threaded portion.
The application advocates the priority of these patent applications based on the Japanese patent application of submitting on March 20th, 2007 2007-73625 number and Japanese patent application 2007-85678 number submitted on March 28th, 2007, and has quoted the full content of these patent applications in specification.
Background technology
In the past, known have following method and a device, promptly, by plug being inserted in the tubing that remains on the mould with patrix and counterdie, the method of the corresponding tooth of tooth mould of formation and patrix and device on tubing (for example, with reference to Japanese Patent Publication 62-16735 communique (～the 2 page of left hurdle of the 21st row, the 1st page of right hurdle the 29th row, the 1st Tu-the 4th figure)).
Utilize on the end of long side direction of hollow rack of this technology manufacturing to be formed with end difference, to improve assembling, the decomposability around the pull bar.
In Japanese Patent Publication 62-16735 communique (～the 2 page of left hurdle of the 21st row, the 1st page of right hurdle the 29th row, the 1st Tu-the 4th figure), form the concrete method and the not record of device of end difference about end at hollow rack.
There is following situation in end difference, that is, the undergauge of the periphery of situation by the end periphery machining of hollow rack being cut formation and the end by Drawing Die being pressed into hollow rack is processed situation about forming.Compare with the former method, the latter's method is comparatively good aspect the intensity reduction of the end that does not make hollow rack.
In addition, the length between end difference and the tooth bar is to stipulate according to the operating means of various automobiles.In order to reach such requirement, the present inventor carries out undergauge processing to the end of the other end side that is connected with a distolateral position one of the tooth bar that is formed with hollow rack, and it carried out in the following order in present stage.
At first, a distolateral position of hollow rack as the 1st machining benchmark, is cut thus in the center of the long side direction of tooth bar in the position of distance given size, form end face as the 2nd machining benchmark.Then, be benchmark and the distance of regulation at interval with this end face, set insertion depth with respect to the Drawing Die of the end of the other end side of hollow rack.Then, the periphery of the end of the other end side by Drawing Die being pressed on hollow rack comes undergauge processing is carried out in the end of other end side up to the position of this insertion depth.At this moment, use the support unit that joins with end face to bear to make the load of pushing that Drawing Die is pressed into as the 2nd machining benchmark.
Like this, for set to the end of the other end side of hollow rack carry out undergauge processing Drawing Die push the degree of depth, be benchmark with the end face that is positioned at a distolateral position of the hollow rack of the end opposition side of above-mentioned other end side.In such processing method,, therefore need the cost cost owing to must be that the 1st machining benchmark cuts a distolateral position of hollow rack with the center of the long side direction of ratch.
On the other hand, be used in the solid ratch of automobile power steering device, have tooth portion with pinion, and be formed with for the threaded portion that is connected with spherojoint in its end at pars intermedia.
Solid ratch is for example formed by the hollow material that modified materials such as S45C constitute.The S45C material hardness is Hv240～285, for the axial region that is positioned at pars intermedia, by after forming tooth portion through machining, heat-treats, and hardness can reach more than the Hv600.On the contrary, for the threaded portion that is positioned at the end is processed, and keep the hardness of material.
Figure 29 represents to replace solid ratch in recent years and the figure of an example of the hollow rack that develops.Hollow rack 200 has hollow axial region 201, and is formed with the tooth portion 202 of meshing with pinion (not shown) at the pars intermedia of this axial region 201, and its end 203 is provided with for the interior all screw threads 204 that are connected with spherojoint.In addition, among Figure 29 210 the expression be the cover that connects that is used for spherojoint 211 is connected in through periphery screw thread 212 end 203.
In addition, usually, known have the technology of hollow rack high-frequency heating and the technology (for example, with reference to Japanese kokai publication sho 63-297524 communique, Japanese kokai publication hei 6-264147 communique) that partly changes heat-treat condition.
There is following problem in above-mentioned plug ratch.That is, there is maximization to make the tendency that is input to the load increase of ratch and pinion from tire because of nearest automobile.Yet though axial region 201 can improve hardness by heat treatment, end 203 is in order to carry out screw thread processing thereby can't to improve hardness.Therefore, if carry out from the strength test (arrow K Figure 29) of the spherojoint 210 input load that is disposed at tyre side, the undercapacity of end 203 or interior all screw threads and cause screw thread lax then, and then the situation that spherojoint 210 comes off can appear as shown in figure 30.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and to reduce end diameter reducing method and the device and the hollow rack of hollow rack that the end of hollow rack is carried out the machining period of undergauge.
The end diameter reducing method of hollow rack of the present invention, it is that the hollow stem that is formed with tooth bar with a distolateral position is a processing object, the end diameter reducing method of the hollow rack that the end of the other end cylindraceous side of this hollow stem is attenuated, and above-mentioned hollow stem is at the rack tooth at these tooth bar two ends and followingly be formed with recess in abutting connection with between the position, this has in abutting connection with the position and the flank of these rack tooths oblique shape portion in opposite directions, and be connected with the two ends of above-mentioned tooth bar, utilize following anchor clamps that clamping is carried out at above-mentioned one distolateral position, these anchor clamps possess: have contact with above-mentioned flank and above-mentioned oblique shape portion and with chimeric a pair of protuberance of above-mentioned recess and the 1st clamp member that above-mentioned hollow stem is positioned; And the 2nd clamp member of carrying out mold closing, die sinking with respect to the 1st clamp member, afterwards, in periphery from the outstanding above-mentioned other end side of above-mentioned anchor clamps, Drawing Die with internal diameter littler than the diameter of this periphery, being pressed into above-mentioned tooth in the mode near above-mentioned anchor clamps is the position of the predefined compression distance of benchmark, this end is attenuated thus.
In addition, the end diameter reducing device of hollow rack of the present invention, it is that the hollow stem that is formed with tooth bar with a distolateral position is a processing object, the end diameter reducing method of the hollow rack that the end of the other end cylindraceous side of this hollow stem is attenuated, and above-mentioned hollow stem is at the rack tooth at these tooth bar two ends and followingly be formed with recess in abutting connection with between the position, this has in abutting connection with the position and the flank of these rack tooths oblique shape portion in opposite directions, and be connected with the two ends of above-mentioned tooth, possess: anchor clamps, its have contact with above-mentioned flank and above-mentioned oblique shape portion and with chimeric a pair of protuberance of above-mentioned recess and the 1st clamp member that above-mentioned hollow stem is positioned; And the 2nd clamp member of carrying out mold closing, die sinking with respect to the 1st clamp member, clamping above-mentioned one distolateral position releasably between this two clamp member; Drawing Die, it has the little internal diameter of diameter than the periphery of the end of above-mentioned other end side, and is pressed on removedly from the end periphery of the outstanding above-mentioned other end side of the above-mentioned anchor clamps of mold closing; And the mould driving mechanism, it moves back and forth this Drawing Die, and the end periphery of other end side that above-mentioned Drawing Die is pressed on above-mentioned hollow stem is up to being the predefined insertion depth of benchmark with above-mentioned tooth, and above-mentioned Drawing Die is pressed into state from this extracts.
In addition, hollow rack of the present invention is that at one end the side is formed with tooth, and the end that becomes the other end cylindraceous side is by the hollow rack of undergauge, be connected in above-mentioned tooth two ends in abutting connection with the position, be connected in above-mentioned tooth bar two ends in abutting connection with the position, has the flank oblique shape portion in opposite directions with the rack tooth at the two ends that are positioned at above-mentioned tooth bar, in the face of the impression of the recess between this oblique shape portion and the above-mentioned flank is formed at above-mentioned oblique shape portion.
End diameter reducing method and device according to hollow rack of the present invention, with engaging with the tooth of ratch and the anchor clamps that hollow rack positions being born the load that is pressed into that makes Drawing Die be pressed into hollow rack other end side, simultaneously owing to be that benchmark is set the insertion depth of Drawing Die with the tooth bar of the hollow rack that is positioned anchor clamps, therefore, can reduce the machining period that the end of hollow rack is carried out undergauge.
According to hollow rack of the present invention, can reduce the machining period that its end is carried out undergauge.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of keep the machining accuracy of the interior all screw threads that are formed at the end and prevent to lag behind break, increase the manufacture method and the hollow rack of the hollow rack of end intensity simultaneously.
A kind of manufacture method of hollow rack, it is that axial region has the tooth portion with pinion, and the inner peripheral surface of its end is formed with the manufacture method for the hollow rack of the threaded portion that is connected with spherojoint, possesses: the tooth portion that forms tooth portion at above-mentioned axial region forms operation; Carry out the straight-line hardening operation of high-frequency quenching in above-mentioned end; Carry out the 1st temperature end tempering process of the high frequency tempering of the 1st temperature in above-mentioned end; The screw thread manufacturing procedure, behind the 1st temperature tempering process, the interior Zhou Jinhang in above-mentioned end is used to form the screw thread processing of above-mentioned threaded portion; Carry out the tooth portion quenching process of high-frequency quenching in above-mentioned tooth portion; Carry out the axial region quenching process of high-frequency quenching at above-mentioned axial region; And in above-mentioned end, above-mentioned tooth portion and above-mentioned axial region the 2nd temperature tempering process that carries out the high frequency tempering of 2nd temperature lower than above-mentioned the 1st temperature.
A kind of manufacture method of hollow rack, it is that axial region has the tooth portion with pinion, and the inner peripheral surface of its end is formed with the manufacture method for the hollow rack of the interior all threaded portions that are connected with spherojoint, possesses: the tooth portion that forms tooth portion at above-mentioned axial region forms operation; Carry out the straight-line hardening operation of high-frequency quenching at above-mentioned end outer peripheral face; Carry out the 1st temperature tempering process of the high frequency tempering of the 1st temperature at above-mentioned end outer peripheral face; The screw thread manufacturing procedure, behind the 1st temperature tempering process, the interior Zhou Jinhang in above-mentioned end is used to form the screw thread processing of above-mentioned threaded portion; Carry out the tooth portion quenching process of high-frequency quenching in above-mentioned tooth portion; Carry out the axial region quenching process of high-frequency quenching at above-mentioned axial region; And in above-mentioned end, above-mentioned tooth portion and above-mentioned axial region the 2nd temperature tempering process that carries out the high frequency tempering of 2nd temperature lower than above-mentioned the 1st temperature.
A kind of manufacture method of hollow rack, it is that axial region has the tooth portion with pinion, and the inner peripheral surface of its end is formed with the manufacture method for the hollow rack of the interior all threaded portions that are connected with spherojoint, possesses: the tooth portion that forms tooth portion at above-mentioned axial region forms operation; The blind hole manufacturing procedure that begins to carry out blind hole processing and form recess from open side in the interior week of above-mentioned end; Lean on inboard position to be used to form the screw thread manufacturing procedure of the screw thread processing of above-mentioned threaded portion in the interior week of above-mentioned end and than above-mentioned recess; Openend in above-mentioned end carries out the straight-line hardening operation of high-frequency quenching; Carry out the 1st temperature tempering process of the high frequency tempering of the 1st temperature in above-mentioned end; Carry out the tooth portion quenching process of high-frequency quenching in above-mentioned tooth portion; Carry out the axial region quenching process of high-frequency quenching at above-mentioned axial region; And in above-mentioned end and above-mentioned axial region the 2nd temperature tempering process that carries out the high frequency tempering of 2nd temperature lower than above-mentioned the 1st temperature.
A kind of hollow rack, it possesses: be formed with the hollow shape axial region with the tooth portion of pinion; And the inner peripheral surface that is arranged at least one end of this axial region, and be formed with end for the threaded portion that is connected with spherojoint, the hardness of above-mentioned axial region is formed hardness height than above-mentioned end.
According to the present invention, kept the machining accuracy of the threaded portion that is formed at the end and prevented to lag behind and broken, can increase the intensity of end simultaneously.
Advantage of the present invention will disclose in ensuing explanation, and these advantages can partly clearly in explanation be seen, perhaps learnt in putting into practice process of the present invention.Advantage of the present invention can realize and obtains by the means next partly pointed out and device.
Description of drawings
The accompanying drawing of following that is combined in the specification and constitutes the part of specification has disclosed embodiments of the present invention, and the general description of these accompanying drawings and front and the detailed description one of back are used from explanation principle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of expression hollow rack.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of an example of the end diameter reducing device that manufacture method of the present invention is implemented in expression under the state of the anchor clamps die sinking of this device.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of an example of the end diameter reducing device that manufacture method of the present invention is implemented in expression under the state of the anchor clamps mold closing of this device.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view that manufacture method of the present invention is implemented in expression under the state of the end of ratch enforcement undergauge processing.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view that amplifies F5 portion in the presentation graphs 2.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view that amplifies F6 portion in the presentation graphs 2.
Fig. 7 amplifies mold closing the cutaway view in abutting connection with position that with an end of tooth hollow rack be connected that keep of expression by the end diameter reducing device of implementing manufacture method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 amplifies expression to be come hollow rack is carried out the cutaway view in abutting connection with the position that undergauge other end processing and tooth hollow rack is connected by the end diameter reducing device of implementing manufacture method of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that expression is incorporated with the gear of the hollow rack that one embodiment of the present invention relates to and the longitudinal sectional view of wanting portion of pinion.
Figure 10 is that this hollow rack of expression is wanted the longitudinal sectional view of portion.
Figure 11 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 11 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 12 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 12 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 13 is the flank end of this hollow rack of expression and the longitudinal sectional view of the screw thread manufacturing procedure of axle side end.
Figure 14 A is the longitudinal sectional view of the tooth portion heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 14 B is the longitudinal sectional view of the axial region heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 15 is the longitudinal sectional view of the heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 16 is the longitudinal sectional view of the hardness of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 17 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 17 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 18 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 18 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 19 is the flank end of this hollow rack of expression and the longitudinal sectional view of the screw thread manufacturing procedure of axle side end.
Figure 20 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the tooth portion of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 20 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the axial region of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 21 is the longitudinal sectional view of the heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 22 is the longitudinal sectional view of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 23 is the flank end of this hollow rack of expression and the longitudinal sectional view of the screw thread manufacturing procedure of axle side end.
Figure 24 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 24 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the flank end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 25 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 25 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of the axle side end of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 26 A is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the tooth portion of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 26 B is the longitudinal sectional view of heat treatment step (high-frequency quenching) of the axial region of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 27 is the longitudinal sectional view of the heat treatment step (high frequency tempering) of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 28 is the longitudinal sectional view of the hardness of this hollow rack of expression.
Figure 29 be represent in the past hollow rack and the side view of spherojoint.
Figure 30 be represent in the past hollow rack and the side view of the problem points of spherojoint.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1～Fig. 8 is the figure of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.Symbol 1 expression is the hollow hollow rack (hereinafter to be referred as ratch) that turns to the tooth axle and be used as the automobile power steering device among Fig. 1.This ratch 1 is at the two ends difference opening of central axis extending direction (to call in the following text axially).
Be formed with tooth bar 2 on the outer surface at the position of one end opening of close ratch 1.This tooth bar 2 is made a plurality of rack tooths along the axially-aligned of ratch 1.Tooth bar 2 is formed at the outer surface of processing wall portion, and this processing wall portion is with the material that makes ratch 1 by pressure processing that is pushes setting near the mode that the part of the tube wall of an end opening of steel pipe becomes tabular surface to the interior side direction of steel pipe and form.This tooth bar 2 forms by following process, promptly, at the 1st not shown mould with have between the 2nd mould of the tooth mould suitable an end of steel pipe with processing wall portion is carried out under the state of clamping with tooth bar 2, by being pressed into a plurality of plugs that vary in size in this steel pipe in turn, the wall that makes processing wall portion flows with the mode plasticity that the tooth mould from interior side direction the 2nd mould of steel pipe pushes, and then form.
Ratch 1 axially on, the position that is provided with beyond the position of tooth bar 2 is a cylindrical shape, though and the position that is formed with tooth bar 2 is that tubular is not a cylindrical shape.In this manual, ratch 1 axially on have a side of tooth bar 2 a distolateral position be called flank position 3, other end side is called a side 4.
The inner peripheral surface of the end 3a at flank position 3 is provided with internal thread 5.Axle side 4 is longer than flank position 3.The end 4a of axle side 4 is by undergauge, and side face is provided with internal thread 6 within it. Internal thread 5,6 is screwed into the end that spherojoint is installed on separately, and this spherojoint is to be used for ratch 1 is connected on the wheel of not shown automobile.The end 4a of axle side 4 processes the diameter dimension that forms hope by undergauge undergauge described later, with the internal thread 6 that can form the spherojoint that is fit to be mounted thereon.
Then, processing object that is the hollow stem 1A that uses in order to obtain above-mentioned ratch 1 described.As Fig. 2～shown in Figure 4, on hollow rack 1A, its end 3a, 4a are not carried out screw thread processing and end 4a do not carried out undergauge processing, but utilize the method for having stated to be formed with tooth bar 2 on the flank position 3 of this hollow rack 1A.
Shown in Fig. 6 waits, at the rack tooth 2a of an end of the tooth bar 2 of hollow stem 1A with connectedly be formed with recess 12 in abutting connection with between the position 11.11 parts that form above-mentioned end 3a in abutting connection with the position.This is the 11 flank 2as oblique shape 11a of portion in opposite directions that have with tooth bar 2a in abutting connection with the position.
Tiltedly the 11a of shape portion is connected with the root of tooth bar 2a via tabular surface 11b and arc surface 11c.Tabular surface 11b is connected with the root of tooth bar 2a, and arc surface 11c is connected with the oblique 11a of shape portion with tabular surface 11b.Preferably, be more than 25 ° by the folded angle θ of straight line A vertical and the oblique 11a of shape portion with tabular surface 11b.Preferably, the radius R of arc surface 11c is more than the 0.5mm.
Similarly, shown in Fig. 5 waits, at the rack tooth 2b of the other end of the tooth bar 2 of hollow stem 1A with connectedly be formed with recess 15 in abutting connection with between the position 14.14 parts that form above-mentioned end 4 in abutting connection with the position.This is the 14 flank 2bs oblique shape 14a of portion in opposite directions that have with tooth bar 2b in abutting connection with the position.
Tiltedly the 14a of shape portion is connected with the root of tooth bar 2b via tabular surface 14b and arc surface 14c.Tabular surface 14b is connected with the root of tooth bar 2b, and arc surface 14c is connected with the oblique 14a of shape portion with tabular surface 14b.Preferably, be more than 25 ° by the folded angle θ of straight line A vertical and the oblique 14a of shape portion with tabular surface 14b.Preferably, the radius R of arc surface 14c is more than the 0.5mm.
The end 4a of hollow stem 1A is carried out the end diameter reducing device 20 of the hollow rack of undergauge processing, possess anchor clamps 21, Drawing Die 31 and mould driving mechanism 35 as Fig. 2～shown in Figure 4.
Anchor clamps 21 possess as for example chuck counterdie 22 of the 1st clamp member and as for example chuck patrix 28 of the 2nd clamp member, also possess not shown mold closing mechanism simultaneously.
The counterdie 22 of chuck is fixed and forms positioning element 24 releasably is installed on lower die base 23.Lower die base 23 surface thereon is provided with locating slot 22a.Positioning element 24 is installed in the pars intermedia of the long side direction of locating slot 22.
Positioning element 24 is formed with protuberance 25 on its long side direction both ends.This a pair of protuberance 25 is provided with by the mode at the interval that equates with the space with a pair of recess 15 that is formed at hollow stem 1A, and upwards outstanding in locating slot 22a.Along with hollow stem 1A is located in locating slot 22a, these protuberances 25 are embedded in the formed recess 12,15 of two side positions of long side direction of tooth bar 2 of hollow stem 1A, and then hollow stem 1A is positioned anchor clamps 21.
As Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6, each protuberance 5 has: the 1st side 25a, and it does not join with the flank 2as of the tooth bar 2a that is positioned at tooth bar 2 ends or the flank 2bs of tooth bar 2b; With oblique shape 11a of portion or oblique the 2nd side 25b that joins of the 14a of shape portion; And cross over smooth front end face 25c between these two sides.The 1st side 25a does not join with flank 2as or 2bs, therefore tooth bar 2a, 2b is not out of shape because of protuberance 25.
The position that a pair of protuberance of positioning element 24 is 25 forms and this protuberance 25 relative recessed portions that dodge 26.This is dodged the 26c of portion and is set to: so that be held and be held at hollow stem 1A under the state of anchor clamps 21, except protuberance 25, tooth bar 2 can not collided with positioning element 24.
Chuck patrix 28 carries out mold closing and die sinking by mold closing mechanism from the top with respect to chuck counterdie 22.These chuck patrix 28 its lower surfaces are provided with locating slot 28a.As shown in Figures 3 and 4, under the state of anchor clamps 21 mold closings, locating slot 22a, 28a are aimed at mutually and hollow stem 1A is carried out clamping from getting off.At this moment, the flank position 3 of hollow stem 1A that is formed with tooth bar 2 is by anchor clamps 21 clampings, and the major part of axle side 4 is flatly outstanding from the side 21a of anchor clamps 21.
Reducing film 31 be configured to hollow stem 1A from the outstanding side 21a of anchor clamps 21 in opposite directions.Drawing Die 31 possesses: die holder 32, and it has the through hole 32a of the band ladder of horizontal direction extension; And cylindric mould 33, it is located in the end difference 32b of through hole 32a and is fixed in the die holder 32.As shown in Figure 3, the internal diameter B of mould 33 is littler than the outer circumference diameter C of the end 4a of the axle side 4 of hollow stem 1A.In addition, for the inlet of mould 33, circumferentially have approaching face 33a continuously at inlet, this approaching face is used for end 4a is pressed into to periphery smoothly.
Drawing Die 31 moves by the direction of mould driving mechanism 35 at approaching, as to leave anchor clamps 21 side 21a.The drive source of mould driving mechanism 35 can use servo motor, but uses oil cylinder in the present embodiment.In addition, under the situation of using servo motor, can easily control Drawing Die 31.Therefore, can tackle at an easy rate: different and implement the length of undergauge on the 4a of end according to the length of hollow stem 1A, in other words, Drawing Die 31 is with respect to the variation of the insertion depth M of end 4a.
Then, to utilizing above-mentioned end diameter reducing device 20 that the order that the end 4a of hollow stem 1A carries out undergauge is carried out following explanation.
The STA representation of anchor clamps 21 die sinkings is in Fig. 2 etc.Under this state, chuck patrix 28 separates with the top of chuck counterdie 22 and disposes.Simultaneously, Drawing Die 31 is configured to: the side direction to anchor clamps 21 retreats and leaves and hollow stem 1A can be inserted the space that is fetched in the anchor clamps 21 from the side 21a side of anchor clamps 21.
Under this state, utilize not shown workpiece operating mechanism that the flank position 3 of hollow stem 1A is positioned anchor clamps 21.At this moment, hollow stem 1A is under the downward state at its tooth bar 2, is moved between chuck patrix 28 and the chuck counterdie 22, descends so that the locating slot 22a of chuck counterdie 22 is taken in and be supported in the bottom at flank position 3 then.Simultaneously, a pair of protuberance 25 of positioning element 24 is embedded in a pair of recess 12,15 that is provided with respectively on the long side direction two ends of tooth bar 2.
Thus, hollow stem 1A is located chuck counterdie 22 by transitory phase.Under this state, the major part of the axle side 4 of hollow stem 1A is outstanding from the side 21a of anchor clamps 21.In addition, follow this location, the end face of the end 3a at the flank position 3 of hollow stem 1A is configured to: for example the opposite side 21b with anchor clamps 21 is same, but flank position 3 can be outstanding from this another side 21b.
Then, close anchor clamps 21, the top at flank position 3 is received into the locating slot 28a of chuck patrix 28, and utilize chuck patrix 28 and chuck counterdie 22 from above-below direction clamping flank position 3.Anchor clamps 21 pent STA representations in Fig. 3.Along with mold closing, a pair of protuberance 25 inserts a pair of recess 12,15 chimeric with it respectively dearly.Thus, therefore the oblique shape 11a of portion of the 2nd side 25b of protuberance 25 and recess 12,15,14a crimping have strengthened above-mentioned location.
Along with this mold closing, utilize shown in Fig. 7 represents, tiltedly be formed with corresponding crimping vestige, just recessed impression P1 on the 14a of shape portion (11a) with the 2nd side 25b.In addition, tabular surface 11b, the 14b of the front end face 25c of protuberance 25 and no show recess 12,15.Therefore, along with forming plasticity, the part of the wall of the oblique shape 14a of portion of the formation of impression P1 (11a) flows, thus formation stepped portion Q1 between impression P1 and tabular surface 14b (11b).
Afterwards, make 35 actions of mould driving mechanism, and Drawing Die 31 is moved to the direction of the side 21a of close anchor clamps 21.Thus, the mould 33 of Drawing Die 31 is pressed into from the periphery of the end 4a of the axle side 4 that the anchor clamps 21 of hollow stem 1A are given prominence to, thereby this end 4a is tightened.Tighten at this and to add man-hour, the load that pushes that Drawing Die 31 affacts hollow stem 1A can be born by the protuberance 25 of anchor clamps 21.
As mentioned above, in carrying out the end diameter reducing device 20 of undergauge processing, the size of the each several part of anchor clamps 21 is known, and the center of long side direction of tooth bar 2 of hollow stem 1A that therefore navigates to these anchor clamps 21 as stating is also known.Therefore, after the length L of end 4a that will be from this center to undergauge is made as the value of regulation, can be with anchor clamps 21 or the tooth bar 2 that remains in the hollow stem 1A on these anchor clamps 21 as machining benchmark.Thus, can reach the insertion depth M of the end 4a of 31 relative sides of Drawing Die 4 by the servo motor of mould driving mechanism 35.
At last, Drawing Die 31 is moved to the direction away from anchor clamps 21, and the end 4a of Drawing Die 31 from axle side 4 extracted by mould driving mechanism 35.Then, open mould 21, utilize above-mentioned work transporting mechanism that hollow stem 1A is taken out, and then enter next undergauge processing.
In the undergauge processing of carrying out by above order, 1A positions to hollow stem, and is not to join by end 3a end face and support unit with hollow stem 1A, comes to bear the load that pushes that affacts hollow stem 1A with this support unit.Utilize the protuberance 25 of anchor clamps 21 to bear this load.Meanwhile, as the machining benchmark that is used for Drawing Die 31 is inserted into suitable insertion depth M, be not the end face that adopts the end 3a of hollow stem 1A, but adopt anchor clamps 21 or by the tooth bar 2 of these anchor clamps 21 clampings and the hollow stem 1A that keeps.Therefore, be that the situation of machining benchmark is different with end face with the end 3a of hollow stem 1A, can omit the operation of this end face of cutting.Meanwhile, can cut down finished cost.
In addition, in the processing of the undergauge stated, be applied with 14 joining of pushing load one side, and the oblique 14a of shape portion tightly is being pressed on this protuberance 25 with protuberance 25 in abutting connection with the position.Therefore, as shown in Figure 8, further deepen with the impression of the corresponding oblique shape 14a of portion of the 2nd side 25b of protuberance 25.Along with the formation of this dark impression P2, tiltedly the part of the wall of the 14a of shape portion flows to tabular surface 14b plasticity.Thus, between impression P2 and tabular surface 14b (11b), form stepped portion Q2.
In addition, implement by above order undergauge processing hollow stem 1A in abutting connection with the position 14, as stating, tiltedly the angle θ of the 14a of shape portion more than 25 ° and the radius R of arc surface 14c be more than the 0.5mm.Thus, the stress in abutting connection with the position around 14 the oblique shape 14a of portion is concentrated and is inhibited, no matter thereby tiltedly whether forming impression P2 on the 14a of shape portion, can enough keep the intensity of hollow stem 1A.
In addition, the present invention is not limited by an above-mentioned embodiment, for example, goes for the situation that yet needs to carry out undergauge processing on the end 3a as the flank position 3 of the hollow stem 1A of ratch 1 yet.At this moment, prepare a kind of anchor clamps 21 that can keep hollow stem 1A from the outstanding mode of the another side 21b of anchor clamps 21 with end 3a.And, hollow stem 1A is being remained on the basis of these anchor clamps 21, Drawing Die is pressed into from the periphery of the outstanding end 3a of anchor clamps 21 gets final product.Thus, can carry out undergauge processing at end 3a.
In addition, in the present invention, being directed to the undergauge processing of the end of ratch 1 that is hollow stem, not just in order to form the internal thread of desirable diameter in its end, also is in order to avoid and be disposed at the interference of its various parts on every side under the behaviour in service of ratch.
Fig. 9 is the longitudinal sectional view that expression is incorporated with the pith of the tooth of the hollow stem 110 that the 2nd embodiment of the present invention relates to and pinion.Hollow stem 110 has the axial region 111 of tubulose, is formed with the tooth portion 112 with pinion 130 engagement on the pars intermedia of this axial region 111, simultaneously, is positioned at the flank end 113 at two ends, the inner peripheral surface of axle side end 114 is provided with for the screw thread 115 that connects spherojoint.Hollow rack 110 for example can adopt materials such as SMn433, and initial hardness is Hv155～200.
On the other hand, via connecing cover 121 spherojoint 120 is installed on the flank end 113.This connects cover 121 and is provided with the periphery screw thread 122 that screws togather with screw thread 115.In addition, connecing cover 121 is that spherojoint 120 is swung the structure of supporting freely, and disposes resin sheet 123.In addition, among Fig. 9 140 the expression be shell, 150 the expression be snake formula sheath.
Above-mentioned hollow rack 110 following such formation.That is, forge formation tooth portion 112 on axial region 111 by cold rolling transfer printing.Particularly, be formed flatly upper surface simultaneously, in next operation, plug be pressed into the cavity of tubing by utilizing cold rolling forging model that tubing is pressurizeed with the once-forming profile of tooth.Plug is formed shaft-like, and the par side of tubing has oblique shape jut, jut engages with the par of tubing in interior all sides, the wall of par produces in the mode of plastic deformation to the denture of formed film and flows and then be drawn out thus, has formed tooth portion 12 with the rectilinear direction of the corresponding shape of denture of finishing die in the mode of duplicating on the periphery par of tubing.
Then, improve the hardness of hollow rack 110 and carry out in flank end 113, axle side end 114 forms screw threads.Three kinds of processing methods below for example having aspect raising hardness and the formation screw thread.
The 1st kind of processing method carried out as described below.That is, shown in Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B, for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching is carried out in the flank end 113 that is formed with tooth portion 112, makes hardness reach Hv620 (straight-line hardening operation).Then, the high frequency tempering (the 1st temperature tempering process) of 600 ℃ (the 1st temperature) is carried out in flank end 113, makes hardness reach for example Hv250～450.Similarly, shown in Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B, axle side end 114 carries out high-frequency quenching, high frequency tempering, makes hardness reach Hv250～450.
Then, as shown in figure 13, the interior Zhou Jinhang of flank end 113 and axle side end 114 is used to form the screw thread processing (screw thread manufacturing procedure) of screw thread 115.
Then, shown in Figure 14 A, tooth portion 112 carries out for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620, and similarly, as shown in Figure 14B, the axial region 111 of axle side end 14 sides carries out high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620 (axial region quenching process).Then, as shown in figure 15, under 200 ℃ (the 2nd temperature), hollow rack 110 is carried out high frequency tempering (the 2nd temperature tempering process).
Thus, in the 1st processing method, be in hardness state shown in Figure 16.That is, the hardness of axial region 111a, 111b is Hv450～650, and the hardness of flank end 113 is Hv250～450.Therefore, improve the intensity of flank end 113, can keep the machining accuracy of screw thread 115 simultaneously and prevent to lag behind and break for external force.
The 2nd processing method is as follows carries out.That is, shown in Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B, for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching is carried out in the position (about 0.5～1mm) of degree of depth t1 of outer peripheral face 113a that is formed with the flank end 113 of tooth portion 112, and hardness is risen to Hv620 (straight-line hardening operation).Then, the outer peripheral face 113a of flank end 113 carries out the high frequency tempering (the 1st temperature tempering process) of 600 ℃ (the 1st temperature), and hardness is made as for example Hv250～450.Similarly, shown in Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B, the outer peripheral face 114a of axle side end 114 carries out high-frequency quenching, high frequency tempering, and hardness is made as Hv250～450.
Then, as shown in figure 19, in the flank end 113 and the interior Zhou Jinhang of axle side end 114 be used to form the screw thread processing (screw thread manufacturing procedure) of screw thread 115.
Then, shown in Figure 20 A, tooth portion 112 carries out for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620, and similarly, shown in Figure 20 B, the axial region 111 of axle side end 114 sides carries out high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620 (axial region quenching process).Then, as shown in figure 21, the integral body of hollow rack 10 is carried out the high frequency tempering (the 2nd temperature tempering) of 200 ℃ (the 2nd temperature).
Thus, in the 2nd processing method, be in the hardness state identical with state shown in Figure 16.That is, the hardness of the axial region 111 of hollow rack 110 shown in Figure 22 is Hv450～650, and the hardness of flank end 113 is Hv250～450.Therefore, improve the intensity of flank end 113, can keep the machining accuracy of screw thread 115 simultaneously and prevent to lag behind and break for external force.
The 3rd processing method is as follows carries out.That is, the interior week of flank end 113 and axle side end 114 is carried out blind hole processing from open side, and the formation degree of depth is the recess 116 (blind hole processing) about 5mm.Then, the interior Zhou Jinhang of flank end 113 is used for forming to the inboard of recess 116 the screw thread processing (screw thread manufacturing procedure) of screw thread 115.Then, shown in Figure 24 A and Figure 24 B, for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching is carried out in the position that begins degree of depth t2 (in the 5mm) from the openend 113b of the flank end 113 that is formed with tooth portion 112, and hardness is risen to Hv620 (straight-line hardening operation).Then, the openend 113b of flank end 113 carries out the high frequency tempering (the 1st temperature tempering process) of 600 ℃ (the 1st temperature), and hardness is made as for example Hv250～450.Shown in Figure 25 A and Figure 25 B, the openend 114b of axle side end 114 carries out high-frequency quenching, high frequency tempering, and hardness is made as Hv250～450 equally.In this heat treatment step, be provided with recess 116, so heat can not be delivered to screw thread 115, thereby keep machining accuracy.
Then, shown in Figure 26 A, tooth portion 112 carries out for example 1000 ℃ high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620, and similarly shown in Figure 26 B, the axial region 111 of axle side end 114 sides carries out high-frequency quenching, and hardness is risen to Hv620 (axial region quenching process).Then, as shown in figure 27, hollow rack 110 integral body are carried out the high tempering (the 2nd temperature tempering process) of 200 ℃ (the 2nd temperature).
Thus, in the 3rd processing method, be to be in hardness state shown in Figure 28.That is, the axial region 111 of axle side end 114 sides and the hardness of tooth portion 112 are Hv450～650, and the hardness of the openend 113b of flank end 113 is Hv250～450.Therefore, improve intensity, can keep the machining accuracy of screw thread 115 simultaneously and prevent to lag behind and break with respect to the external force of flank end 113.
As mentioned above, the manufacture method of the hollow rack that relates to is according to the embodiment of the present invention broken on one side can keep the machining accuracy of the screw thread 115 that is formed at flank end 113 and axle side end 114 and prevent to lag behind, Yi Bian increase the intensity of flank end 113.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment.For example, the material of hollow rack 110 might not also can use other materials for SMn433.In addition, heat-treat condition (hardening heat, temperature) is for the hardness that obtains wishing is set, and waits according to material, shape and to set, and therefore is not only limited in the temperature of present embodiment.In addition, as long as in the scope that does not break away from invention aim of the present invention, can carry out various distortion.
Those skilled in the art can easily append characteristics to the present invention and make amendment.Therefore the present invention has scope widely, and not only is confined to the specific embodiment in this proposition and narration.Correspondingly, the various conversion of being done in not breaking away from creationary spirit or scope of the present invention all fall in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the end diameter reducing method of a hollow rack, it is that the hollow stem that is formed with tooth bar with a distolateral position is a processing object, the end diameter reducing method of the hollow rack that the end of the other end cylindraceous side of this hollow stem is attenuated, and above-mentioned hollow stem is at the rack tooth at these tooth bar two ends and followingly be formed with recess in abutting connection with between the position, this have in abutting connection with the position with the flank of these rack tooths in opposite directions oblique shape portion and be connected with the two ends of above-mentioned tooth bar, it is characterized in that
Utilize following anchor clamps that clamping is carried out at above-mentioned one distolateral position, these anchor clamps possess: have contact with above-mentioned flank and above-mentioned oblique shape portion and with chimeric a pair of protuberance of above-mentioned recess and the 1st clamp member that above-mentioned hollow stem is positioned; And the 2nd clamp member of carrying out mold closing, die sinking with respect to the 1st clamp member,
Afterwards, in periphery from the outstanding above-mentioned other end side of above-mentioned anchor clamps, Drawing Die with internal diameter littler than the diameter of this periphery, being pressed into above-mentioned tooth bar in the mode near above-mentioned anchor clamps is the position of the predefined compression distance of benchmark, this end is attenuated thus.
2. the end diameter reducing device of a hollow rack, it is that the hollow stem that is formed with tooth bar with a distolateral position is a processing object, the end diameter reducing method of the hollow rack that the end of the other end cylindraceous side of this hollow stem is attenuated, and above-mentioned hollow stem is at the rack tooth at these tooth bar two ends and followingly be formed with recess in abutting connection with between the position, this have in abutting connection with the position with the flank of these rack tooths in opposite directions oblique shape portion and be connected with the two ends of above-mentioned tooth bar, it is characterized in that possessing:
Anchor clamps, its have contact with above-mentioned flank and above-mentioned oblique shape portion and with chimeric a pair of protuberance of above-mentioned recess and the 1st clamp member that above-mentioned hollow stem is positioned; And the 2nd clamp member of carrying out mold closing, die sinking with respect to the 1st clamp member, clamping above-mentioned one distolateral position releasably between this two clamp member;
Drawing Die, it has the little internal diameter of diameter than the periphery of the end of above-mentioned other end side, and is depressed into removedly from the end periphery of the outstanding above-mentioned other end side of the above-mentioned anchor clamps of mold closing; And
The mould driving mechanism, it moves back and forth this Drawing Die, and the end periphery of other end side that above-mentioned Drawing Die is depressed into above-mentioned hollow stem is up to being the predefined insertion depth of benchmark with above-mentioned tooth bar, and above-mentioned Drawing Die is pressed into state from this extracts.
3. hollow rack, it is that at one end the side is formed with tooth bar, and the end of the other end cylindraceous side be is characterized in that by the hollow rack of undergauge,
Be connected in above-mentioned tooth bar two ends in abutting connection with the position, has flank oblique shape portion in opposite directions with the rack tooth at the two ends that are positioned at above-mentioned tooth bar, in the face of the impression of the recess between this oblique shape portion and the above-mentioned flank is formed at above-mentioned oblique shape portion, and between the tabular surface of this impression and above-mentioned recess, be formed with stepped portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2007073625A JP4959388B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2007-03-20 | Hollow rack bar and method and apparatus for reducing diameter of end of hollow rack bar |
| JP2007-073625 | 2007-03-20 | ||
| JP2007-085678 | 2007-03-28 | ||
| JP2007085678A JP5138259B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2007-03-28 | Hollow rack bar manufacturing method and hollow rack bar |
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| CN201110080424.XA Division CN102225508B (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-03-20 | Hollow rack and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN101269394A CN101269394A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
| CN101269394B true CN101269394B (en) | 2011-05-25 |
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| JP5306950B2 (en) * | 2009-09-17 | 2013-10-02 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | Hollow rack bar manufacturing apparatus and hollow rack bar manufacturing method |
| KR101768002B1 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2017-08-14 | 비숍 스티어링 테크놀로지 피티와이 리미티드 | Die apparatus for forging steering racks |
| JP2012202421A (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | Kamo Seiko Kk | Rack extension jig device |
| CN102240892B (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2016-03-02 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Method for forming hollow front shaft |
| CN104289859A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-21 | 山推工程机械股份有限公司 | Machining process of toothed bars of scarifier, toothed bars of scarifier and bulldozer |
| CN104708290B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-07-07 | 上海格尔汽车科技发展有限公司 | A kind of processing method of electric steering gear tooth bar |
| JP6536887B2 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2019-07-03 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Steering device |
| WO2017077717A1 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-11 | Neturen Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing rack bar |
| JP6840582B2 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2021-03-10 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | How to make a rack bar |
| JP7133304B2 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2022-09-08 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | HOLLOW RACK BAR MANUFACTURING METHOD AND MANUFACTURING APPARATUS |
| CN111604654B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-31 | 上海第一机床厂有限公司 | Machining method of transfer rack transmission mechanism in nuclear fuel reactor |
| EP4194315A1 (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-14 | thyssenkrupp Presta Aktiengesellschaft | Rack and method for manufacturing a rack for a steering gear of a motor vehicle, and steering gear for a motor vehicle |
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| JPH0481239A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1992-03-13 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Pipe shaft and method and apparatus for working this thereof |
| JP2957263B2 (en) * | 1990-11-06 | 1999-10-04 | 株式会社山田製作所 | Steering rack shaft and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP4659260B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2011-03-30 | 株式会社幸伸技研 | Hollow rack bar shaped device |
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| CN101269394A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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