CN104803381A - Method for preparing activated carbon from Hunan camellia oleifera shells, activated carbon and application of activated carbon - Google Patents
Method for preparing activated carbon from Hunan camellia oleifera shells, activated carbon and application of activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN104803381A CN104803381A CN201510132681.1A CN201510132681A CN104803381A CN 104803381 A CN104803381 A CN 104803381A CN 201510132681 A CN201510132681 A CN 201510132681A CN 104803381 A CN104803381 A CN 104803381A
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- tea camellia
- activated carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon from Hunan camellia oleifera shells, activated carbon and an application of the activated carbon, and belongs to the field of biochemical engineering. The method comprises the following steps: the Hunan camellia oleifera shells are dried, crushed and sieved; Hunan camellia oleifera shell powder is dipped with aqueous alkali; the dipped Hunan camellia oleifera shell powder is subjected to primary activation with microwaves, the temperature for the primary activation is 200-450 DEG C, and the primary activation is performed for 0.5-2 h; the Hunan camellia oleifera shell powder after the primary activation is carbonized and ground to obtain powdered carbon; a strong acid solution is added to the powdered carbon, ash removal is performed through microwave heating at the temperature of 200-450 DEG C for 0.5-1 h, and the powdered carbon after ash removal is washed to neutral; 1-5 times of mass of water is added to the powdered carbon after washing, the mixture is subjected to secondary activation with microwaves until the mixture is dried, then the activated carbon is obtained, and the temperature for the secondary activation is 200-450 DEG C. The activated carbon prepared with the method is applicable to a supercapacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac and this gac and application thereof, belong to biological chemical field.
Background technology
The energy, environmental problem are the major issues that the whole world faces, and in the trend be on the rise, and force various countries to strive to find new forms of energy and new energy conversion and storing mode.Ultracapacitor is as the storage of energy and transform mode, because of advantages such as charge rate are fast, power is large, the life-span is long, be widely used in electronic product (coordinating machine, computer memory), also start to be applied to electromobile, lifting machine, subway homenergic is supplementary and reclaim.Gac is the electrode materials that ultracapacitor uses the earliest, is also the sole carbon material of current commercialization double layer capacitor.The performance of gac and price become the key factor of the development of restriction ultracapacitor and application.
The source of gac mainly contains three kinds, comprises activated carbon from activated sludge (shell, trees etc.), coal mass active carbon, resin activity charcoal.The quality of coal mass active carbon is subject to the impact of ature of coal amount, particularly resource-constrained, non-renewable characteristic constrains its development.The stable performance of resin activity charcoal, but resin making technique is complicated, expensive.With biomass be raw material prepare gac, there is aboundresources, a little reproducible, meet the needs of low-carbon (LC) social development, become the focus of people's research and development gradually.Particularly shell is as the byproduct of agricultural, and resource is very abundant, itself has abundant natural void structure, is the high quality raw material being prepared into gac.But the problems such as the existing patented technology preparing super capacitor active carbon exists acid or alkali consumption is large, if the concentration of acid when Chinese patent (CN 102205963 A) prepares super capacitor active carbon is up to 72%, alkali charcoal mass ratio when Chinese patent (CN 103539114 A) prepares super capacitor active carbon is up to 5:1), a high proportion of like this acid, alkaloid substance, not only corrodibility by force, easily causes environmental pollution but also directly causes production cost higher.At present, coconut husk, Pericarppium Armeniacae Amarum etc. are used as the main source of ultracapacitor gac, but these materials are subject to the impact of climate reasons in China, and resource distribution region is strong, limited source.
Oil-tea camellia husks is the by product after tea seed is separated kernel.Oil tea is the characteristic woody oleiferous plants crop of China, is mainly distributed in the provinces such as Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi.Hunan oil-tea camellia husks and the place of production are the oil-tea camellia husks in Hunan.The existing oil tea area about 400 × 10 of China
4hm
2, produce camellia oleifera fruit nearly 560 × 10 per year
4t.In recent years, country carries forward vigorously the development of camellia oleiferaindustry, and tea-oil tree yield grows steadily year by year.Hunan oil-tea camellia husks accounts for 60% of camellia oleifera fruit weight, and resource is very abundant.Current Hunan oil-tea camellia husks major part is scattered in peasant's hand, and the basic fuel being used as to warm oneself by a fire winter uses, and added value is low, contaminate environment.
Hunan oil-tea camellia husks, primarily of the composition such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose, is the high quality raw material preparing gac.Along with the reinforcement realized the utilization of resources, people start to utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare absorption gac (a. Li Jiaxing etc., processing of farm products (academic periodical), 2013,10:20-24; B. horsepower etc., grain and foodstuffs industry, 2009,16 (3): 19-21; C. Long Liujin etc., Guangxi University's journal: natural science edition, 2012,37 (3): 425-429), but the quality of prepared gac is all not high, only can be used as industrial adsorbents and uses.Chinese patent (CN 102502628 A, CN 103011155 A) all adopts high-concentration phosphoric acid (80%) to process the gac of Hunan oil-tea camellia husks for the preparation of absorption; Chinese patent (CN 103030710 A) then adopts high density zinc chloride (50%) or high-alkali charcoal ratio (4:1) to process the gac of Hunan oil-tea camellia husks for the preparation of absorption.These technology use the acid of high density or high alkali charcoal ratio, all belong to traditional active charcoal preparing process, there is the problems such as cost is high, environmental pollution serious, quality product is not high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, reduces and utilizes Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare the production cost of gac, improves the quality product of gac.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, provides a kind of method utilizing Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac, comprises the following steps:
(1) by dry for Hunan oil-tea camellia husks, broken, sieve, obtain Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder;
(2) with alkaline solution, described Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder is flooded again;
(3) once activated by the Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder microwave after dipping, the temperature once activated is 200 ~ 450 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 2h;
(4) by once activation after Hunan oil-tea camellia husks burgy, through pulverizing to obtain powdered carbon;
(5) in described powdered carbon, add strong acid solution, heated by microwave ash disposal, the temperature of ash disposal be 200 ~ 450 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 1h, after ash disposal with water by powdered carbon washing to neutral;
(6) add the water of 1 ~ 5 times of quality in powdered carbon after washing, carry out re-activation until drying with microwave, obtain gac, the temperature of re-activation is 200 ~ 450 DEG C.
Further, described alkaline solution is NaOH or the KOH solution of 2 ~ 5wt%.
Further, described dipping temperature is 70 ~ 90 DEG C, the time is 7 ~ 24h.
Further, in described step (1), the particle diameter of Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder is 20 ~ 100 orders.
Further, the particle diameter of described powdered carbon is 4 ~ 8 μm.
Further, described strong acid solution is HCl or H of 0.5 ~ 5wt%
2sO
4solution.
Further, the temperature of described charing is 700 ~ 900 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 2h.
The present invention further provides use aforesaid method, utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to produce gac.
Further, the aperture of described gac is 3 ~ 4nm.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned gac in ultracapacitor.
The present invention utilizes resourceful oil tea shell to be raw material, with lower concentration diluted alkaline pre-treatment starting material, technology such as microwave-assisted activation reaming and second reaming etc., achieves the preparation of high-quality ultracapacitor gac.
The principle of microwave heating is that polar material molecule absorbs electromagnetic energy in microwave electromagnetic field, produces heat energy with hypervelocity vibration.Therefore, microwave heating have evenly, feature fast.The present invention utilizes microwave heating pre-treatment Hunan oil-tea camellia husks, be conducive to driving alkali (as NaOH/KOH) inner and micropore diffusion to its biological tissue cell, increase activity and the speed of reaction of the composition such as lignin degrading, Mierocrystalline cellulose, thus reduce paper mill wastewater, shorten the treatment time and can reach the object of producing gac; And then be conducive to protection production unit, reduction production cost and protection of the environment.
Utilize microwave heating ash disposal, activation and dry time, owing to heating object being three-dimensional type of heating simultaneously from inside to outside, drive water molecules inner in hole simultaneously, particularly the aperture of micropore (diameter is less than 2nm) repeatedly diffusion motion carry out re-activation reaming, and it is through to be conducive between multi-stage porous, the ratio of obvious increase mesopore, reaches ultracapacitor to the rational requirement of absorbent charcoal material pore size distribution, and then adds the electrochemical activity of ultracapacitor.Wherein, ash disposal refers to the process of non-carbon Impurity removal in gac, is mainly the metallics in removing gac.
The temperature and time of microwave heating is the most important parameter in aperture controlling gac, if the temperature of microwave heating is too high or heat-up time is long, the aperture of gac can be caused to grow up, and excessive aperture can affect the performance of gac.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, in conjunction with microwave activation, ash cleaning technology, use the alkaline solution of lower concentration can realize utilizing Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac, this Properties of Activated Carbon is excellent, and mesopore proportion is high, and ratio capacitance is high, can be used in ultracapacitor.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The method that what the present embodiment provided utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac comprises the following steps:
A. Hunan oil-tea camellia husks is dried at the temperature of 250 DEG C, be crushed to certain particle size, cross 20 mesh sieves for subsequent use.
B. be that 1:4 floods by 20 object Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder and 2%KOH mass ratio, temperature is 70 DEG C, and the time is 24h.
C. once activated by the Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder microwave flooded, the temperature once activated is 200 DEG C, and the time is 2h.
D. by once activation after Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder charring furnace carbonize, temperature is 700 DEG C, and the time is 2h; Pulverize through twin rollers again, then pulverize further with ball mill, obtain the powdered carbon that particle size range is 4 ~ 7 μm.
E. above-mentioned powdered carbon concentration is 0.5% hydrochloric acid heated by microwave ash disposal, and temperature is 450 DEG C, and the time is 0.5h, then filters and washs to neutral with high purity water.
F. add the ultrapure water with quality such as powdered carbons again, by microwave heating temperature to 450 DEG C, the time is that 0.5h carries out re-activation, until dry, obtains activated carbon product.
After testing, this gac specific surface area is 1268m
2/ g, iodine sorption value 560.60mg/g, methylene blue adsorption value 450.58mg/g, density is 0.45g/mL, and mean pore size is 3.8nm, pH=6, and the ratio capacitance of electrical condenser is 268F/g.
embodiment 2
The method that what the present embodiment provided utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac comprises the following steps:
A. Hunan oil-tea camellia husks is dried at the temperature of 250 DEG C, be crushed to certain particle size, cross 50 mesh sieves for subsequent use.
B. be that 1:1 floods by 50 object Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder and 3%KOH mass ratio, temperature is 90 DEG C, and the time is 7h.
C. once activated by the Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder microwave flooded, the temperature once activated is 450 DEG C, and the time is 0.5h.
D. by once activation after Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder charring furnace carbonize, temperature is 900 DEG C, and the time is 0.5h; Pulverize through twin rollers again, then pulverize further with ball mill, obtain the powdered carbon that particle size range is 4 ~ 8 μm.
E. above-mentioned powdered carbon concentration is 2% hydrochloric acid heated by microwave ash disposal, and temperature is 200 DEG C, and the time is 1h, then filters and washs to neutral with high purity water.
F. add 3 times again to the ultrapure water of powdered carbon quality, carry out re-activation with microwave heating, microwave heating temperature is 450 DEG C, and activation, until dry, obtains activated carbon product.。
After testing, this gac specific surface area is 1310m
2/ g, iodine sorption value 479.60mg/g, methylene blue adsorption value 419.70mg/g, density is 0.42g/ml, and mean pore size is 3.3nm, pH=8, and the ratio capacitance of electrical condenser is 256F/g.
embodiment 3
The method that what the present embodiment provided utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare gac comprises the following steps:
A. Hunan oil-tea camellia husks is dried at the temperature of 250 DEG C, be crushed to certain particle size, cross 100 mesh sieves for subsequent use.
B. be that 1:2 floods by 100 object Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder and 5%KOH mass ratio, temperature is 80 DEG C, and the time is 18h.
C. once activated by the Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder microwave flooded, the temperature once activated is 200 DEG C, and the time is 1h.
D. by once activation after raw material charring furnace carbonize, temperature is 700 DEG C, and the time is 1.5h; Pulverize through twin rollers again, then pulverize further with ball mill, obtain the powdered carbon that particle size range is 4 ~ 7 μm.
E. above-mentioned powdered carbon concentration is 0.5% hydrochloric acid heated by microwave ash disposal, and temperature is 450 DEG C, and the time is 1h, then filters and washs to neutral with high purity water.
F. add 2 times again to the ultrapure water of powdered carbon quality, by microwave heating temperature to 300 DEG C, carry out re-activation, to continue with microwave heating, until drying, to obtain activated carbon product.
After testing, this gac specific surface area is 1258m
2/ g, iodine sorption value 529.60mg/g, methylene blue adsorption value 453.58mg/g, density is 0.45g/ml, and mean pore size is 3.2nm, pH=6, and the electric capacity of electrical condenser is 232F/g.
Claims (10)
1. utilize Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare a method for gac, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) by dry for Hunan oil-tea camellia husks, broken, sieve, obtain Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder;
(2) with alkaline solution, described Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder is flooded again;
(3) once activated by the Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder microwave after dipping, the temperature once activated is 200 ~ 450 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 2h;
(4) by once activation after Hunan oil-tea camellia husks burgy, through pulverizing to obtain powdered carbon;
(5) in described powdered carbon, add strong acid solution, heated by microwave ash disposal, the temperature of ash disposal be 200 ~ 450 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 1h, after ash disposal with water by powdered carbon washing to neutral;
(6) add the water of 1 ~ 5 times of quality in powdered carbon after washing, carry out re-activation until drying with microwave, obtain gac, the temperature of re-activation is 200 ~ 450 DEG C.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described alkaline solution is NaOH or the KOH solution of 2 ~ 5wt%.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described dipping temperature is 70 ~ 90 DEG C, the time is 7 ~ 24h.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), the particle diameter of Hunan oil-tea camellia husks powder is 20 ~ 100 orders.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described powdered carbon is 4 ~ 8 μm.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described strong acid solution is HCl or H of 0.5 ~ 5wt%
2sO
4solution.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature of described charing is 700 ~ 900 DEG C, the time is 0.5 ~ 2h.
8. the gac utilizing Hunan oil-tea camellia husks to prepare, is characterized in that, uses the method described in any one of claim 1 ~ 7 to produce.
9. gac as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the aperture of described gac is 3 ~ 4nm.
10. the application of gac as claimed in claim 8 or 9 in ultracapacitor.
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| CN201510132681.1A CN104803381B (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2015-03-25 | Hunan oil-tea camellia husks is utilized to prepare method and this activated carbon and the application thereof of activated carbon |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106047508A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 福建师范大学 | Preparation method of detergent capable of removing fruit and vegetable pesticide residues |
| CN106276899A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Ultracapacitor carbon material prepared by a kind of fast-growing grass and production method thereof |
| CN110010358A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Biomass porous carbon confinement carrying transition metal sulfide electrode material preparation method |
| CN110902677A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 金永哲 | Preparation method of activated carbon for decoloring adipic acid |
| CN112357920A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-12 | 大连民族大学 | Method for preparing activated carbon by using camellia oleifera shells as raw materials through microwave chemical activation method |
| CN112408390A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 西北化工研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing activated carbon adsorbent from kerosene co-refining residues |
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| CN102205960A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-05 | 河南省核力科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing activated carbon electrode material for super capacitor |
| CN103435039A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-11 | 西安工程大学 | Method for preparing fallen phoenix tree leaf-doped muddy active carbon by microwave irradiation |
| US20140161709A1 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-12 | Wisys Technology | Rapid, Non-Pyrolytic Method of Making Activated Carbon |
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| JP4266711B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2009-05-20 | 株式会社カナック | Method and apparatus for producing activated carbon by microwave heating |
| CN102205960A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-05 | 河南省核力科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing activated carbon electrode material for super capacitor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106047508A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 福建师范大学 | Preparation method of detergent capable of removing fruit and vegetable pesticide residues |
| CN106276899A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Ultracapacitor carbon material prepared by a kind of fast-growing grass and production method thereof |
| CN110010358A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Biomass porous carbon confinement carrying transition metal sulfide electrode material preparation method |
| CN110010358B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-11-06 | 南昌航空大学 | Preparation method of biomass porous carbon confinement transition metal sulfide loaded electrode material |
| CN110902677A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 金永哲 | Preparation method of activated carbon for decoloring adipic acid |
| CN112357920A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-12 | 大连民族大学 | Method for preparing activated carbon by using camellia oleifera shells as raw materials through microwave chemical activation method |
| CN112408390A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 西北化工研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing activated carbon adsorbent from kerosene co-refining residues |
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