CN101265067A - Water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick or building block, and producing method thereof - Google Patents
Water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick or building block, and producing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101265067A CN101265067A CNA2008100311541A CN200810031154A CN101265067A CN 101265067 A CN101265067 A CN 101265067A CN A2008100311541 A CNA2008100311541 A CN A2008100311541A CN 200810031154 A CN200810031154 A CN 200810031154A CN 101265067 A CN101265067 A CN 101265067A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a waterproof high-strength gypsum-based concrete brick or building block and a production method thereof. The waterproof high-strength gypsum-based concrete brick or building block mainly contains gypsum-based composite binding agent, coagulation accelerator and filler. The weight proportions of the components are as follows: 10-100% of gypsum-based composite binding agent, 0-6% of coagulation accelerator, 0-90% of filler, 0-1% of early-strength agent, 0-1% of water-reducing agent, 0-6% of lime and 0-15% of gypsum hemihydrate. 80% of the raw materials of the high-strength gypsum-based concrete brick or building block are industrial byproducts, so that the invention reduces the production cost, realizes energy conservation and discharge reduction, avoids the land occupancy and water pollution caused by chemical gypsum, ore slag, coal ash, furnace slag, alkali waste and carbide slag, and protects the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction material, specifically, relate to the water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick or the building block of a kind of energy substitute for clay brick and cement block.
Technical background
China is the production and the use " kingdom " of fritter clay brick in the world, and in China's building trade, traditional materials for wall is the history in existing more than 2,000 year of fritter solid clay brick.No matter from the destruction in the consumption of the resource and the energy, soil with concerning the pollution unspecified angle of environment, these traditional materials for walls all are material of construction of unsustainable development, consume about 1,000,000 mu of soils as firing clay brick every year, wherein ruin the field and make 20,000 mu of bricks; There are about 110,000 families of clay tile enterprise in the whole nation, takes up an area of more than 600 ten thousand mu; The year production energy consumption of clay brick reaches 6,000 ten thousand tons of standard coals; Produce clay brick and also produce a large amount of obnoxious flavour etc.
On the other hand, annual at present industry byproduct gypsum (the claiming chemical gypsum again) quantity that produces of China is huge.For example, phosphogypsum has 2,000 ten thousand tons, and with annual 15% speed increment; The annual desulfurated plaster that produces also has 4,000,000 tons, and also will increase desulfurated plaster newly more than 2,000 ten thousand tons every year after 2010; And (wherein fluorgypsum is a dehydrated gyp-, and dehydrated gyp-also claims anhydrite to also have a large amount of fluorgypsums, lemon gypsum, boron gypsum, titanium gypsum, salt gypsum etc.; Desulfurated plaster, phosphogypsum, lemon gypsum, boron gypsum, titanium gypsum and salt gypsum are dihydrate gypsum), only have to be used for cement additire on a small quantity, majority is in the stacking state, has both taken a large amount of soils, again contaminate environment and groundwater resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of existing materials for wall clay brick and cement block of replacing, resource consumption is few, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick that production cost is lower or building block.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention's water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick or building block are mainly by the gypsum base composite gelled material, setting accelerator and filler are formed, the weight proportion of each constituent materials is: gypsum base composite gelled material 10%~100% (preferred 15%~60%), setting accelerator 0~6% (preferred 1%~4%), filler 0~90% (preferred 60%~85%), hardening accelerator 0~1%, water reducer 0~1%, lime 0~6%, semi-hydrated gypsum 0~15%.
Described gypsum base composite gelled material is made up of gypsum and active admixture and alkali-activator, the weight proportion of each constituent materials, gypsum: active admixture: alkali-activator=55%~70%: 15%~40%: 5%~15%, three's preferred weight proportioning is 70: 30: 10; Described gypsum can be a kind of in anhydrite, the dihydrate gypsum or both mixtures, and the weight proportion of described anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum is an anhydrite: dihydrate gypsum=0~100%: 100%~0 (preferred anhydrite: dihydrate gypsum=10%~40%: 60%~90%); If basicity is not enough in the active admixture, also can add 0~3% lime in case of necessity;
Described anhydrite is the dehydrated gyp-of levigated fluorgypsum or direct grinding, or dihydrate gypsum is through the anhydrite II of 360~1000 ℃ of calcining formation, wherein the anhydrite II of 360~500 ℃ of calcining formation claims slow dissolubility anhydrite II-S, the anhydrite II of 500~700 ℃ of calcining formation claims insoluble anhydrite II-U, and the anhydrite II of 700~1000 ℃ of calcining formation are called cast anhydrite II-E; The preferred sequence of anhydrite is fluorgypsum>natural anhydrite>anhydrite II-E>anhydrite II-S>anhydrite II-U.Fluorgypsum, anhydrite II-S, anhydrite II-E granularity are 80~300 orders, preferred 100~250 orders; The granularity of natural anhydrite, anhydrite II-U is 100~500 orders, preferred 250~400 orders;
Described dihydrate gypsum is the natural dihydrate gypsum or the desulfurated plaster of direct grinding, or through pretreated phosphogypsum, or pretreated citric acid gypsum;
Described pretreated phosphogypsum can be with unslaked lime neutralization, and (contain impurity such as inorganic phosphorus and soluble phosphate owing in the phosphogypsum, these impurity can have a strong impact on the performance of condensing of gypsum more than or equal to 7.0 phosphogypsum to make its pH value.Therefore, before the use, should neutralize, make its pH value) more than or equal to 7.0 with unslaked lime; General pretreatment technology is, the lime of 95%~99% phosphogypsum and 1%~5% is mixed, and places 2~5 days, is pretreated ardealite;
Described pre-treatment citric acid gypsum is meant with unslaked lime neutralization, makes its pH value more than or equal to 7.0 citric acid gypsum; Generally be that 95%~99% citric acid gypsum and 1%~5% lime are mixed, placed 3~5 days, be the pre-treatment citric acid gypsum;
Described active admixture is one or more the mixture in levigate blast furnace slag (abbreviation ground slag), fine-ground fly-ash, levigate Fluorspar Powder, levigate lithium white residue powder, silicon ash, levigate ferroalloy slag or the levigate slag;
Described alkali-activator is silicate cement, aluminosulfate cement, aluminate cement, lime, alkaline residue or carbide slag;
Described setting accelerator is for being selected from Na
2SO
4, K
2SO
4, NaHSO
4, KHSO
4, CuSO
4, FeSO
4, AL
2(SO
4)
3, ZnSO
4, KAL (SO
4)
212H
2O, K
2Cr
2O
7, the calcining AL
2(SO
4)
3In one or more mixture, preferred NaHSO
4, KHSO
4, Na
2SO
4, KAL (SO
4)
212H
2O, K
2Cr
2O
7In one or more mixture.
Described water reducer is known cement water reducing agent;
Described hardening accelerator is known cement early strength agent;
Described filler is sand, rubble, slag, various metallurgical slag or other inert materials.
Adopting anhydrite, dihydrate gypsum and active admixture is main raw material, excite by alkali-activator, generation has the gypsum base composite gelled material of the hydraulicity and air-setting feature concurrently, the coefficient of softening of this gypsum base composite gelled material is greater than 0.80, and the intensity height, have the essential property of hydraulic material.
Production technique: take by weighing each raw material by preset blending ratio, add suitable quantity of water, stir, pour mould into, vibrating forming or extrusion forming, the pile maintenance.
In the raw material used in the present invention; 80% raw material is an industry byproduct; as chemical gypsum, slag, flyash, slag, alkaline residue, carbide slag etc.; both can reduce production costs; help energy-saving and emission-reduction again; and reduce land occupation resource such as chemical gypsum and slag, flyash, slag, alkaline residue, carbide slag and, help protecting environment the pollution of water resources.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
(1) desulfurated plaster and fluorgypsum ratio optimization embodiment
Raw material: contain the desulfurated plaster (in siccative) of 10% free water content, levigate fluorgypsum, levigate water-granulated slag, silicate cement (325
#), to be particle diameter less than the slag of 10mm, levigate alum, their weight ratio be for lime, filler:
Desulfurated plaster: fluorgypsum: water-granulated slag: cement: lime: alum: slag
1
#=63.6 0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
2
#=53.6 10.0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
3
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
4
#=33.6 30.0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
5
#=23.6 40.0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
6
#=13.6 50.0 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
7
#=0 63.6 27.3 9.1 4.0 2.0 100
By said ratio, preparation raw material mixes, add water (water cement ratio 0.20), stir,, make gypsum base concrete standard brick with the moulding of brick machine vibration, watering maintenance 28 days, the cutting sample is pressed GB/T1346-2001 and is measured time of coagulation, presses the GB/T17669.3-1999 standard, the soaked intensity (calculating coefficient of softening) of test ultimate compression strength, bending strength, soaked 72h, experimental result sees Table 1.
Table 11
#~7
#Gypsum base concrete brick mechanical property
Bending strength ultimate compression strength presetting period final setting time
The sample coefficient of softening
(MPa) (MPa) (min) (min)
1
# 2.1 21.0 0.83 480 960
2
# 2.2 22.0 0.84 309 442
3
# 2.4 28.3 0.84 271 331
4
# 2.8 32.5 0.86 198 268
5
# 2.8 31.3 0.85 192 318
6
# 2.8 31.2 0.87 126 265
7
# 2.8 30.4 0.88 128 268
As can be seen from Table 1, along with fluorgypsum content increases, mechanical property increases, and shorten time of coagulation, and the softening system number average is a water-resistant material greater than 0.8; And ultimate compression strength can be used for building by laying bricks or stones bearing wall all greater than 20Mpa.
(2) active admixture preferred embodiment
Former material: the desulfurated plaster, fluorgypsum, levigate water-granulated slag, flyash, the filler that contain 10% moisture are slag, lime, sodium sulfate, and their weight proportion is:
Desulfurated plaster: fluorgypsum: water-granulated slag: flyash: cement: lime: sodium sulfate: slag
8
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 0 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
9
#=43.6 20.0 22.3 5 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
10
#=43.6 20.0 17.3 10 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
11
#=43.6 20.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
12
#=43.6 20.0 8.65 18.65 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
13
#=43.6 20.0 0 27.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 100
Take by weighing starting material by said ratio, adding water stirs, water cement ratio 0.30, with the vibratory compaction of concrete hollow block shaper, watering maintenance 28 days, GB/T 17669.3-1999 standard testing flexural strength is pressed in oven dry, compressive strength and soaked 72 hours intensity (calculating coefficient of softening), experimental result sees Table 2.
Table 28
#~13
#Gypsum base concrete segment mechanical property
Bending strength ultimate compression strength
Sample coefficient of softening remarks
(MPa) (MPa)
8
# 2.4 28.3 0.84
9
# 2.3 26.2 0.82
10
# 2.2 25.3 0.83
11
# 2.4 28.2 0.85
12
# 2.2 26.3 0.80
13
# 2.0 28.0 0.80
As can be seen from Table 2, along with the increase of flyash content, mechanical property reduces, but when the shrend ground slag was 0, active admixture was a flyash, and ultimate compression strength is greater than 18Mpa, when doping quantity of fly ash equates with the water-granulated slag volume, produce the slag-fly ash synergistic effect, higher intensity is arranged.The price of considering flyash can replace part shrend slag powders with flyash far below scoriaceous price.
(3) filler slag ratio optimization embodiment
Starting material are desulfurated plaster, fluorgypsum, levigate water-granulated slag, flyash, the aluminosulfate cement (425 of oven dry
#), carbide slag, levigate vitriolate of tartar, filler be the slag of particle diameter less than 10mm, their proportioning is:
Desulfurated plaster: fluorgypsum: water-granulated slag: flyash: cement: carbide slag: vitriolate of tartar: slag
14
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 50
15
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 100
16
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 150
17
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 200
18
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 300
19
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 500
20
#=48.6 15.0 13.65 13.65 9.1 4.0 1.0 600
Take by weighing starting material by said ratio, adding water stirs, water cement ratio is 0.30, with clay brick shaper moulding standard brick, cut into rectangular of 40 * 40 * 160mm, watering maintenance 28 days, oven dry, the compressive strength (calculating coefficient of softening) of pressing GB/T 17669.3 standard testing flexural strengths, compressive strength, soaked 72h.Test-results sees Table 3
Table 314
#~20
#Gypsum base concrete segment mechanical property
Bending strength ultimate compression strength
Sample coefficient of softening remarks
(MPa) (MPa)
14
# 2.1 22.0 0.83
15
# 2.3 21.2 0.84
16
# 2.3 20.3 0.84
17
# 2.1 21.0 0.84
18
# 2.0 19.3 0.83
19
# 1.9 16.8 0.83
20
# 1.9 13.0 0.81
As can be seen from Table 3, along with the increase of filler slag, mechanical property reduces, and mainly is that the ultimate compression strength of slag causes less than the intensity of matrix.
(4) the alkali-activator cement proportion is optimized embodiment
Raw material: through pre-treatment and contain the phosphogypsum of 15% free water content, through 700 ℃ of incinerating phosphogypsums (replacement anhydrite), levigate water-granulated slag, flyash, silicate cement (325
#), alum, particle diameter is less than 10mm river sand, their weight proportion is:
Pretreated ardealite: anhydrite II: shrend mineral: cement: lime: alum: river sand
21
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 5.0 2.0 3.0 200
22
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 6.0 2.0 3.0 200
23
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 7.0 2.0 3.0 200
24
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 8.0 2.0 3.0 200
25
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 9.0 2.0 3.0 200
26
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 10.0 2.0 3.0 200
27
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 11.0 2.0 3.0 200
28
#=43.6 20.0 27.3 15.0 2.0 3.0 200
Take by weighing starting material by said ratio, adding water stirs, water cement ratio is 0.30, with concrete hollow block shaper molding of gypsum base concrete building block (390 * 190 * 190mm), watering maintenance 28 days, cut into 30 * 30 * 160mm sample, press GB/T 17669.3-1999 standard testing flexural strength, compressive strength, soaked 72h compressive strength (calculating coefficient of softening), test-results sees Table 4:
Table 421
#~28
#Gypsum base concrete segment mechanical property
As can be seen from Table 4, when cement proportion was 5%, coefficient of softening was lower, and when cement proportion is 15%, local tiny crack occurred.Local tiny crack occurring, mainly is excessive by the ratio of gypsum base composite gelled material neutral and alkali exciting agent constituent materials, generates a large amount of ettringite, causes volumetric expansion, cracks, irrelevant with the weight fraction of filler.So (disregard filler) in the gypsum base composite gelled material, the exciting agent cement proportion should be greater than 5%, less than 15%.
(5) active admixture water-granulated slag weight proportion is optimized embodiment (1)
Raw material: through pre-treatment and contain lemon gypsum (replacing dihydrate gypsum), fluorgypsum (replacement anhydrite), levigate water-granulated slag, the silicate cement (325 of 15% free water content with the siccative metering
#), alum, carbide slag, particle diameter is less than the slag of 10mm, their weight proportion is:
Lemon gypsum: anhydrite: water-granulated slag: cement: carbide slag: alum: slag
29
#=80.9 10.0 0 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
30
#=70.9 10.0 10 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
31
#=60.6 10.0 20.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
32
#=53.6 10.0 27.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
33
#=50.6 10.0 30.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
34
#=45.6 10.0 35.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
35
#=40.6 10.0 40.3 9.1 3.0 2.0 200
By said ratio, take by weighing starting material, add water and stir, water cement ratio is 0.3, overstocks moulding, makes gypsum base concrete standard brick, watering maintenance 28 days cuts into 40 * 40 * 160mm sample.Press GB/T17669.3-1999 standard testing flexural strength, compressive strength, soaked 72h compressive strength (calculating coefficient of softening), test-results sees Table 5:
Table 529
#~35
#Gypsum base concrete segment mechanical property
As seen from Table 5, when the composition weight of active admixture less than 10%, coefficient of softening is lower, but when the weight fraction of active admixture greater than 35% the time, tiny crack appears in specimen surface, mainly is that the active admixture weight fraction is excessive, produces ettringite, cause volumetric expansion, crack, the weight fraction of this and filler is irrelevant, so disregard filler in the gypsum base composite gelled material, so the weight fraction of active admixture water-granulated slag is greater than 10%, is less than or equal to 35%.
(6) active admixture water-granulated slag ratio optimization embodiment
Raw material: desulfurated plaster, fluorgypsum, levigate water-granulated slag, cement, lime, carbide slag, alum, sodium sulfate, filler are slag, and their weight proportion is:
(continued on next page)
Desulfurated plaster: fluorgypsum: water-granulated slag: cement: lime: carbide slag: alum: sodium sulfate: slag
36
#=83.6 0 7.3 9.1 0 2.0 0 0 180
37
#=73.6 0 17.3 9.1 0 2.0 0 0 180
38
#=63.6 0 27.3 9.1 3 0 0 0 180
39
#=53.6 0 37.3 9.1 3 0 0 0 180
40
#=63.6 0 27.3 0 5.0 2.0 0 0 180
41
#=63.6 0 27.3 0 6.0 2.0 0 0 180
42
#=63.6 0 27.3 0 7.0 2.0 0 0 180
43
#=63.6 0 27.3 0 0 6.0 2.0 0 180
44
#=63.6 0 27.3 0 0 7.0 2.0 0 180
45
#=0 73.6 17.3 9.1 0 0 2.0 0 180
46
#=0 63.6 27.3 9.1 0 0 2.0 0 180
47
#=0 53.6 37.3 9.1 0 0 2.0 0 180
48
#=0 63.6 27.3 9.1 3.0 0 1.0 1.0 180
Take by weighing starting material by said ratio, add water and stir, water cement ratio is 0.30, with brick mechanism commonly used be equipped with solid gypsum base brick (240 * 115 * 53mm), the maintenance 28 days of sprinkling water, by GB/T2542 test compression intensity, freeze ultimate compression strength afterwards, experimental result sees Table 6.
(continued on next page)
The physical and mechanical property of table 6 desulfurated plaster, fluorgypsum concrete brick
Table 6 is the experimental result of gypsum base concrete brick, removes 36
#Outside the sample (water-granulated slag volume in gypsum based gel material equals 7.3%), other sample 37
#~48
#All meet and exceed GB/11945-1999 and JC/525-93 standard, so the volume of active admixture should be greater than 7.3%.Comprehensive embodiment 5, active admixture should be greater than 10% (disregarding the filler weight mark).
Claims (8)
1, a kind of water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick or building block, it is characterized in that, the weight proportion of each constituent materials is: gypsum base composite gelled material 10%~100%, setting accelerator 0~6%, filler 0~90%, hardening accelerator 0~1%, water reducer 0~1%, lime 0~6%, semi-hydrated gypsum 0~15%;
Described gypsum base composite gelled material is made up of gypsum and active admixture and alkali-activator, the weight proportion of each constituent materials, gypsum: active admixture: alkali-activator=55%~70%: 15%~40%: 5%~15%; Described gypsum is a kind of in anhydrite, the dihydrate gypsum or both mixtures, and the weight proportion of described anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum is an anhydrite: dihydrate gypsum=0~100%: 100%~0;
Described anhydrite is the dehydrated gyp-of levigated fluorgypsum or direct grinding, or dihydrate gypsum is through the anhydrite II of 360~1000 ℃ of calcining formation, slow dissolubility anhydrite II-S comprising 360~500 ℃ of calcining formation, 500~700 ℃ of insoluble anhydrite II-U that calcining forms, 700~1000 ℃ of cast anhydrite II-E that calcining forms; Fluorgypsum, anhydrite II-S, anhydrite II-E granularity are 80~300 orders, and the granularity of natural anhydrite, anhydrite II-U is 250~400 orders;
Described dihydrate gypsum is the natural dihydrate gypsum, desulfurated plaster of direct grinding, through pretreated phosphogypsum or pretreated citric acid gypsum;
Described active admixture is one or more the mixture in levigate blast furnace slag, fine-ground fly-ash, levigate Fluorspar Powder, levigate lithium white residue powder, silicon ash, levigate ferroalloy slag or the levigate slag;
Described alkali-activator is silicate cement, aluminosulfate cement, aluminate cement, lime, alkaline residue or carbide slag;
Described setting accelerator is for being selected from Na
2SO
4, K
2SO
4, NaHSO
4, KHSO
4, CuSO
4, FeSO
4, AL
2(SO
4)
3, ZnSO
4, KAL (SO
4)
212H
2O, K
2Cr
2O
7, the calcining AL
2(SO
4)
3In one or more mixture;
Described filler is sand, rubble, slag or metallurgical slag.
2, a kind of water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 or building block is characterized in that, described gypsum base composite gelled material weight proportion is 15%~60%, and setting accelerator is 1%~4%, and filler is 60%~85%.
3, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 and 2 or building block is characterized in that, described gypsum: active admixture: alkali-activator=70: 30: 10.
4, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 and 2 or building block is characterized in that, the weight proportion of described anhydrite and dihydrate gypsum is anhydrite: dihydrate gypsum=10%~40%: 60%~90%.
5, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 and 2 or building block is characterized in that, described fluorgypsum, anhydrite II-S, anhydrite II-E granularity are 100~250 orders; Granularity 250~400 orders of natural anhydrite, anhydrite II-U.
6, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 and 2 or building block is characterized in that, in the described gypsum base composite gelled material, also are added with 0~3% lime.
7, water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick according to claim 1 and 2 or building block is characterized in that, described pretreated phosphogypsum is meant with unslaked lime neutralization, make its pH value more than or equal to 7.0 phosphogypsum; Described pre-treatment citric acid gypsum is meant with unslaked lime neutralization, makes its pH value more than or equal to 7.0 citric acid gypsum.
8, according to the production method of described water-resisting high-strength gypsum-base concrete brick of one of claim 1-7 or building block, it is characterized in that, take by weighing each raw material, add water, stir, pour mould into by preset blending ratio, vibrating forming or extrusion forming, the pile maintenance.
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