CN101264886A - Method for producing activated carbon from spartina alterniflora stalk - Google Patents

Method for producing activated carbon from spartina alterniflora stalk Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101264886A
CN101264886A CNA2008100237492A CN200810023749A CN101264886A CN 101264886 A CN101264886 A CN 101264886A CN A2008100237492 A CNA2008100237492 A CN A2008100237492A CN 200810023749 A CN200810023749 A CN 200810023749A CN 101264886 A CN101264886 A CN 101264886A
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China
Prior art keywords
spartina alterniflora
alterniflora loisel
cane
active carbon
production process
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CNA2008100237492A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑正
李坤权
聂耳
黄兴发
朱剑飞
赵国华
冯景伟
高顺技
罗兴章
张继彪
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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Priority to CNA2008100237492A priority Critical patent/CN101264886A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing an active carbon by utilizing a stalk of spartina alterniflora. The step of the invention is characterized in that rinsing, drying and then crushing the stalk; putting the crushed spartina alterniflora stalk powder into a phosphoric acid or a potassium hydroxide solution, stirring up evenly and soaking, then separating the solid and the liquid; the separated spartina alterniflora stalk powder is positioned in a tubular oven or a carbonizing oven after drying and carbonizing under the nitrogen protection; continuing to charge the nitrogen or an activation gas to activate after carbonizing; the activated spartina alterniflora stalk powder is rinsed by water, and the active carbon is got after drying. The method for producing the active carbon has the advantages of using the high carbonaceous invasive species apartina alterniflora to act as the raw material, making the active carbon low price and good adsorption performance through the simple, safe, and high efficient process, and realizing to utilize the spartina alterniflora as a resource.

Description

A kind of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological engineering technology field, be specifically related to gac of a kind of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The material that gac is a kind of pore texture prosperity, specific surface area is big, organism in gas and the solution or heavy metal and colloidal solid there is very strong adsorptive power, water insoluble or organic solvent, easily regeneration, and have enough chemical stabilities, physical strength and acid and alkali-resistance, performance such as heat-resisting.Therefore, it is widely used in fields such as environmental protection, catalysis, food, medicine, separation and national defence, has become requisite critical function material in the national economic development and national defense construction and the daily life.
Traditional gac raw material is timber, shell and fat coal; though timber is renewable resources; but its production cycle is long; and be subjected to the restriction of the environment protection and the eubiosis; can not therefore, seek the Activated Carbon Production resource in a large number as raw material; explore new processing condition, crucial meaning is all arranged.The spartina alterniflora loisel is the perennial high bar type C4 herbaceous plant of Gramineae, originates in North America Atlantic Ocean seashore.Spartina alterniflora loisel's cellulose 30~35%, xylogen 18~20%, half fiber 35~40%, its stalk inside is spongy, and many vertical ventilating pits are arranged, and relatively is fit to the requirement of gac contrast table area, pore volume and adsorptive power.
The initial stage eighties, the spartina alterniflora loisel is introduced into China and is used to protect beach shore protection, created land with silt, but as the exotic invasive species, fecundity that it is powerful and tall and big intensive species characteristic, the geographic view of the coastal beach of China, species diversity and aquaculture are had a series of detrimentally affects, listed in the first batch of 16 kinds of invasive species Black Lists of China by State Bureau of Environmental Protection in 2003.Therefore, be the feedstock production gac with spartina alterniflora loisel, not only ecological environment problem can be solved, and this low-cost resource of spartina alterniflora loisel can be made full use of, produce broad-spectrum gac, produce better economic, environment and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the objective of the invention is and gac scarcity of raw material low at spartina alterniflora loisel's utilization ratio in the prior art, providing a kind of is raw material with spartina alterniflora loisel's cane, environmental pollution is little, can make full use of spartina alterniflora loisel's resource and the simple preparation method of active carbon of preparation technology's economy, thereby makes a kind of cheap, spartina alterniflora loisel's matrix activated carbon that absorption property is good.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure:
A kind of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing comprises the steps:
A), will pulverize behind spartina alterniflora loisel's cane cleaning, drying;
B), spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder that pulverizing is obtained adds in phosphoric acid or the potassium hydroxide solution, stir and flood after carry out solid-liquid separation; Wherein the mass concentration of phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide solution is preferably 10~50%, and the mass ratio of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide solution is preferably 1: 2~and 5, the time of dipping is preferably 6~12 hours;
C), the oven dry of isolated spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder is placed in tube furnace or the carbide furnace, under the nitrogen protection of 50~100ml/min, carry out charing; Tube furnace or carbide furnace rose to 300~600 ℃ of carbonization temperatures and constant temperature charing 0.5~3 hour with 4~6 ℃/min during charing, and carbonization temperature is preferably 400~500 ℃;
D), continue to feed feed nitrogen or use the activated gas water vapor instead or carbonic acid gas (be about to nitrogen and change activated gas water vapor or carbonic acid gas into) activates after the charing; Tube furnace or carbide furnace rose to 600~900 ℃ of activation temperatures and constant temperature activation 0.5~2 hour with 8~11 ℃/min when wherein activating, and activation temperature is preferably 700~850 ℃;
E), the spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after will activating wash with water (to pH be 6.5~7.5), oven dry promptly gets gac; Considering from economic environmental protection aspect can be when washing, and first water is slightly washed, and reclaims phosphoric acid or potassium metal, washes with water to 6.5~7.5 again.
A kind of preparation method of comparative optimization, comprise choose suitable time to the spartina alterniflora loisel gather in the crops, clean, separate, oven dry, pulverizing, charing, activation, its concrete steps are as follows:
A), will sophisticated spartina alterniflora loisel (after September) harvesting, clean, the oven dry back pulverizes with pulverizer, powder particle diameter is less than 200 orders, preferable particle size is 50~100 orders.
B), the spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after the above-mentioned pulverizing is pressed 1: the feed liquid mass ratio of (2~5) adds the phosphoric acid or the potassium hydroxide solution of concentration 10~50%, stirs and floods after 6~12 hours and carry out solid-liquid separation;
C), the spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder behind the above-mentioned dipping dried in vacuum drying oven be placed in tube furnace or the carbide furnace, under the nitrogen gas stream protection of 50ml/min, rise to 400~500 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, and constant temperature charing 0.5~3 hour with 5 ℃/min;
D), after carbonization time finishes, rise to 700~850 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, continue to feed nitrogen or convert gas to activated gas water vapor or carbonic acid gas by protection nitrogen, constant temperature activation 0.5~2 hour with 10 ℃/min;
E), the spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after above-mentioned activation elder generation water is slightly washed, reclaim phosphoric acid or potassium metal, to clean to pH be 6.5~7.5 to water again, and then oven dry promptly obtains gac.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention has utilized the spartina alterniflora loisel to prepare gac first, has realized the recycling to the spartina alterniflora loisel, has developed a kind of preparation low cost active charcoal resource.
2, spartina alterniflora loisel's strong stress resistance is widely distributed, and is inexpensive, cane, low, the high adsorption capacity of gac cost of preparation.
3, spartina alterniflora loisel's carbon content rate is high and green non-poisonous, and is pollution-free in the process of preparation gac, do not destroy environment.
4, simple, the economy of preparation technology of the present invention, environmental protection meet the needs of recycling economy development, have favorable industrial application prospect.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The phosphoric acid of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 20% mass ratio with 1: 2 was soaked 12 hours; insert tube furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 400 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 2 hours under this temperature; then be warmed up to 700 ℃ of activation, activate 0.1 hour with 10 ℃/min.After the cooling, slightly wash recovery phosphoric acid with distilled water, it is 6.5 that the back is washed till PH with distilled water.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry, get gac.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 12mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is 9mL/0.1g, and the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production is 1.33 times of country-level product.
Embodiment 2
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The potassium hydroxide of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 20% mass ratio with 1: 2 was soaked 12 hours; insert tube furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 400 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 2 hours under this temperature; then be warmed up to 700 ℃ of activation with 10 ℃/min, activate 1 hour, being washed till PH with distilled water behind the cooling recovery potassium metal is 7.5.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 21.5mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is 9mL/0.1g, and the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production is 2.38 times of country-level product.
Embodiment 3
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The phosphoric acid of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 20% mass ratio with 1: 2 was soaked 12 hours; insert carbide furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 450 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 2 hours under this temperature; then be warmed up to 750 ℃ of activation, and gas is converted to water vapor, constant temperature activation 0.5 hour with 10 ℃/min.After the cooling, slightly wash recovery phosphoric acid with distilled water, it is 6.5 that the back is washed till PH with distilled water.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 15.3mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is 9mL/0.1g, and the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production is 1.7 times of country-level product.
Embodiment 4
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The potassium hydroxide of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 20% mass ratio with 1: 2 was soaked 12 hours; insert tube furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 450 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 2 hours under this temperature; then be warmed up to 750 ℃ of activation, and gas is converted to water vapor, constant temperature activation 0.5 hour with 10 ℃/min.Potassium metal is reclaimed in the cooling back, and being washed till PH with distilled water again is 7.5.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 21.3mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is 9mL/0.1g, and the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production is 2.36 times of country-level product.
Embodiment 5
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The phosphoric acid of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 40% mass ratio with 1: 4 was soaked 12 hours; insert tube furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 500 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 1 hour under this temperature; then be warmed up to 800 ℃ of activation, and gas is converted to carbonic acid gas, constant temperature activation 0.5 hour with 10 ℃/min.After the cooling, slightly wash recovery phosphoric acid with distilled water, it is 6.5 that the back is washed till PH with distilled water.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 14.6mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is, 9mL/0.1g, the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production are 1.62 times of country-level product.
Embodiment 6
With deionized water the back is cleaned, dried to spartina alterniflora loisel's cane 105 ℃ of oven dry down, with pulverizer spartina alterniflora loisel's cane is ground into 100 purpose spartina alterniflora loisel cane powder then.The potassium hydroxide of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and 40% mass ratio with 1: 4 was soaked 12 hours; insert tube furnace after spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after soaking put into the vacuum drier oven dry; under the protection of the nitrogen gas stream of 50ml/min; be warmed up to 500 ℃ with 5 ℃/min; and constant temperature charing 0.5 hour under this temperature; then be warmed up to 800 ℃ of activation, and gas is converted to carbonic acid gas, activate 1 hour with 10 ℃/min.Potassium metal is reclaimed in the cooling back, and being washed till PH with distilled water again is 7.5.At last, the product of cleaning is put into baking oven with 105 ℃ of oven dry.Test according to national standard (GB12496.1-22-1999), leading indicator-methylene blue adsorption value is 23.5mL/0.1g, and the national standard methylene blue adsorption value is 9mL/0.1g, and the activated carbon product methylene blue adsorption value of present embodiment production is 2.61 times of country-level product.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A), will pulverize behind spartina alterniflora loisel's cane cleaning, drying;
B), spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder that pulverizing is obtained adds in phosphoric acid or the potassium hydroxide solution, stir and flood after carry out solid-liquid separation;
C), the oven dry of isolated spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder is placed in tube furnace or the carbide furnace, under nitrogen protection, carry out charing;
D), continue after the charing to feed nitrogen or use activated gas instead to activate;
E), the spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder after will activating washes with water, oven dry promptly gets gac.
2, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that described spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder is less than 200 orders.
3, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1, the mass concentration that it is characterized in that described phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide solution is 10~50%, and the mass ratio of spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder and phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide solution is 1: 2~5.
4, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that the time that described spartina alterniflora loisel's cane powder floods is 6~12 hours in phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide solution.
5, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that charing, tube furnace or carbide furnace rose to 300~600 ℃ of carbonization temperatures and constant temperature charing 0.5~3 hour with 4~6 ℃/min.
6, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 5 is characterized in that described carbonization temperature is 400~500 ℃.
7, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that activating, tube furnace or carbide furnace rise to 600~900 ℃ of activation temperatures with 8~11 ℃/min and constant temperature activates 0.5~2 hour.
8, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that described activation temperature is 700~850 ℃.
9, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1 is characterized in that described activated gas is water vapor or carbon dioxide.
10, spartina alterniflora loisel's cane production process of active carbon of utilizing according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that washing, first water is slightly washed, and reclaims phosphoric acid or potassium metal, wash with water again to pH be 6.5~7.5.
CNA2008100237492A 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 Method for producing activated carbon from spartina alterniflora stalk Pending CN101264886A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101475165B (en) * 2008-12-25 2011-04-27 东华大学 Method for preparing active carbon from straw stalk
CN102267696A (en) * 2011-07-12 2011-12-07 华东师范大学 Method for preparing active carbon from alternanthera philoxeroides
CN102600799A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-25 上海大学 Method for treating wasterwater containing copper by utilizing Spartina alterniflora Loisel-based biochar
CN102602913A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-25 上海大学 Preparation method of biochar
CN102756606A (en) * 2012-07-24 2012-10-31 河南华美生物工程有限公司 Carbon sculpture capable of releasing anions and far infrared rays
CN102757048A (en) * 2012-07-24 2012-10-31 河南华美生物工程有限公司 Method for preparing activated carbon from peonies
CN102874807A (en) * 2012-09-19 2013-01-16 浙江工业大学 Active carbon material and application of same serving as double-electric layer capacitor electrode material
CN103043660A (en) * 2012-03-03 2013-04-17 玉山县三清活性炭有限公司 Method for preparing indefinite-form particle active carbon
CN104030286A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-10 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 Spartina alterniflora straw active carbon and preparation method thereof
CN104129777A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-05 武汉科技大学 Multifunctional bio-charcoal and preparation method thereof
CN104275149A (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 中国石油大学(华东) Preparation method and application of modified activated carbon material
CN104307855A (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-01-28 武汉科技大学 Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in situ by adopting multifunctional biological charcoal
CN106904613A (en) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-30 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 A kind of preparation method and applications of activated carbon

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101475165B (en) * 2008-12-25 2011-04-27 东华大学 Method for preparing active carbon from straw stalk
CN102267696A (en) * 2011-07-12 2011-12-07 华东师范大学 Method for preparing active carbon from alternanthera philoxeroides
CN103043660A (en) * 2012-03-03 2013-04-17 玉山县三清活性炭有限公司 Method for preparing indefinite-form particle active carbon
CN102600799A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-25 上海大学 Method for treating wasterwater containing copper by utilizing Spartina alterniflora Loisel-based biochar
CN102602913A (en) * 2012-03-23 2012-07-25 上海大学 Preparation method of biochar
CN102756606A (en) * 2012-07-24 2012-10-31 河南华美生物工程有限公司 Carbon sculpture capable of releasing anions and far infrared rays
CN102757048A (en) * 2012-07-24 2012-10-31 河南华美生物工程有限公司 Method for preparing activated carbon from peonies
CN102874807A (en) * 2012-09-19 2013-01-16 浙江工业大学 Active carbon material and application of same serving as double-electric layer capacitor electrode material
CN104275149A (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 中国石油大学(华东) Preparation method and application of modified activated carbon material
CN104030286A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-10 无锡市崇安区科技创业服务中心 Spartina alterniflora straw active carbon and preparation method thereof
CN104129777A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-11-05 武汉科技大学 Multifunctional bio-charcoal and preparation method thereof
CN104129777B (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-03-30 武汉科技大学 A kind of multifunction charcoal and preparation method thereof
CN104307855A (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-01-28 武汉科技大学 Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in situ by adopting multifunctional biological charcoal
CN106904613A (en) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-30 北京化工大学常州先进材料研究院 A kind of preparation method and applications of activated carbon

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