CN101258403A - Ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic flaw detector, ultrasonic flaw detecting method and production method of seamless pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an ultrasonic flaw detecting method comprising the step of disposing a ultrasonic probe (1) provided with a plurality of vibrators (11) to face a tubular object to be detected P, and the step of selecting a proper vibrator from the plurality of vibrators to have it transmit/receive a ultrasonic wav e so that the propagation direction of a ultrasonic wave within the tubular object to be detected has a plurality of different propagation directions, characterized in that a flaw detection condition by the ultrasonic probe is set so that the external refraction angles .theta.r of the ultrasonic wave f or the plurality of propagation directions are respectively almost equal and/or the internal refraction angles .theta.k of the ultrasonic wave for the plurality of propagation directions are respectively almost equal.

Description

The manufacture method of ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic flaw detecting device, defect detection on ultrasonic basis and solid drawn tube

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for to use ultrasound wave detect tubuloses such as being present in steel pipe detected a flaw part scar ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic flaw detecting device, defect detection on ultrasonic basis and use this method to make the method for solid drawn tube, particularly relate to can high precision and detect at high speed with respect to tubulose detected a flaw part the scar that axially has various angles of inclination ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic flaw detecting device, defect detection on ultrasonic basis and use this method to make the method for solid drawn tube.

Background technology

In recent years, the raising along with to the high-qualityization requirement of pipe exists the nondestructive inspection (NDI) standard of pipe to tend to severization.

For example, can make like this, that is, form hollow shell, and utilize rolling this hollow shell such as mandrel mill, thereby make solid drawn tube by utilizing roll piercing mill that steel billet is bored a hole as the solid drawn tube of representative pipe.In this solid drawn tube, exist with respect to the scar that axially has various angles of inclination (below, suitably be called " inclination scar ").

In general, this inclination scar is that the longitudinal crack that originally exists in the invar base is out of shape vertically in above-mentioned manufacturing process and produces, or the scar transfer printing that exists on the guide surface because of the guide block (guide shoe) at the mill train center that is used to keep hollow shell produces.Therefore, the inclination scar changes with respect to the difference of the axial angle of inclination of solid drawn tube because of the generation reason of the caliber of solid drawn tube, inclination scar.That is, in solid drawn tube, there is inclination scar with various angles of inclination.

Because the environment for use of solid drawn tube is tended to severization year by year, therefore require its high-qualityization, also be strict with and detect above-mentioned inclination scar accurately.

But, in the past, the various methods that are used for detecting the inclination scar that is present in solid drawn tube had been proposed.

For example, the spy of Japan open clear 55-116251 communique (below, be called patent documentation 1) in a kind of such method proposed: according to position and angle of inclination,, thereby detect the inclination scar with suitable position and angle of inclination configuration ultrasonic probe as the inclination scar of detected object.

But there is such problem in patent documentation 1 described method: owing to all need to change according to the angle of inclination as the inclination scar of detected object the angle of inclination of ultrasonic probe, therefore very waste time and energy at every turn.In addition, be present in inclination scar in the solid drawn tube, that have various angles of inclination as described above, need to prepare many ultrasonic probes if will detect with the operation of once detecting a flaw, and with they angle of inclination configurations to have nothing in common with each other.That is, exist the configuration settings of ultrasonic probe and correction etc. comparatively complicated and must need large-scale plant, cause cost such problem that rises.

In order to solve the problem points in the above-mentioned patent documentation 1 described method, the spy of Japan open clear 61-223553 communique (below, be called patent documentation 2) in a kind of method of detection of using array-type ultrasonic probe has been proposed, this array-type ultrasonic probe is arranged in row with a plurality of oscillators (ultrasound wave receives to send and uses element).More particularly, be method as follows: the orientation by making above-mentioned oscillator is axial consistent with pipe, and makes ultrasonic probe dispose this ultrasonic probe prejudicially with respect to the axle center of pipe, thereby the transversal wave ultrasonic ripple is propagated in the pipe.And, by sending the electron scanning that electrical control is carried out in the ultrasonic reception transmission opportunity to receiving by each oscillator, hyperacoustic angle of inclination that change receive to be sent by ultrasonic probe (with respect to tubular axis to the angle of inclination), thereby detect inclination scar with various angles of inclination.

But, in patent documentation 2 described methods, mainly have following two problems (the 1st problem and the 2nd problem).

The 1st problem

Fig. 1 is an example of the relation of the angle of inclination (bearing of trend of inclination scar and tubular axis to angle) of the inclination scar in expression the present inventor method of detection that confirm by experiment, that use the array-type ultrasonic probe and reflection wave intensity.Be described more specifically, Fig. 1 represents: the offset when disposing this ultrasonic probe prejudicially in the axle center that makes the array-type ultrasonic identical with patent documentation 2 described structures probe with respect to pipe is under the state of steady state value, utilizes electron scanning to change hyperacoustic angle of inclination according to the angle of inclination of each inclination scar, thereby under the bearing of trend that makes the inclination scar and the situation that sends hyperacoustic direction of propagation (from the direction of propagation that the normal direction of the pitch plane of the pipe that comprises hyperacoustic incidence point is seen) quadrature from ultrasonic probe, the reflection wave intensity at each inclination scar place (making the angle of inclination is the reflection strength of 0 ° the inclination scar relative intensity when being 0dB).As shown in Figure 1, the present inventor has found such problem: in patent documentation 2 described methods, even onesize inclination scar (dark 0.5mm * long 25mm), corresponding to the angle of inclination difference of inclination scar, the reflection wave intensity is also different.

As mentioned above, the present inventor finds, exist in patent documentation 2 described methods corresponding to the different and different such problems of reflection wave intensity in the angle of inclination of inclination scar, this problem might cause the scar that omission is harmful or excessively detect the small scar that need not detect.

The 2nd problem

Send ultrasonic reception transmission and carrying out the electron scanning of electrical control opportunity, changing by ultrasonic probe and receive under the situation at the hyperacoustic angle of inclination that sends receiving, need carry out repeatedly at the privileged site of pipe and electron scanning as the corresponding number of times in angle of inclination of the inclination scar of detected object by each oscillator to described array-type ultrasonics probe by patent documentation 2.That is, for example will the inclination scar that have 3 differing tilt angles respectively be detected, then need carry out 3 electron scannings repeatedly at the privileged site of pipe, compare when having the scar at a direction angle of inclination with detection, flaw detection efficient is reduced to 1/3.

Be described more specifically, the privileged site of pipe is carried out the needed time of UT (Ultrasonic Testing) 1 time, except the external diameter that depends on pipe, wall thickness, also depend on the distance of ultrasonic probe and pipe etc., be roughly about 50～100 μ sec.That is, the flaw detection number of times (inspection speed) of privileged site in the unit interval as to pipe is to the maximum about 10000～20000 times/sec.Therefore, below the speed (change frequency) of utilizing above-mentioned electron scanning to change hyperacoustic angle of inclination also has to become about 10000～20000 times/sec, although compare the speed of electron scanning own is exceedingly fast with mechanical scanning, along with the quantity as the angle of inclination of the inclination scar of detected object increases, flaw detection efficient also can reduce.

As mentioned above, in patent documentation 2 described methods, exist because of the quantity as the angle of inclination of the inclination scar of detected object, the problem that flaw detection efficient is reduced.

On the other hand, open among the clear 59-163563 (below, be called patent documentation 3) the spy of Japan, proposed a kind of such method: in order to detect inclination scar with various angles of inclination, use is arranged in rectangular oscillator group, makes ultrasound wave along any direction incident.More particularly, from the oscillator group, select a plurality of any oscillators, be somebody's turn to do the electron scanning that receives transmission opportunity (driving time), change hyperacoustic incident direction arbitrarily by electrical control.So, disclose the pattern that will change excusing from death ripple incident direction in advance and made program and store such content.

But, patent documentation 3 is not mentioned and is caused reflecting wave intensity the 1st such problem that changes corresponding to the angle of inclination of the above-mentioned scar that respectively tilts, for in order addressing this problem, to utilize what kind of change pattern to change the ultrasound wave incident direction and get final product this point more without any open.In addition, also have with above-mentioned patent documentation 2 described methods in the same problem of the 2nd problem.That is, exist because of making flaw detection efficient reduce such problem by carrying out electron scanning repeatedly with the corresponding number of times in angle of inclination as the inclination scar of detected object.

The object that the problem points of above-mentioned conventional art is not limited to UT (Ultrasonic Testing) is the situation of solid drawn tube, and the detected a flaw UT (Ultrasonic Testing) of part of all tubuloses that may produce the inclination scar for weld pipes such as for example spiral pipe, bore hole axletree etc. has.

Summary of the invention

The present invention promptly makes for the problem points that solves such conventional art, its problem be to provide a kind of can high precision and detect at high speed with respect to tubulose detected a flaw part the scar that axially has various angles of inclination ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic flaw detecting device, defect detection on ultrasonic basis and use this method to make the method for solid drawn tube.

In order to solve above-mentioned problem, the present inventor has furtherd investigate content as described below.

Fig. 2 is the angle of inclination of the inclination scar in expression the present inventor method of detection that find by numerical evaluation, that use the array-type ultrasonic probe and the ultrasound wave figure to the relation of the incident angle of inclination scar incident.More specifically describe, Fig. 2 represents: (will be set at 10 according to the circumferential incident angle α i to pipe incident that offset is determined in suitably setting, ° 16, ° 19 °) offset when disposing the array-type ultrasonic probe identical with patent documentation 2 described structures prejudicially with respect to the axle center of pipe ratio=11% of external diameter (wall thickness with), utilize electron scanning to change hyperacoustic angle of inclination corresponding to the angle of inclination of each inclination scar, thereby make the bearing of trend of inclination scar with under the situation of hyperacoustic direction of propagation quadrature that ultrasonic probe sends, ultrasound wave is to the incident angle of each inclination scar incident.Fig. 2 (a) expression is to incident angle (inside surface refraction angle) the θ k of the inside surface scar incident that is present in pipe internal surface, and Fig. 2 (b) expression is to incident angle (outside surface refraction angle) the θ r of the outside surface scar incident that is present in tube outer surface.As shown in Figure 2, the present inventor finds, at inside surface scar and outside surface scar among both, all being hyperacoustic incident angles changes corresponding to the angle of inclination of inclination scar.The present inventor finds, why reflect as described above wave intensity corresponding to the angle of inclination of inclination scar and difference (with reference to Fig. 1) is because: even utilize electron scanning to change hyperacoustic angle of inclination so that the bearing of trend of inclination scar and hyperacoustic direction of propagation quadrature from ultrasonic probe sends corresponding to the angle of inclination of each inclination scar, as shown in Figure 2, outside surface refraction angle and inside surface refraction angle also can change corresponding to the angle of inclination (according to hyperacoustic direction of propagation) of each scar that tilts.

Based on above discovery, the present inventor expects:

(1) if will detect a flaw condition enactment for hyperacoustic direction of propagation, outside surface refraction angle (perhaps inside surface refraction angle) all about equally, then regardless of hyperacoustic direction of propagation, can obtain for outside surface scar (perhaps inside surface scar) reflection wave intensity about equally, thereby can detect scar accurately with various angles of inclination;

(2) can be along a plurality of different directions of propagation roughly simultaneously the tubulose part of being detected a flaw be received and sends hyperacoustic structure by making, can solve flaw detection efficient and reduce such problem;

As a result, can high precision and detect scar at high speed with various angles of inclination.

The present invention finishes according to foregoing invention people's discovery.That is, the invention provides a kind of defect detection on ultrasonic basis, as described in technical scheme 1, the method is characterized in that, this defect detection on ultrasonic basis comprises the steps: to have the part configuration over the ground of practising physiognomy of being detected a flaw of the ultrasonic probe of a plurality of oscillators and tubulose; From above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators, select suitable oscillator to receive the transmission ultrasound wave, so that become a plurality of different directions of propagation by the hyperacoustic direction of propagation in the part of detecting a flaw at above-mentioned tubulose, the condition that setting is detected a flaw by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe, make the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant respectively about equally, and/or the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation respectively about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.

Adopt such invention, setting under the condition of detecting a flaw, feasible hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r difference situation about equally relevant with a plurality of directions of propagation by ultrasonic probe, regardless of a plurality of directions of propagation, can obtain outer surface scar reflection wave intensity about equally.In addition, setting the condition detect a flaw by ultrasonic probe so that the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with a plurality of directions of propagation distinguishes under about equally the situation, regardless of a plurality of directions of propagation, can obtain internal injurious surface mark reflection wave intensity about equally.And, setting the condition detect a flaw by ultrasonic probe so that hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with a plurality of directions of propagation and inside surface refraction angle θ k distinguish under about equally the situation, regardless of a plurality of directions of propagation, can obtain for inside surface scar and inside surface scar reflection wave intensity about equally.Therefore, can detect a plurality of scars (outside surface scar and/or inside surface scar) that extend with the direction of a plurality of directions of propagation quadrature along respectively accurately.

In addition, by roughly simultaneously the tubulose part of being detected a flaw receive being sent ultrasound wave, can detect a plurality of scars that extend with the direction of direction of propagation quadrature along respectively at high speed along a plurality of different directions of propagation.

As mentioned above, adopt defect detection on ultrasonic basis of the present invention, can high precision and detect the scar that is axially had various angles of inclination with respect to tubulose by the part of detecting a flaw at high speed.In addition, " the ultrasonic propagation direction " among the present invention expression is from the tubulose that the comprises hyperacoustic incidence point ultrasonic propagation direction that the normal direction of pitch plane of part sees of being detected a flaw.In addition, " outside surface refraction angle " expression, on tubulose is detected a flaw the ultrasonic propagation face of part P, to tubulose by the part P that detects a flaw in the ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) of incident arrive tubulose the detected a flaw tubulose at some B place of part P outside surface detected a flaw normal L1, and the angle theta r (with reference to Fig. 4 (d)) of above-mentioned ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) of part P.In addition, " inside surface refraction angle " expression, on tubulose is detected a flaw the ultrasonic propagation face of part P, to tubulose by the part P that detects a flaw in the ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) of incident arrive tubulose the detected a flaw tubulose at some A place of part P inside surface detected a flaw normal L2, and the angle theta k (with reference to Fig. 4 (d)) of above-mentioned ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) of part P.And, " the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle relevant with a plurality of directions of propagation (perhaps inside surface refraction angle) difference is about equally " expression, the mobility scale at outside surface refraction angle (perhaps inside surface refraction angle) is in 10 °.

As being used for making as described above the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant respectively about equally and/or make the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant about equally concrete grammar respectively with a plurality of directions of propagation with a plurality of directions of propagation, for example, consider to use the method that a plurality of oscillators is arranged in the rectangular ultrasonic probe that forms usually.Promptly, be preferably, as described in technical scheme 2, adopt such method: a plurality of oscillators of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe in the plane or be arranged in rectangular on the curved surface, determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, make the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant respectively about equally and/or the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k that is correlated with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation is distinguished about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.In addition, " a plurality of oscillators are arranged on curved surface " among the present invention used as such meaning, promptly, except each oscillator (vibration plane of each oscillator) forms the situation of curved surface in the mode consistent with a part of shape of curved surface, comprise that also each oscillator (vibration plane of each oscillator) is to form situation plane and that arrange with the tangent mode of curved surface respectively.

Specifically, as described in technical scheme 3, for the oscillator that the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation selected respectively about equally for example can be determined as follows.Promptly, come to determine that based on following formula (1) ultrasound wave relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation is to above-mentioned tubulose the detected a flaw circumferential incident angle α i and the axial incident angle β i of part incident respectively, make hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (1) distinguish about equally, thereby can determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, to obtain above-mentioned definite circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i.

[several 1]

θr＝sin ^-1({(Vs/Vi) ²·(sin ²βi+cos ²βi·sin ²αi)} ^1/2) …(1)

At this, the Vs in the following formula (1) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.In addition, " circumferentially incident angle " expression among the present invention, on tubulose is detected a flaw the circumferential cross-section of part P, the tubulose at the incidence point O place of ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) detected a flaw part P normal L3, with the angle α i (with reference to Fig. 4 (b)) of above-mentioned ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam).And, " axially incident angle " expression, on tubulose is detected a flaw the axial cross section of part P, the tubulose at the incidence point O place of ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) detected a flaw part P normal L4, with the angle β i (with reference to Fig. 4 (c)) of above-mentioned ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam).

In addition, specifically, as described in technical scheme 4, for the oscillator that the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation selected respectively about equally for example can be determined as follows.Promptly, come to determine that based on following formula (1)～(6) ultrasound wave relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation is to above-mentioned tubulose the detected a flaw circumferential incident angle α i and the axial incident angle β i of part incident respectively, make hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (2) distinguish about equally, thereby can determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, to obtain above-mentioned definite circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i.

[several 2]

θk＝cos ^-1(cosθr·cosφ-sinθr·cosγ·sinφ) …(2)

At this, outside surface refraction angle θ r, the propagation angle γ in the following formula (2), and angle φ respectively with following formula (1), (3) and (4) expression.

[several 3]

θr＝sin ^-1({(Vs/Vi) ²·(sin ²βi+cos ²βi·sin ²αi)} ^1/2) …(1)

$\mathrm{\γ}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\βi}}{\cos \mathrm{\βi}\·\sin \mathrm{\αi}}\right)\·\·\·\left(3\right)$

φ＝sin ^-1(k·sinθ’)-θ’ …(4)

In addition, the Vs in the following formula (1) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.In addition, k in the following formula (4) and θ ' are respectively with following formula (5) and (6) expression.

[several 4]

$k=\frac{1}{1-2(t/D)}\·\·\·\left(5\right)$

θ’＝cosγ·tanθr …(6)

In addition, the t/D in the following formula (5) represents tubulose the detected a flaw wall thickness of part and the ratio of external diameter.In addition, in the present invention, " propagation angle " expression, to tubulose by the part P that detects a flaw in incident ultrasound wave (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) the direction of propagation (from the tubulose that the comprises hyperacoustic incidence point O direction of propagation that the normal direction of part P pitch plane sees of being detected a flaw), with the angle γ (with reference to Fig. 4 (a)) of the circumferential tangent line L of the part P that detected a flaw by the tubulose of incidence point O.

On the other hand, as being used for making as described above the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant respectively about equally and/or make the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant about equally concrete grammar respectively with a plurality of directions of propagation with a plurality of directions of propagation, for example, consider that usually use comprises the method for the ultrasonic probe of a plurality of oscillators that the annular surface of edge regulation is arranged.Promptly, be preferably, as described in technical scheme 5, adopt such method: above-mentioned ultrasonic probe comprises a plurality of oscillators of arranging along annular surface, and this curved surface is by practising physiognomy right with the center of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution of no-go gauge and the middle heart that do not clip this ellipsoid of revolution and cutting off the curved surface that this ellipsoid of revolution obtains with two parallel planes of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution; Dispose over the ground in the step of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe being practised physiognomy by the part of detecting a flaw with above-mentioned tubulose, the major diameter direction that is configured to make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part axially, the minor axis direction of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially, and the center of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution is over against the detected a flaw axle center of part of above-mentioned tubulose, determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, make the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant respectively about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, and/or make the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant respectively about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.In addition, " along a plurality of oscillators of annular surface arrangement " among the present invention use as such meaning, promptly, except each oscillator (vibration plane of each oscillator) forms the situation of curved surface in the mode consistent with a part of shape of annular surface, comprise that also each oscillator (vibration plane of each oscillator) is to form situation plane and that arrange with the tangent mode of annular surface respectively.In addition, use as such meaning at " center of ellipsoid of revolution over against tubulose detected a flaw the axle center of part " among the present invention, that is, the center by ellipsoid of revolution and with the straight line (turning axle that is equivalent to ellipsoid of revolution) of two parallel planar quadrature by the detected a flaw axle center of part of tubulose.In addition, " ellipsoid of revolution " among the present invention uses as the term that also comprises the spheroid that major diameter equates with minor axis.

The annular surface shape that the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation is so about equally respectively, for example, can be as determining as described in the technical scheme 6.Promptly, calculate the ultrasound wave relevant to the detected a flaw incident angle θ w of part incident of above-mentioned tubulose based on following formula (7) respectively with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, make hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (7) distinguish about equally, thereby determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, to obtain the above-mentioned incident angle θ w that calculates.

[several 5]

sinθr＝Vs/Vi·sinθw …(7)

At this, the Vs in the following formula (7) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.In addition, " ultrasound wave detected a flaw to tubulose the incident angle of part incident " expression among the present invention, on tubulose is detected a flaw the ultrasonic propagation face of part P, the tubulose at the incidence point O place of ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam) detected a flaw part P normal L3, with the angle theta w (with reference to Fig. 6 (d)) of above-mentioned ultrasound wave U (center line of ultrasound wave light beam).In addition, if determine incident angle θ w, then according to Snell law (Snell ' s law), refraction angle θ s is determined by unique, therefore, " setting incident angle θ w " among the present invention is such notion, promptly, not only comprise the situation of the setting incident angle θ w that puts down in writing as literal, also comprise the situation of setting refraction angle θ s.

In addition, the annular surface shape that the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation is so about equally respectively, for example, can be as determining as described in the technical scheme 7.Promptly, calculate the ultrasound wave relevant to the detected a flaw incident angle θ w of part incident of above-mentioned tubulose based on following formula (7) respectively with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, make hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (2) distinguish about equally, thereby determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, to obtain the above-mentioned incident angle θ w that calculates.

[several 6]

θk＝cos ^-1(cosθr·cosφ-sinθr·cosγ·sinφ) …(2)

At this, outside surface refraction angle θ r, the propagation angle γ in the following formula (2), and angle φ respectively with following formula (7), (3) and (4) expression.

[several 7]

sinθr＝Vs/Vi·sinθw …(7)

$\mathrm{\γ}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\βi}}{\cos \mathrm{\βi}\·\sin \mathrm{\αi}}\right)\·\·\·\left(3\right)$

φ＝sin ^-1(k·sinθ’)-θ’ …(4)

In addition, the Vs in the following formula (7) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.In addition, k in the following formula (4) and θ ' are respectively with following formula (5) and (6) expression.

[several 8]

$k=\frac{1}{1-2(t/D)}\·\·\·\left(5\right)$

θ’＝cosγ·tanθr …(6)

In addition, the t/D in the following formula (5) represents tubulose the detected a flaw wall thickness of part and the ratio of external diameter.

At this, the detected a flaw flaw detection of part of tubulose utilizes the oblique angle method of detection to finish usually, and ultrasonic shear waves is used in this oblique angle method of detection.This oblique angle method of detection makes ultrasound wave go into tubulose by the part of detecting a flaw with the angle oblique fire more than or equal to the compressional wave critical angle, makes ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the tubulose part surface total reflection of being detected a flaw, and on the other hand, ultrasonic shear waves is propagated in tubulose is detected a flaw part.At this moment, the refraction angle of ultrasonic shear waves (shear refraction angle) must be about more than 35 °.Therefore, tubulose is detected a flaw part when detecting a flaw utilizing method of the present invention, with the major diameter direction along tubulose detected a flaw part axially, the minor axis direction along tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially, and the center of ellipsoid of revolution disposes ultrasonic probe over against near the detected a flaw mode of axis position tubulose is detected a flaw the outside surface of part of part of tubulose, make its with situation that tubulose is faced mutually by the part of detecting a flaw under, for make to tubulose by the part of detecting a flaw in the ultrasonic longitudinal wave of incident lack slightly, as long as determining the shape of annular surface becomes as follows, that is, thus make at least from be positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe oscillator (ultrasound wave that sends to the pipe incident incident angle, being the oscillator of refraction angle maximum) ultrasound wave that sends detected a flaw with the shear refraction angle tubulose more than 35 ° and propagated in the part.

Therefore, be preferably, as as described in the technical scheme 8, get final product, promptly, dispose over the ground in the step of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe being practised physiognomy by the part of detecting a flaw with above-mentioned tubulose, the center that is configured to make above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution over against above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part the axle center and be positioned at above-mentioned tubulose and detected a flaw near the outside surface of part, determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, thus make in above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators, be to be positioned at ultrasound wave that the oscillator of the length-diameter part of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe sends to propagate at least with the part of being detected a flaw of the above-mentioned tubulose of shear refraction angle more than 35 °.

Adopt such preferable configuration,, can in tubulose is detected a flaw part, propagate ultrasonic shear waves for making the ultrasound wave that sends from the oscillator that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe (that is) at least along the detected a flaw ultrasound wave of axial propagation of part of tubulose.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, as described in technical scheme 9, ultrasonic flaw detecting device of the present invention is used for the tubulose part of being detected a flaw is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), it is characterized in that, this ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises ultrasonic probe and receives and sends control assembly; The part configuration of practising physiognomy over the ground of being detected a flaw of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe and above-mentioned tubulose follows direction and column direction respectively in the plane or be arranged in rectangular forming on the curved surface by a plurality of oscillators; Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls received the transmission ultrasound wave by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe; Above-mentioned reception send control assembly from a plurality of oscillators, select to comprise at least an oscillator group of an oscillator, received by a direction of propagation in the part of detecting a flaw from an oscillator group of this selection, along above-mentioned tubulose and to send ultrasound wave, on the other hand, selection comprises line direction and column direction position another oscillator groups different, at least one oscillator with the oscillator that constitutes an above-mentioned oscillator group, certainly another oscillator group of this selections, along above-mentioned tubulose by the direction of another propagation different in the part of detecting a flaw reception transmission ultrasound wave with an above-mentioned direction of propagation.

Adopt such invention, at first, utilize to receive send control assembly, from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators, select to comprise at least an oscillator group of an oscillator, certainly this selections oscillator group, along a detected a flaw direction of propagation reception transmission ultrasound wave of part of tubulose.At this, utilize and to be received the ultrasound wave that sends along a direction of propagation, detect along the scar that extends with the direction of this direction of propagation quadrature (below, be called " the 1st scar ").In addition, adopting a plurality of oscillators under the situation that is arranged in the rectangular ultrasonic probe that forms on the curved surface, determine to receive the hyperacoustic direction that sends according to the radius-of-curvature of this curved surface and the position of each oscillator by each oscillator, therefore, only selecting to receive the hyperacoustic oscillator group of transmission along an above-mentioned direction of propagation from a plurality of oscillators gets final product.On the other hand, adopting a plurality of oscillators to be arranged in the plane under the situation of the rectangular ultrasonic probe that forms, can adopt such structure, promptly, control hyperacoustic opportunity receiving to send, thereby receive the transmission ultrasound wave along an above-mentioned direction of propagation from the oscillator group of above-mentioned selection by each oscillator that constitutes an above-mentioned oscillator group.

Then, adopt the present invention, utilize to receive and send control assembly, from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators, select to comprise line direction and column direction position another oscillator groups different, at least one oscillator with the oscillator that constitutes an above-mentioned oscillator group, certainly another oscillator group of this selection, along detected a flaw another direction of propagation reception transmission ultrasound wave different of part of tubulose with an above-mentioned direction of propagation.Utilize and to be received the ultrasound wave that sends, detect along the scar that extends with the direction of this another direction of propagation quadrature (below, be called " the 2nd scar ") along above-mentioned another direction of propagation.At this, because another oscillator group comprises the different oscillator of line direction and column direction position with the oscillator that constitutes an oscillator group, therefore, not only hyperacoustic direction of propagation becomes another direction of propagation by a direction of propagation, meanwhile, receive sending hyperacoustic oscillator group also changes along the detected a flaw position of part of tubulose.Therefore, if suitably set the change amount of this position, then can be when making the 1st scar and the 2nd scar both and hyperacoustic direction of propagation quadrature, make outside surface refraction angle θ r and/or inside surface refraction angle θ k constant, thereby regardless of the angle of inclination of each scar, the reflection wave intensity that can obtain to equate.Like this, select the oscillator group equate with the quantity of ultrasonic propagation direction, and each oscillator group of received of this selection certainly sends hyperacoustic structure, then can detect scar accurately corresponding to the quantity of the above-mentioned direction of propagation with various angles of inclination if make.

In addition, send hyperacoustic structure, can detect scar at high speed with various angles of inclination by adopting roughly to receive simultaneously from each oscillator group of selecting respectively.

As mentioned above, adopt ultrasonic flaw detecting device of the present invention, can high precision and detect at high speed with respect to the detected a flaw scar that axially has various angles of inclination of part of tubulose.

At this, incide tubulose to the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator group of selecting and detected a flaw the needed time till the part, different according to each oscillator group with the distance of ultrasound wave incidence point.Because the distance of each oscillator group and ultrasound wave incidence point is according to the detected a flaw shape of part and different of ultrasonic probe, tubulose, therefore, even to send ultrasound wave from each oscillator group of selecting same opportunity, in fact, ultrasound wave incides tubulose and is detected a flaw opportunity of part and also different by the opportunity that the part surface (surfaces externally and internally) of being detected a flaw receives reflection wave at tubulose.Therefore, at synthetic ultrasound wave, detect under the situation of scar based on this synthetic reflection wave by each oscillator group of received, there is such hidden danger: by hyperacoustic incident difference on opportunity of sending from each oscillator group, cause by the tubulose of each oscillator group of received continuous or a part of overlapping by the reflection wave on the part surface (surfaces externally and internally) of detecting a flaw, reflection wave enlarges in the tubulose lip-deep integral width of part of being detected a flaw, as a result, the detected a flaw dead band of part surfaces externally and internally vicinity of tubulose increases.

For fear of such problem, as described in technical scheme 10, be preferably, above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls an above-mentioned oscillator group and above-mentioned another oscillator group and send or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator group is detected a flaw reception opportunity, roughly the same opportunity in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of above-mentioned tubulose with the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator group of reflection wave on part surface at above-mentioned tubulose.

Adopt so preferred invention, because an oscillator group of control and another oscillator group send or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an oscillator group is detected a flaw reception opportunity of reflection wave on part surface at tubulose, roughly the same (for example opportunity with the ultrasound wave that sends from another oscillator group in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of tubulose, become the following mistiming of hyperacoustic pulse width of sending), therefore, even adopt synthetic ultrasound wave by each oscillator group of received, and detect the structure of scar based on this synthetic reflection wave, also can reduce the detected a flaw dead band of part surfaces externally and internally vicinity of tubulose.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, as described in technical scheme 11, ultrasonic probe of the present invention is used for the tubulose part of being detected a flaw is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), it is characterized in that, this ultrasonic probe comprises a plurality of oscillators of arranging along annular surface, and above-mentioned annular surface is by practising physiognomy right with the center of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution of no-go gauge and the middle heart that do not clip this ellipsoid of revolution and cutting off the curved surface that this ellipsoid of revolution obtains with two parallel planes of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution.

Adopt such ultrasonic probe, a plurality of oscillators are arranged along annular surface, this annular surface is by practising physiognomy right with the center of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution of no-go gauge and the middle heart that do not clip this ellipsoid of revolution and cutting off the curved surface that this ellipsoid of revolution obtains with two parallel planes of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution, therefore, the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator can be towards the center of ellipsoid of revolution.So, operation get final product like this: with the major diameter direction along tubulose detected a flaw part axially, the minor axis direction disposes ultrasonic probe of the present invention along the detected a flaw center of circumferential and ellipsoid of revolution of part of tubulose over against the detected a flaw mode in axle center of part of tubulose, make itself and tubulose be detected a flaw part when facing mutually, for example, select to send hyperacoustic oscillator (select equate oscillator) with angle of inclination quantity as the scar of detected object.At this moment, because the elevation angle of each oscillator of seeing from the center of ellipsoid of revolution is according to the arrangement position of each oscillator and difference, therefore, the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator is to detected a flaw the also difference of incident angle of part incident of tubulose.Therefore, if suitably set the shape (shape of annular surface) of ultrasonic probe, then can be in hyperacoustic direction of propagation of sending and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object from each oscillator, make outside surface refraction angle θ r and/or inside surface refraction angle θ k constant, thereby regardless of the angle of inclination of each scar, the reflection wave intensity that can obtain to equate.Like this, select the oscillator equate with the quantity of ultrasonic propagation direction if make, and the hyperacoustic structure of each oscillator reception transmission that should select certainly, then can detect scar accurately with various angles of inclination.

In addition, send hyperacoustic structure, can detect scar at high speed with various angles of inclination by adopting roughly to receive simultaneously from each oscillator of selecting respectively.

As mentioned above, adopt ultrasonic flaw detecting device of the present invention, can high precision and detect at high speed with respect to the detected a flaw scar that axially has various angles of inclination of part of tubulose.

Be preferably, as described in technical scheme 12, above-mentioned ultrasonic probe also comprise along the center by above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution and with the straight line configuration of above-mentioned two parallel planar quadrature, be at least 1 vertical probe.

Adopt so preferred structure, has such advantage: can be on the basis of detect a flaw by a plurality of oscillators of arranging along annular surface (oblique angle flaw detection), carry out normal beam testing by vertical probe (can vertically inject hyperacoustic probe) with the detected a flaw outside surface of part of tubulose, therefore, can be when part that tubulose is detected a flaw carry out oblique angle flaw detection, tubulose is detected a flaw that part carries out that wall thickness is measured and interlayer detection etc.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, as described in technical scheme 13, ultrasonic flaw detecting device of the present invention is characterised in that this ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises ultrasonic probe and receives the transmission control assembly; Above-mentioned ultrasonic probe is as described in technical scheme 11 or 12, with the part configuration of practising physiognomy over the ground of being detected a flaw of above-mentioned tubulose, make its major diameter direction along the part of being detected a flaw as the tubulose of flaw detection part axially, the minor axis direction along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially and the center of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution over against the detected a flaw axle center of part of above-mentioned tubulose; Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls received the transmission ultrasound wave by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe; Above-mentioned reception sends at least plural oscillator of control assembly in above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators the above-mentioned tubulose part of being detected a flaw is received and sends ultrasound wave.

Adopt such invention, utilize to receive and send control assembly, select the oscillator that equates with the quantity of ultrasonic propagation direction (as the angle of inclination quantity of the scar of detected object), and each oscillator that should select certainly receives and sends ultrasound wave, thereby can high precision and detect the scar with various angles of inclination at high speed.

At this, dispose under the situation of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe leaving near the mode that above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw the outside surface of part with the center of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution, the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator is detected a flaw the incidence point of part incident with respect to each each oscillator and difference to tubulose.Therefore, there are such misgivings: even near the mode the outside surface of the part of being detected a flaw with the above-mentioned tubulose of being centered close to of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution disposes under the prerequisite of ultrasonic probe, determine the shape (shape of annular surface) of ultrasonic probe, thereby can make from hyperacoustic direction of propagation that each oscillator sends with the time as the bearing of trend quadrature of the scar of detected object, make outside surface refraction angle and/or inside surface refraction angle constant, also can be different to the detected a flaw incidence point of part incident of tubulose with respect to each each oscillator because of ultrasound wave, particularly the tubulose of path by the situation of the part of detecting a flaw (external diameter is smaller or equal to 100mm) under, the such ultrasonic propagation action that causes obtaining to envision (can't make outside surface refraction angle and/or the inside surface refraction angle constant) corresponding to hyperacoustic direction of propagation, and then the scar detectability is reduced.

Therefore, as described in technical scheme 14, be preferably, near the mode of being detected a flaw the outside surface of part with the above-mentioned tubulose of being centered close to of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution disposes above-mentioned ultrasonic probe.

Adopt so preferred structure, because the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator is roughly consistent to the detected a flaw incidence point of part incident of tubulose, therefore, such ultrasonic propagation action that can obtain to envision is (regardless of hyperacoustic direction of propagation, outside surface refraction angle and/or inside surface refraction angle be constant all), and can detect scar accurately with various angles of inclination.

In addition, as described in technical scheme 15, be preferably, above-mentioned reception sends control assembly control and above-mentioned tubulose is received an oscillator sending in hyperacoustic plural at least oscillator and another oscillator by the part of detecting a flaw sends or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator is detected a flaw reception opportunity, roughly the same opportunity in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of above-mentioned tubulose with the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator of reflection wave on part surface at above-mentioned tubulose.

Adopt so preferred structure, because an oscillator of control and another oscillator send or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an oscillator is detected a flaw reception opportunity of reflection wave on part surface at tubulose, roughly the same (for example opportunity with the ultrasound wave that sends from another oscillator in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of tubulose, become the following mistiming of hyperacoustic pulse width of sending), therefore, even adopt the synthetic reflection wave that receives by each oscillator, and detect the structure of scar based on this synthetic reflection wave, also can reduce the detected a flaw dead band of part outside surface vicinity of tubulose.

At this, in the shape (shape of annular surface) of setting ultrasonic probe, thereby can make from hyperacoustic direction of propagation that each oscillator that constitutes above-mentioned ultrasonic probe sends with the time, make under the situation of outside surface refraction angle and/or inside surface refraction angle constant as the bearing of trend quadrature of the scar of detected object, according to the detected a flaw ratio etc. of wall thickness and external diameter of part of tubulose, suitable ultrasonic probe shape difference, on the other hand, if in case set shape, hyperacoustic incident angle of sending from each oscillator is a fixed value with respect to each each oscillator.Therefore, must prepare the ultrasonic probe of suitable shape respectively separately, at cost, keep in repair existing problems on these aspects with respect to the tubulose of the ratio with diversified wall thickness and external diameter etc. the part of being detected a flaw.

Therefore, as described in technical scheme 16, preferably include adjustment component, this adjustment component is to being adjusted by hyperacoustic incident angle that the part of detecting a flaw sends to above-mentioned tubulose respectively from above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators.

Adopt so preferred structure, can obtain such advantage: even the shape of ultrasonic probe is identical, also can be to being finely tuned by hyperacoustic incident angle that the part of detecting a flaw sends to tubulose from a plurality of each oscillator, thereby can make in hyperacoustic direction of propagation that each oscillator sends and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object, make outside surface refraction angle and/or inside surface refraction angle constant, therefore, do not need to prepare the ultrasonic probe of diversified shape, cost, maintainability are good.

In addition, as above-mentioned adjustment component, for example, can adopt mechanical drift angle mechanism.In addition, as described in technical scheme 17, above-mentioned a plurality of oscillator comprises respectively along rectangular a plurality of piezoelectric element of radially being divided into of each oscillator, above-mentioned adjustment component also can be received by above-mentioned a plurality of piezoelectric elements by electrical control and send hyperacoustic opportunity, adjusts the hyperacoustic incident angle that is sent by the part of detecting a flaw to above-mentioned tubulose.

Adopt so preferred structure, mechanism compares with the mechanical drift angle of employing, can easily and reproduce performance and adjust incident angle well.

In addition, be preferably, as described in technical scheme 18, above-mentioned ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises follow-up mechanism, and this follow-up mechanism makes above-mentioned ultrasonic probe roughly keep constant with respect to the detected a flaw relative position of part of above-mentioned tubulose being detected a flaw in the axial plane orthogonal of part with above-mentioned tubulose.

Adopt so preferred structure, make ultrasonic probe along tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially relatively rotation and along tubulose detected a flaw part axially carry out UT (Ultrasonic Testing) with relatively moving the time, the part cross sectional shape is not positive circle or produces crookedly vertically even tubulose is detected a flaw, and can make ultrasonic probe roughly keep constant with respect to the detected a flaw relative position of part of tubulose by follow-up mechanism yet.Therefore, adopt above-mentioned preferred structure, even make ultrasonic probe, also can suppress ultrasound wave and produce change to the detected a flaw incident angle of part incident of tubulose, and make the scar detectability roughly keep constant from each oscillator along carrying out counterrotating moving axially with respect to the tubulose part of being detected a flaw.

As above-mentioned follow-up mechanism, the follow-up mechanism that also can adopt the follow-up mechanism that uses contact displacement instrument, constitute by contact mechanical component such as saddle type boots.But, under the situation that adopts these follow-up mechanisms, have following problem.

(1) in the detected a flaw end, front and back of part of tubulose, contact displacement instrument, contact mechanical component and tubulose are detected a flaw the outside surface of part when contacting, or during away from outside surface, are easy to produce and rock.Therefore, tubulose is easy to reduce by the tracking at place, end before and after the part of detecting a flaw.

(2) under the situation of contact follow-up mechanism, exist because of the detected a flaw small concavo-convex situation that causes the reduction of tracking property of part outside surface of tubulose.

(3) by reusing, contact displacement instrument or contact mechanical component produce wearing and tearing, cause tracking property reduction (needs frequently keep in repair) thus.

Therefore, be preferably, as described in technical scheme 19, above-mentioned follow-up mechanism comprise be measured to above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part distance the contactless displacement instrument more than 1, make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along and above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part axial quadrature two axially movable detent mechanisms and control the positioning control parts of this detent mechanism, above-mentioned positioning control parts are according to the distance of being measured by above-mentioned contactless displacement instrument, control above-mentioned detent mechanism, make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe with respect to the detected a flaw relative position constant of part of above-mentioned tubulose.

Adopt so preferred structure, because according to using not the ultrasonic probe of calculating apart from the detected a flaw distance of part of tubulose with the contactless displacement instrument that tubulose is contacted by the part of detecting a flaw, the control detent mechanism, make ultrasonic probe with respect to the detected a flaw relative position constant position of ultrasonic probe (adjust) of part of tubulose, therefore, compare with the situation that adopts above-mentioned contact follow-up mechanism, can obtain good tracking, and can obtain good scar detectability.

In addition, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, as described in technical scheme 20, defect detection on ultrasonic basis of the present invention is characterised in that, each described ultrasonic flaw detecting device in this method operation technique scheme 13～19, make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along detected a flaw the circumferentially relatively rotation of part and of above-mentioned tubulose, thereby the detected a flaw total length or the part of part of above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw along above-mentioned tubulose axially the relatively moving of part of being detected a flaw.

And, in order to solve above-mentioned problem, as described in technical scheme 21, solid drawn tube manufacture method of the present invention is characterised in that, this method comprises by the perforation steel billet that processes raw material makes 2nd operation of each described defect detection on ultrasonic basis to being detected a flaw by the solid drawn tube of above-mentioned the 1st operation manufacturing in the 1st operation of solid drawn tube and the operation technique scheme 1～8,20.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the figure of an example of the expression relation of using the angle of inclination of the inclination scar in the method for detection of array-type ultrasonic probe in the past and reflection wave intensity.

Fig. 2 is that the angle of inclination of the inclination scar in the method for detection of array-type ultrasonic probe in the past and the ultrasound wave figure to the relation of the incident angle of inclination scar incident is used in expression.

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the key diagram of the ultrasonic propagation action of expression ultrasonic flaw detecting device shown in Figure 3, and Fig. 4 (a) represents stereographic map, the circumferential cut-open view of Fig. 4 (b) expression pipe, and Fig. 4 (c) expression tubular axis is to cut-open view, and Fig. 4 (d) expression is along the cut-open view of ultrasonic propagation face.

Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of expression the 2nd embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 5 (a) represents stereographic map, and Fig. 5 (b) represents vertical view, and Fig. 5 (c) represents side view, and Fig. 5 (d) represents key diagram.

Fig. 6 is the key diagram of the ultrasonic propagation action of expression ultrasonic flaw detecting device shown in Figure 5, and Fig. 6 (a) represents stereographic map, the circumferential cut-open view of Fig. 6 (b) expression pipe, and Fig. 6 (c) represents vertical view, Fig. 6 (d) expression is along the cut-open view of ultrasonic propagation face.

Fig. 7 represent by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device by embodiments of the invention 1 carry out that crank detection test obtains, in the reflection wave intensity at each inside surface scar place.

Fig. 8 is illustrated in the embodiments of the invention 1, is not controlling each oscillator transmission or is receiving the waveform example that obtains under the situation on hyperacoustic opportunity.

Fig. 9 is illustrated in the embodiments of the invention 1, sends or receive the waveform example that obtains under the situation on hyperacoustic opportunity at each oscillator of control.

Figure 10 represent by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device by embodiments of the invention 2 carry out that crank detection test obtains, in the reflection wave intensity at each inside surface scar place.

Figure 11 represents to carry out reflection wave intensity that crank detection test obtains, each inside surface scar place in the steel pipe that is formed at each t/D by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device by embodiments of the invention 3.

Figure 12 is the figure of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of expression embodiments of the invention 4, and Figure 12 (a) expression is main looks cut-open view, and Figure 12 (b) represents vertical view, and Figure 12 (c) represents side view cutaway drawing.

Figure 13 is the figure of general structure of the follow-up mechanism that ultrasonic flaw detecting device had of expression embodiments of the invention 4.

Figure 14 is illustrated in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of embodiments of the invention 4, only receives an example that sends the flaw detection waveform that obtains under hyperacoustic situation by 1 oscillator.

Figure 15 is illustrated in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of embodiments of the invention 4, is controlled to be the reception roughly the same ground on opportunity of 4 oscillators, is received an example that sends the flaw detection waveform that obtains under hyperacoustic situation by each oscillator.

Figure 16 is the figure of the ultrasonic propagation action of the expression ultrasonic flaw detecting device that is used to illustrate embodiments of the invention 4.

Embodiment

Below, suitably with reference to accompanying drawing, enumerate the situation that is applied to pipes such as steel pipe embodiments of the present invention are described.

The 1st embodiment

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 4 is the key diagram of the ultrasonic propagation action of expression ultrasonic flaw detecting device shown in Figure 3, Fig. 4 (a) represents stereographic map, the circumferential cut-open view of Fig. 4 (b) expression pipe, Fig. 4 (c) expression tubular axis is to cut-open view, and Fig. 4 (d) expression is along the cut-open view of ultrasonic propagation face (face that comprises the some O shown in Fig. 4 (a), some A and some B).As shown in Figure 3, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment is used for pipe P is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), comprises ultrasonic probe 1 and receive sending control assembly 2; Above-mentioned ultrasonic probe 1 follows direction and column direction in the plane or be arranged in rectangular (in example shown in Figure 3, follow direction and be arranged in rectangular) on the curved surface form on the cylinder of bending by a plurality of oscillators 11; 2 pairs of above-mentioned reception transmission control assemblies receive the transmission ultrasound wave by ultrasonic probe 1 and control.In addition, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment also comprises output blocks 4 such as scar decision circuit 3 and alarm; Above-mentioned scar decision circuit 3 is by will (more particularly, by the synthetic reflection wave of waveform combiner circuit described later 223 threshold ratio of) amplitude and regulation detects and is present in the scar of managing among the P from the reflection wave of pipe P; Output blocks such as above-mentioned alarm 4 are used for being detected by scar decision circuit 3 under the situation of scar, the alarm of output regulation etc.

Ultrasonic probe 1 and the pipe P configuration over the ground of practising physiognomy, thus make its above line direction along pipe P axially, above-mentioned column direction along pipe P circumferentially.

The reception of present embodiment sends control assembly 2 and comprises transtation mission circuit 21, receiving circuit 22 and control circuit 23.Transtation mission circuit 21 comprises pulse producer 211 and delay circuit 212; Above-mentioned pulse producer 211 is connected to each oscillator 11, supplies with to be used for sending hyperacoustic pulse signal from each oscillator 11; Above-mentioned delay circuit 212 is used to set the time delay of the pulse signal of supplying with to each oscillator from each pulse producer 211.Receiving circuit 22 comprises receiver 221, delay circuit 222 and waveform combiner circuit 223; Above-mentioned receiver 221 is connected to each oscillator 11, is used to make the reflection wave amplification that is received by each oscillator 11; Above-mentioned delay circuit 222 is used to set the time delay of utilizing the reflection wave after each receiver 221 amplification; Above-mentioned waveform combiner circuit 223 is used for the synthetic reflection wave of having been set time delay by each delay circuit 222.Control circuit 23 moves, thereby selective reception sends hyperacoustic oscillator 11 from a plurality of oscillators 11 of arranging, and, determine each oscillator 11 with this selection relevant, by time delay of delay circuit 212 or delay circuit 222 settings.

Reception with above structure sends control assembly 2 (control circuit 23) and select an oscillator group from is arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, this oscillator group constitutes at an interior above oscillator 11 by comprising an oscillator 11 of arranging along the regulation row, an oscillator group from this selection, receive along the direction that becomes predetermined angular with pipe P axial and to send ultrasound wave, on the other hand, from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, select another oscillator group, this another oscillator group constitutes at an interior above oscillator 11 by comprising another oscillator 11 of arranging along the row different with an above-mentioned oscillator 11, and different with the center of gravity of an above-mentioned oscillator group along above-mentioned column direction, be somebody's turn to do another oscillator group of selecting certainly, send ultrasound wave along receiving with the axial direction that becomes to be different from the afore mentioned rules angle of pipe P.

Below, suitably with reference to Fig. 4, more specifically describe the action that above-mentioned reception sends control assembly 2 (control circuit 23).As shown in Figure 4, after the some O incident of the ultrasound wave that is sent by each oscillator 11 that constitutes ultrasonic probe 1 from pipe P outside surface, the some A reflection on pipe P inside surface arrives the some B on the pipe P outside surface.Then, the angle (propagation angle) of the hyperacoustic direction of propagation (from including exit point O) that to put O incident certainly and the circumferential tangent line L of pipe P by incidence point O in the direction of propagation that the normal direction of interior pipe P pitch plane is seen be made as γ (below, also suitably be called " direction of propagation γ "), with the outside surface refraction angle of a B (on the ultrasonic propagation face shown in Fig. 4 (d), the normal L1 at some B place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U) be made as θ r, with the inside surface refraction angle of an A (on the ultrasonic propagation face shown in Fig. 4 (d), the normal L2 at some A place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U) be made as θ k, in this case, θ r, θ k and γ represent with following formula (1)～(3) respectively.

[several 9]

θr＝sin ^-1({(Vs/Vi) ²·(sin ²βi+cos ²βi·sin ²αi)} ^1/2) …(1)

θk＝cos ^-1(cosθr·cosφ-sinθr·cosγ·sinφ) …(2)

$\mathrm{\γ}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\βi}}{\cos \mathrm{\βi}\·\sin \mathrm{\αi}}\right)\·\·\·\left(3\right)$

At this, in following formula (1) and formula (3), α i represent ultrasound wave to the circumferential incident angle of pipe P incident (on the pipe circumferential cross-section, the normal L3 at the some O place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U, with reference to Fig. 4 (b)), β i represents the axial incident angle (at tubular axis to cross section on, the normal L4 at the some O place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U with reference to Fig. 4 (c)) of ultrasound wave to pipe P incident.In addition, in following formula (1), Vs is illustrated in hyperacoustic velocity of propagation that pipe is propagated among the P, and Vi represents to be filled in the ultrasonic propagation velocity in oscillator 11 and the contact medium of managing between the P.And, in following formula (2), φ is illustrated in the tubular axis shown in Fig. 4 (b) on the cross section, the angle of the straight line by tube hub C and some O and straight line by tube hub C and some A (with by tube hub C and the straight line of putting A with equate by tube hub C and the angle of putting the straight line of B), represent with following formula (4).

[several 10]

φ＝sin ^-1(k·sinθ’)-θ’…(4)

And in following formula (4), k and θ ' are respectively with following formula (5) and (6) expression.

[several 11]

$k=\frac{1}{1-2(t/D)}\·\·\·\left(5\right)$

θ’＝cosγ·tanθr …(6)

Reach (3) as can be known by following formula (1), outside surface refraction angle θ r and ultrasonic propagation angle γ are determined to the axial incident angle β i of pipe P incident to the circumferential incident angle α i and the ultrasound wave of pipe P incident by ultrasound wave.In addition, use following formula (1)～(6), inside surface refraction angle θ k determines (but strictly say, also be subjected to the influence of the φ that determined by the ratio of the wall thickness of pipe P and external diameter) by circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i too.

At this, as mentioned above, in patent documentation 2 described methods, make with respect to the offset of axle center when disposing ultrasonic probe prejudicially of pipe P constant (, make the circumferential incident angle α i that determines by offset to pipe P incident) condition under, only change ultrasound wave with respect to the axial angle of inclination of pipe P, thereby make the bearing of trend quadrature of hyperacoustic direction of propagation and inclination scar.The method that only changes this axial incident angle β i also can be derived by following formula (1) and formula (2), but because outside surface refraction angle θ r and inside surface refraction angle θ k change according to the change of axial incident angle 6i respectively, therefore, viewpoint as the invention described above people, cause corresponding to hyperacoustic direction of propagation (corresponding to the angle of inclination of inclination scar), make the reflection wave intensity and difference, and the scar detectability changes.

With respect to this, as mentioned above, in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment, at first, receiving transmission control assembly 2 (control circuit 23) moves, thereby select an oscillator group that comprises an oscillator 11 at least from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, a direction of propagation γ in an oscillator group should selecting, the edge pipe P receives and sends ultrasound wave certainly.More specifically describe, control circuit 23 is determined circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i based on following formula (3), obtaining and ultrasonic propagation direction γ, thereby select to obtain the oscillator group of these α i and β i as the bearing of trend quadrature of scar detected object, that have the regulation angle of inclination (the 1st scar).

Then, receiving transmission control assembly 2 (control circuit 23) moves, thereby from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, select line direction and column direction position different with the oscillator 11 that constitutes an above-mentioned oscillator group, comprise another oscillator group of an oscillator 11 at least, certainly another oscillator group that should select, receive the transmission ultrasound wave along another direction of propagation γ different in the pipe P with an above-mentioned direction of propagation γ.More specifically describe, control circuit 23 is determined circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i according to following formula (3), obtaining and ultrasonic propagation direction γ as the bearing of trend quadrature of scar (the 2nd scar) detected object, that have the angle of inclination different with above-mentioned the 1st scar, thereby selection can obtain another oscillator group of these α i and β i.At this moment, because another oscillator group comprises line direction and column direction position and the different oscillator of oscillator that constitutes an oscillator group, therefore, the hyperacoustic circumferential incident angle α i that sends from an oscillator group of received is different with the hyperacoustic circumferential incident angle α i that sends from another oscillator group of received.In addition, because another oscillator group is different with the ultrasonic propagation direction γ of an oscillator group, therefore, the hyperacoustic axial incident angle β i that sends from an oscillator group of received is different with the hyperacoustic axial incident angle β i that sends from another oscillator group of received.More specifically describe, when selecting another oscillator group, determine circumferential incident angle α i and the axial incident angle β i relevant with another oscillator group, so that its circumferential incident angle α i relevant and axial incident angle β i different (being made as the α i and the β i that can obtain according to formula (3)) with the ultrasonic propagation direction γ of the bearing of trend quadrature of the 2nd scar with an oscillator group, and, the inside surface refraction angle θ k that makes the outside surface refraction angle θ r that determines by following formula (1) and determine by following formula (2) both respectively about equally with the θ r relevant and θ k with oscillator group, thereby can select each oscillator 11 in another oscillator group, to obtain this α i and β i.

Send the action of control assembly 2 (control circuit 23) according to the reception of above explanation, for the 1st scar and the 2nd scar both, can be when making hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ quadrature, make refraction angle (θ r, θ k) constant, thereby, can obtain identical reflection wave intensity regardless of the angle of inclination of each scar.Like this, if select and oscillator group as the angle of inclination number of the scar of detected object, and each the oscillator group of received that should select certainly sends ultrasound wave, then can detect the scar with various angles of inclination accurately.In addition, send ultrasound wave, can detect scar at high speed with various angles of inclination by roughly side by side receiving from each oscillator group of selecting respectively.

In addition, in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment, owing to use at the ultrasonic probe 1 that is arranged in rectangular (follow be arranged on the cylinder of direction in bending rectangular) on the curved surface, therefore, receiving the hyperacoustic axial incident angle β i that sends from each oscillator 11 is determined by the radius-of-curvature of above-mentioned curved surface and the position of each oscillator 11.Therefore, when selecting the oscillator group, from a plurality of oscillators 11, only select the oscillator group of the axial incident angle β i that can obtain to determine to get final product.But the present invention is not limited thereto, and also can adopt a plurality of oscillators 11 to be arranged in the rectangular ultrasonic probe that forms in the plane.In this case, utilize 23 pairs of control circuits to receive to send to control hyperacoustic opportunity and get final product, thereby the oscillator group of selecting certainly, receive the transmission ultrasound wave with the axial incident angle β i that determines by each oscillator 11 in the oscillator group of above-mentioned selection.

As mentioned above, in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment, reduce manufacturing cost in order to simplify circuit structure, utilize the waveform combiner circuit 223 synthetic reflection waves that receive by each oscillator 11, according to this synthetic reflection wave, detect scar by scar decision circuit 3.Therefore, as preferable structure, the ultrasound wave that the reception of present embodiment sends control assembly 2 (control circuit 23) the above-mentioned oscillator group of control and above-mentioned another oscillator group sends opportunity or reception opportunity (setting the corresponding delay circuit 212 or the time delay of delay circuit 222), thereby make the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator group reception opportunity at the reflection wave on pipe P surface, with reception opportunity roughly the same (for example, become the hyperacoustic pulse width following mistiming of transmission) of the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator group at the reflection wave on pipe P surface.

Owing to utilize so preferable device, make the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator group reception opportunity at the reflection wave on pipe P surface, roughly the same opportunity with the ultrasound wave that sends from another oscillator group in the reception of the reflection wave on pipe P surface, therefore, even utilize the waveform combiner circuit 223 synthetic reflection waves that receive by each oscillator 11 (each oscillator group) as described above, reflection wave on also can the tube-surface (surfaces externally and internally) of each oscillator group of received of reason continuously or a part overlapping, enlarge such situation and be difficult to produce the reflection wave integral width, can reduce the dead band of pipe P surfaces externally and internally vicinity.

The 2nd embodiment

Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device of expression the 2nd embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 5 (a) represents stereographic map, and Fig. 5 (b) represents vertical view, and Fig. 5 (c) represents side view, and Fig. 5 (d) represents key diagram.Fig. 6 is the key diagram of the ultrasonic propagation action of expression ultrasonic flaw detecting device shown in Figure 5, Fig. 6 (a) represents stereographic map, the circumferential cut-open view of Fig. 6 (b) expression pipe, Fig. 6 (c) represents vertical view, and Fig. 6 (d) expression is along the cut-open view of ultrasonic propagation face (face that comprises the some O shown in Fig. 6 (b), some A and some B).As shown in Figure 5, identical with the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of the 1st embodiment, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of present embodiment is used for pipe P is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), comprises ultrasonic probe 1A and sends the reception transmission control assembly 2A that ultrasound wave is controlled to being received by ultrasonic probe 1A.In addition, identical with the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of the 1st embodiment, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of present embodiment also comprises output blocks 4 such as scar decision circuit 3 and alarm; Above-mentioned scar decision circuit 3 is by will be from the threshold ratio of reflection wave amplitude and the regulation of pipe P, detects to be present in the scar of managing among the P; Output blocks such as above-mentioned alarm 4 are used for being detected by scar decision circuit 3 under the situation of scar, the alarm of output regulation etc.In addition, because it is identical with the reception transmission control assembly 2 of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of the 1st embodiment to receive the machine construction that sends control assembly 2A, therefore, omit its detailed description.

Ultrasonic probe 1A comprises a plurality of oscillators 11 of arranging along annular surface, above-mentioned annular surface can obtain like this: with the center O of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution M of no-go gauge and do not clip that the center O ground of this ellipsoid of revolution M is faced mutually and with two the parallel planar S 1 and the S2 of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution, cut off this ellipsoid of revolution M (with reference to Fig. 5 (c), Fig. 5 (d)).So, ultrasonic probe 1A practises physiognomy with pipe P and disposes over the ground, thereby the major diameter direction (the x direction shown in Fig. 5 (b)) that makes ultrasonic probe 1A is along managing the axial of P, minor axis direction (the y direction shown in Fig. 5 (b)) is circumferential along pipe P's, and the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M is over against the axle center of pipe P.

Receive transmission control assembly 2A and move, thereby 11 pairs of pipes of the plural at least oscillator in a plurality of oscillators 11 P receives the transmission ultrasound wave.

Below, the concrete grammar of the shape (shape of annular surface) of determining ultrasonic probe 1A is described with reference to Fig. 6.As shown in Figure 6, when determining the shape of ultrasonic probe 1A, usually consider, dispose ultrasonic probe 1A so that the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M is positioned near the mode of the outside surface of pipe P (being incidence point incident in pipe P with above-mentioned center O from the ultrasound wave that each oscillator 11 sends therefore).

As shown in Figure 6, after some O (center O of the ellipsoid of revolution M) incident of the ultrasound wave that is sent by each oscillator 11 that constitutes ultrasonic probe 1A from pipe P outside surface, the some A reflection on pipe P inside surface arrives the some B on the pipe P outside surface.Then, the angle (propagation angle) of the hyperacoustic direction of propagation (from including exit point O) that to put O incident certainly and the circumferential tangent line L of pipe P by incidence point O in the direction of propagation that the normal direction of interior pipe P pitch plane is seen be made as γ (below, also suitably be called " direction of propagation γ "), with the outside surface refraction angle of a B (on the ultrasonic propagation face shown in Fig. 6 (d), the normal L1 at some B place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U) be made as θ r, the inside surface refraction angle (on the ultrasonic propagation face shown in Fig. 6 (d), the normal L2 at the some A place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U) of an A is made as θ k.In addition, with ultrasound wave to the incident angle of pipe P incident (on the ultrasonic propagation face shown in Fig. 6 (d), the angle of the normal L3 at the some O place of pipe P and the ultrasound wave light beam U of incident) is made as θ w, the refraction angle (on ultrasonic propagation face Fig. 6 (d) shown in, the normal L3 at the some O place of pipe P and the angle of ultrasound wave light beam U incident after) of ultrasound wave on pipe P is made as θ s.

Represent the propagation action of geometrical optics with the ultrasound wave of incident angle θ s incident.That is, propagate in pipe P to follow the definite refraction angle θ s of Snell law with the ultrasound wave of incident angle θ s incident.So, as utilize the geometry derivation, outside surface refraction angle θ r equates with refraction angle θ s.That is, following formula (7) is set up.

[several 12]

sinθr＝Vs/Vi·sinθw …(7)

At this, in following formula (7), Vs is illustrated in hyperacoustic velocity of propagation that pipe is propagated among the P, and Vi represents to be filled in the ultrasonic propagation velocity in ultrasonic probe 1A and the contact medium of managing between the P.

On the other hand, as following formula (7) and following formula (3)～(6) derivation, the inside surface refraction angle θ k that represents with following formula (2) is incident angle θ w, propagation angle γ and the wall thickness of pipe P and the function of the ratio t/D of external diameter.So, ultrasonic propagation direction γ with the pipe P axial consistent the time (, propagation angle γ=90 °), inside surface refraction angle θ k is a minimum value, equate with outside surface refraction angle θ r (=refraction angle θ s), when ultrasonic propagation direction γ and pipe P circumferential consistent (, propagation angle γ=0 °), inside surface refraction angle θ k is a maximal value, represents with following formula (8).

[several 13]

$\mathrm{\θk}={\sin }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\θr}}{1-2(t/D)}\right)\·\·\·\left(8\right)$

At this,, then utilize the difference of inside surface refraction angle θ k that following formula (8) calculates and outside surface refraction angle θ r to be incorporated in the scope about 10 ° if the ratio of wall thickness and the external diameter of pipe P is about a few percent.Therefore, detect the situation of axially extended inside surface scar (utilizing direction of propagation γ to detect) with the circumferential consistent ultrasound wave of pipe P along pipe P inside surface refraction angle θ k, be incorporated in the scope about 10 ° with the difference of the inside surface refraction angle θ k (=θ s) of the situation that detects axial inside surface scar (utilizing the direction of propagation γ and the ultrasound wave of the axial unanimity of managing P to detect) along pipe P, the detectability of two inside surface scars can not produce obvious errors.But, the pipe P t/D more than or equal to 15% o'clock, utilize inside surface refraction angle θ k that following formula (8) calculates to go out greatly more than 20 ° (promptly than outside surface refraction angle θ s, by direction of propagation γ is circumferential by axially becoming of pipe P, inside surface refraction angle θ k is also increased more than 20 °), reduce greatly along the detectability of the axial inside surface scar of managing P.Equally, for have pipe P axially with circumferential between the inside surface scar at angle of inclination, detectability also reduces along with the increase of inside surface refraction angle θ k.

The detectability of the scar that accompanies for the change with inside surface refraction angle θ k that suppresses above explanation reduces, corresponding to hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ (promptly, corresponding to the angle of inclination of the scar of hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ quadrature) change (promptly, change incident angle θ s) and each the corresponding refraction angle of direction of propagation γ θ s, thereby make the value that becomes constant with the corresponding inside surface of each direction of propagation γ refraction angle θ k.

Therefore, the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment is designed to such shape: root is corresponding to the hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that sends from each oscillator 11, change with the corresponding incident angle θ w of each direction of propagation γ, thereby make the value that becomes constant with the corresponding inside surface of each direction of propagation γ refraction angle θ k.As mentioned above, ultrasonic probe 1A comprises a plurality of oscillators 11 of arranging along annular surface, above-mentioned annular surface can obtain like this: with the center O of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution M of no-go gauge and do not clip that the center O ground of this ellipsoid of revolution M is faced mutually and with two the parallel planar S 1 and the S2 (with reference to Fig. 5 (c), Fig. 5 (d)) of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution, cut off this ellipsoid of revolution M.Thus, in hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that each oscillator 11 sends is in-180 °～180 ° scope.In addition, the elevation angle of each oscillator 11 of seeing from the center O of ellipsoid of revolution M is according to the arrangement position of each oscillator 11 and difference.In other words, the elevation angle of each oscillator 11 determined by the distance of the center O of major diameter, minor axis and the ultrasonic probe 1A of ultrasonic probe 1A and above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M, and the elevation angle is according to the arrangement position (according to the hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that sends from each oscillator 11) of each oscillator 11 and difference.Angle after this elevation angle deducts 90 ° is equivalent to incident angle θ w.Therefore, major diameter, minor axis and the ultrasonic probe 1A of the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment by suitably setting ultrasonic probe 1A and the distance of the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M, be set at such shape: according to the hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that sends from each oscillator 11, change with the corresponding incident angle θ w of each direction of propagation γ, thereby make the value that becomes constant with the corresponding inside surface of each direction of propagation γ refraction angle θ k.

More specifically describe, as shown in Figure 5, being made as 2x, minor axis at the major diameter with ultrasonic probe 1A is made as the distance (mean distance from the center O of ellipsoid of revolution M to planar S 1 and S2) of the center O of 2y, ultrasonic probe 1A and ellipsoid of revolution M when being made as h, the oscillator 11 incident angle θ w (being called θ w1) that sends and the incident angle θ w (being called θ w2) that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A that are positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A certainly is respectively with following formula (9) and (10) expression.

[several 14]

θw1＝tan ^-1(x/h) …(9)

θw2＝tan ^-1(y/h) …(10)

So, determine the shape (x, y and h) of ultrasonic probe 1A according to the t/D of the pipe P that detects a flaw, thereby make incident angle θ w1 and θ w2 satisfy following formula (11) with following formula (9) and (10) expression.

[several 15]

sinθw2＝sinθw1·{1-2(t/D)] …(11)

Satisfy following formula (11) by incident angle θ w1 and the θ w2 that makes, the following inside surface refraction angle θ k of the axial consistent situation (oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A certainly sends hyperacoustic situation) of hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ and pipe P, with the situation (being positioned at the hyperacoustic situation of oscillator 11 transmissions of the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A certainly) of hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ and the circumferential unanimity of pipe P under inside surface refraction angle θ k about equally.Thus, hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ be in pipe P axially with circumferential between situation under, also can obtain inside surface refraction angle θ k about equally.That is, no matter hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ is in the interior any place of-180 °～180 ° scopes, all can obtain inside surface refraction angle θ k about equally.

In addition, if incident angle θ w1 and θ w2 satisfy following formula (11), then from hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k that the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A sends (below, suitably be called θ k1), with the inside surface refraction angle θ k that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A (below, suitably be called θ k2) the reasons are as follows about equally.Be made as θ s1 at hyperacoustic refraction angle that the oscillator 11 of the length-diameter part that will be positioned at ultrasonic probe 1A certainly sends, when being positioned at hyperacoustic refraction angle that the oscillator 11 of the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A sends and being made as θ s2 certainly, these refraction angles θ s1 and θ s2 follow Snell law, respectively with following formula (12) and (13) expression.

[several 16]

sinθs1＝Vs/Vi·sinθw1 …(12)

sinθs2＝Vs/Vi·sinθw2 …(13)

At this, in following formula (12) and (13), Vs is illustrated in the velocity of propagation of the ultrasound wave of propagating among the pipe P (ultrasonic shear waves), and Vi represents to be filled in the velocity of propagation of the ultrasound wave (ultrasonic longitudinal wave) in oscillator 11 and the contact medium of managing between the P.

So, because the ultrasound wave that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A is along the axial propagation of pipe P, therefore, with reference to Fig. 6 and with foregoing similarly, between inside surface refraction angle θ k1 and refraction angle θ s1, the relation of following formula (14) is set up.On the other hand because the ultrasound wave that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A is along the circumferential propagation of pipe P, therefore, with following formula (8) similarly, between inside surface refraction angle θ k2 and refraction angle θ s2, the establishment of the relation of following formula (15).

[several 17]

θk1＝θs1 …(14)

sinθk2＝sinθs2/{1-2(t/D)} …(15)

At this, when making θ k1=θ k2, sin θ k1=sin θ k2 sets up.So if following formula (15) and formula (13) are applied among the sin θ k2, then the relation of following formula (16) is set up.

[several 18]

sinθk1＝sinθk2

＝sinθs2/{1-2(t/D)}

＝Vs/Vi·sinθw2/{1-2(t/D)} …(16)

On the other hand, if following formula (14) and formula (12) are applied among the sin θ k1, then the relation of following formula (17) is set up.

[several 19]

sinθk1＝sinθs1

＝Vs/Vi·sinθw1 …(17)

Therefore, by following formula (16) and formula (17), the relation of following formula (18) is set up, if arrangement this formula (18), then following formula (11) is set up.That is, when θ k1=θ k2, following formula (11) is set up.

[several 20]

Vs/Vi·sinθw2/{1-2(t/D)}＝Vs/Vi·sinθw1 …(18)

As mentioned above, when θ k1=θ k2, following formula (11) is set up, otherwise if satisfy following formula (11), then θ k1=θ k2 sets up.In other words, if incident angle θ w1 and θ w2 satisfy following formula (11), then the hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k (θ k1) that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A, with the inside surface refraction angle θ k (θ k2) that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A about equally.

Because the shape of the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment is determined as described above, therefore, can make in hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that each oscillator 11 sends and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object, make inside surface refraction angle θ k constant, thereby, can obtain identical reflection wave intensity regardless of the angle of inclination of each scar.Like this, if utilize to receive sending control assembly 2A selects and oscillator 11 as the angle of inclination number of the scar of detected object, and each oscillator 11 reception transmission ultrasound wave that should select certainly, then can detect scar accurately with various angles of inclination.

In addition, the combination of satisfying the incident angle θ w1 of following formula (11) and θ w2 (promptly, the combination of x, y and h) exist a variety of, but the ultrasonic longitudinal wave of incident in pipe P is lacked slightly in order to detect a flaw with common oblique angle, determine the shape (x, y and h) of ultrasonic probe 1A, get final product thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A (ultrasound wave that sends to the pipe incident angle θ w of incident and the oscillator of refraction angle θ s maximum) is propagated to pipe P with the shear refraction angle θ s more than 35 °.In this case, not only consider the ratio (t/D) of the wall thickness external diameter of aforementioned tube P, also consider hyperacoustic velocity of propagation that pipe is propagated among the P and be filled in ultrasonic probe 1A with the contact medium of managing between the P in hyperacoustic velocity of propagation, from the combination of the x, the y that satisfy following formula (11) and h, the combination that the ultrasound wave of selecting to send from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A is at least propagated to pipe P with the shear refraction angle θ s more than 35 °.

Promptly, be preferably, with the major diameter direction of ultrasonic probe 1A along pipe P axially, the minor axis direction of ultrasonic probe 1A is circumferential along pipe P's, and the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M disposes ultrasonic probe 1A over against near the mode of the axis position outside surface of pipe P of pipe P, make its with pipe P situation about facing mutually under, ratio (t/D) according to the wall thickness external diameter of managing P, hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of in pipe P, propagating, and be filled in hyperacoustic velocity of propagation in ultrasonic probe 1A and the contact medium of pipe between the P, set the major diameter 2x of ultrasonic probe 1A, the distance h of the center O of minor axis 2y and ultrasonic probe 1A and above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M, thus make in a plurality of oscillators 11, at least the ultrasound wave that sends from the oscillator 11 that is positioned at the length-diameter part of ultrasonic probe 1A is propagated to pipe P with the shear refraction angle θ s more than 35 °.

Adopt the ultrasonic probe 1A of the preferred shape determine as described above, the ultrasound wave that sends for the oscillator 11 of the length-diameter part that is positioned at ultrasonic probe 1A certainly (that is, to the ultrasound wave of the axial propagation of pipe P) can make ultrasonic shear waves propagate in pipe P at least.

The ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment disposes preferable in this wise, that is, not only when determining above-mentioned shape, when reality was detected a flaw, the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M also was positioned near the outside surface of pipe P.

Owing to utilize so preferable device, make the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11 to the incidence point of pipe P incident roughly consistent (center O of ellipsoid of revolution M is an incidence point), therefore, the ultrasonic propagation that can obtain after the shape of having determined ultrasonic probe 1A as reserving in advance is moved (regardless of hyperacoustic direction of propagation, and can detect scar accurately inside surface refraction angle θ k constant), with various angles of inclination.

In addition, identical with the reception transmission control assembly 2 of the 1st embodiment, the reception of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 11A of present embodiment sends control assembly 2A and is preferably, control receives pipe P and sends in hyperacoustic plural at least oscillator 11, the ultrasound wave of oscillator 11 and another oscillator 11 sends opportunity or reception opportunity, thereby make the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator 11 reception opportunity at the reflection wave on pipe P surface, with reception opportunity roughly the same (for example, become the hyperacoustic pulse width following mistiming of transmission) of the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator 11 at the reflection wave on pipe P surface.

Owing to utilize so preferable device, make the ultrasound wave that sends from an oscillator 11 reception opportunity at the reflection wave on pipe P surface, roughly the same opportunity with the ultrasound wave that sends from another oscillator 11 in the reception of the reflection wave on pipe P surface, therefore, identical with the 1st embodiment, even utilize the synthetic reflection wave that receives by each oscillator 11 of waveform combiner circuit (not shown), also can reason on the pipe P surface (surfaces externally and internally) that receives of each oscillator 11 reflection wave continuously or a part overlapping, enlarge such situation and be difficult to produce the reflection wave integral width, can reduce the dead band of pipe P surfaces externally and internally vicinity.

In addition, as mentioned above, the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment waits to determine the shape (x, y and h) of ultrasonic probe 1A according to the t/D of the pipe P of flaw detection.In other words, the shape of suitable ultrasonic probe 1A is according to the t/D etc. of the pipe P of flaw detection and different.Therefore, for pipe with diversified t/D etc., if do not prepare the ultrasonic probe 1A of suitable shape respectively separately, then at this cost, keep in repair on these aspects and have problems.

In order to solve such problem, be preferably, the adjustment component that the hyperacoustic incident angle θ w that sends to pipe P from a plurality of each oscillator 11 is adjusted is set.Thus, can obtain such advantage: even the ultrasonic probe 1A of identical shaped (x, y and h), also can be to finely tuning to hyperacoustic incident angle θ w that pipe P sends from a plurality of each oscillator 11, thereby can make in hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that each oscillator 11 sends and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object, make inside surface refraction angle θ k constant, therefore, do not need to prepare according to the t/D etc. of pipe P the ultrasonic probe 1A of diversified shape, cost, maintainability are good.

As above-mentioned adjustment component, for example, can adopt mechanical drift angle mechanism.In addition, shown in Fig. 5 (a), a plurality of oscillators 11 comprise respectively along rectangular a plurality of piezoelectric element of radially being divided into of each oscillator 11, above-mentioned adjustment component (for example, receive the effect that control assembly 2A plays above-mentioned adjustment component that sends) also can send hyperacoustic opportunity by a plurality of piezoelectric elements 11 receptions by electrical control, adjust the hyperacoustic incident angle θ w that sends to pipe P.Compare with the situation that adopts mechanical drift angle mechanism, in this case, can be easily and repeatability adjust incident angle θ w well.

In addition, adopt the shape of the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment, can make inside surface refraction angle θ k constant, but outside surface refraction angle θ r changes corresponding to direction of propagation γ.In other words, the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment makes suitable shape of detecting the inside surface scar with various angles of inclination accurately.With respect to this, in order to detect outside surface scar accurately, need angle of inclination (that is) regardless of hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ regardless of each scar with various angles, all make outside surface refraction angle θ r constant.As mentioned above, because outside surface refraction angle θ r equates with refraction angle θ s,, therefore,, incident angle θ w constant is got final product regardless of direction of propagation γ then so long as direction of propagation γ, all such refraction angle θ s constant is got final product.For how hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ makes incident angle θ w constant, be that about equally value gets final product with the length setting of the major diameter (2x) of ultrasonic probe and minor axis (2y).That is, being set at making above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution is that the shape that obtains under the situation of spheroid gets final product.Adopt the ultrasonic probe of such shape, can how all to make refraction angle θ s constant by direction of propagation γ, thereby can detect outside surface scar accurately with various angles of inclination.

So, be inside surface scar or outside surface scar according to the main detected object of the scar among the pipe P, select the suitable shape that detects the ultrasonic probe of each scar to get final product.Perhaps, detect simultaneously under inside surface scar and both situations of outside surface scar at needs, making such shape gets final product, that is, have the ultrasonic probe of the formula (11) that satisfy to be fit to detects the inside surface scar shape (x, y and h), with the shape of the ultrasonic probe that satisfies the x=y that is fit to detect the outside surface scar roughly in the middle of x, the shape of y value.

Below, by expression embodiment and the further clear and definite feature of the present invention of comparative example.

Embodiment 1 (with reference to Fig. 3)

Utilization has the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of general structure shown in Figure 3, to be formed at steel pipe internal-surface, have the angle of inclination that has nothing in common with each other (with respect to steel shaft to the angle of inclination be 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °) a plurality of inside surface scars (dark 0.5mm * long 25.4mm) enforcement crank detection test.At this, ultrasonic probe 1 is, will long 5mm * wide 3mm, oscillation frequency is that a plurality of (30) oscillator 11 of 2MHz follows direction be arranged in rectangular (10 row * 3 row) on the cylinder with the radius-of-curvature bending of 200mm.Below, the oscillator 11 that is arranged in the 1st row is called #1～#10, the oscillator 11 that is arranged in the 2nd row is called #11～#20, the oscillator 11 that is arranged in the 3rd row is called #21～#30.

Table 1 be illustrated in adjust ultrasonic probe 1 offset (promptly, adjust the circumferential incident angle α i of oscillator #1) so that the most suitable detection of the 1st row oscillator #1 angle of inclination is under 0 ° the situation of inside surface scar, hyperacoustic axial incident angle β i, the hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ and the inside surface refraction angle θ k that send of this oscillator #1 and other oscillators #2～#30 certainly.

Table 1

At this, above-mentioned patent documentation 2 described methods are, for example, only use oscillator #1～#10 or the oscillator #11～#20 of the 2nd row or the oscillator #21～#30 (making under the constant condition of circumferential incident angle α i) of the 3rd row of the 1st row, change axial incident angle β i, thus, change vergence direction γ.But, as table 1 is expressed, changing under the situation of vergence direction γ at the oscillator 11 that only uses same column, inside surface refraction angle θ k also changes, and thus, the scar detectability also changes.

With respect to this, in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment, receiving transmission control assembly 2 moves, thereby from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, select to comprise the oscillator group (being oscillator #1 and #3 in the present embodiment) of at least one oscillator 11 that is arranged in the 1st row, an oscillator group should selecting receives along a direction of propagation in the steel pipe and sends ultrasound wave certainly.In addition, control circuit 23 moves, thereby from be arranged in rectangular a plurality of oscillators 11, another oscillator group of selecting to comprise at least one oscillator different with the line direction of the oscillator 11 of the above-mentioned oscillator group of formation and column direction position (in the present embodiment, be oscillator group that constitutes by the 2nd row oscillator #15 and #17 and the oscillator group that constitutes by the 3rd row oscillator #30), another oscillator group that should select receives along another direction of propagation in the steel pipe and sends ultrasound wave certainly.

More specifically describe, the reception of present embodiment sends control assembly 2 and moves, thereby (1) is 0 ° inside surface scar in order to detect the angle of inclination, selects the oscillator #1 of the 1st row; (2) be 10 ° inside surface scar in order to detect the angle of inclination, select the oscillator #3 of the 1st row; (3) be 20 ° inside surface scar in order to detect the angle of inclination, select the oscillator #15 of the 2nd row; (4) be 30 ° inside surface scar in order to detect the angle of inclination, select the oscillator #17 of the 2nd row; (5) be 45 ° inside surface scar in order to detect the angle of inclination, select the oscillator #30 of the 3rd row; Oscillator #1, #3, #15, #17 and #30 from each selection roughly receive the transmission ultrasound wave simultaneously.

Thus, as table 1 is expressed, for each inside surface scar with the angle of inclination that has nothing in common with each other, when making hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ and its quadrature (value that makes γ is roughly the same with the angle of inclination as the inside surface scar of detected object), making inside surface refraction angle θ k is the value (about 40 °) of constant.

Fig. 7 represent by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 by present embodiment carry out that crank detection test obtains, the reflection wave intensity at each inside surface scar place (is the reflection wave intensity at 0 ° the inside surface scar place relative intensity when being made as 0dB with the angle of inclination).In addition, in Fig. 7, also represented as a comparative example under following situation, to obtain, in the reflection wave intensity at each inside surface scar place.This situation is, by (being arranged in the oscillator 11 of same column) under the constant condition of circumferential incident angle α i and only changing axial incident angle β i making, makes hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ and each inside surface scar quadrature.As shown in Figure 7, can be clear and definite, with respect in comparative example, increase along with the scar angle of inclination, reflection wave intensity reduces and the scar detectability reduces, in the present embodiment, and for the inside surface scar that to the angle of inclination is 0 °～45 °, reflection wave intensity about equally can be obtained, and the scar detectability of constant can be obtained.

In addition, in the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of present embodiment, reduce manufacturing cost in order to simplify circuit structure, utilize the waveform combiner circuit 223 synthetic reflection waves that receive by each oscillator 11 (oscillator #1, #3, #15, #17 and #30), according to this synthetic reflection wave, detect scar by scar decision circuit 3.So, the reception of present embodiment sends each oscillator 11 of control assembly 2 controls and sends or receive hyperacoustic opportunity (setting the corresponding delay circuit 212 or the time delay of delay circuit 222), thereby make reception opportunity roughly the same (for example, becoming the following mistiming of hyperacoustic pulse width of sending) of the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11 at the reflection wave of steel tube surface.

Fig. 8 represents such waveform example, promptly, do not controlling oscillator #1 and #30 with sending or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, roughly send under hyperacoustic situation simultaneously from oscillator #1 and #30, by obtaining by the waveform combiner circuit 223 synthetic reflection waves that receive by oscillator #1 and #30 respectively (reflection wave that receives in steel tube surface (outside surface) by oscillator #1 and #30, and the next reflection wave (scar reflection wave) that free oscillator #30 is detected, the angle of inclination is 45 ° inside surface scar respectively).In Fig. 8, waveform E1 is equivalent to the reflection wave by the steel tube surface of oscillator #30 reception, and waveform E2 is equivalent to the reflection wave by the steel tube surface of oscillator #1 reception.As shown in Figure 8, if do not control oscillator #1 and #30 transmission or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, then waveform E1 and waveform E2 are continuous or a part of overlapping, and the reflection wave integral width of outer surface of steel tube is enlarged, thereby the dead band of outer surface of steel tube vicinity is increased.The reason that produces this phenomenon is, arrives light beam distance till the outer surface of steel tube, different with light beam distance till the ultrasound wave arrival outer surface of steel tube that sends from oscillator #30 to the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator #1.

With respect to this, as mentioned above, because the reception of present embodiment sends each oscillator 11 of control assembly 2 controls and sends or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, thereby make the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11 roughly the same opportunity in the reception of the reflection wave of steel tube surface, therefore, compare with situation shown in Figure 8, can reduce the dead band.Fig. 9 is illustrated in the reception that utilizes present embodiment to send control assembly 2 and make transmission opportunity of oscillator #30 with respect to the waveform after the oscillator #1 delay stipulated time, by being obtained by the waveform combiner circuit 223 synthetic reflection waves that received by oscillator #1 and #30 respectively.As shown in Figure 9, send transmission opportunity that control assembly 2 makes oscillator #30 with respect to oscillator #1 delay stipulated time, become the state that waveform E1 shown in Figure 8 and waveform E2 roughly overlap fully by the reception that utilizes present embodiment.As can be known, the synthetic waveform (E1+E2) of waveform E1 shown in Figure 9 and E2 though width bigger than the width of waveform E1 shown in Figure 8, compare with dead band shown in Figure 8, can be reduced to about below 1/3.

Embodiment 2 (with reference to Fig. 5)

Utilization has the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of general structure shown in Figure 5, implements crank detection test to being formed at a plurality of inside surface scars steel pipe (t/D=11%) inside surface, that have the angle of inclination that has nothing in common with each other (dark 0.5mm * long 25.4mm).At this, ultrasonic probe 1A is, will long 5mm * wide 3mm, oscillation frequency is that a plurality of (3 two) oscillator 11 of 2MHz is arranged along annular surface, this annular surface be with the center O of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution M of no-go gauge and do not clip that the center O ground of this ellipsoid of revolution M is faced mutually and with two the parallel planar S 1 and the S2 of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution, cut off this ellipsoid of revolution M and the curved surface that obtains.The shape of ultrasonic probe 1A is defined as being about 18 ° with the incident angle θ w1 of following formula (9) expression, and the incident angle θ w2 that represents with following formula (10) is about 14 °.Such incident angle θ w1 and θ w2 satisfy following formula (11).

With the major diameter direction of ultrasonic probe 1A along steel pipe axially, the minor axis direction of ultrasonic probe 1A along steel pipe circumferentially and the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution M dispose ultrasonic probe 1A over against near the mode of the axis position outside surface of steel pipe of steel pipe, make its with situation that steel pipe is faced mutually under, carry out crank detection test.In addition, make water be used as being filled in contact medium between ultrasonic probe 1A and the steel pipe.

At this, because ultrasound wave (ultrasonic shear waves) velocity of propagation in the steel pipe is 3200m/sec, as the ultrasound wave in the water of contact medium (ultrasonic longitudinal wave) velocity of propagation is 1500m/sec, therefore, hyperacoustic refraction angle (with the corresponding refraction angle of incident angle θ w1) the θ s (being called θ s1) that sends from the oscillator 11 of the length-diameter part that is positioned at ultrasonic probe 1A is about 41 °, is positioned at hyperacoustic refraction angle (with the corresponding refraction angle of incident angle θ w2) θ s (being called θ s2) that the oscillator 11 of the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1A sends certainly and is about 31 °.

As mentioned above, hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r equates that with refraction angle θ s1 and θ s2 on the other hand, hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k is with the function representation of the t/D of incident angle θ w, direction of propagation γ and pipe P.That is, when direction of propagation γ and steel pipe axial consistent, inside surface refraction angle θ k is a minimum value, and θ s1 equates with the refraction angle.That is, inside surface refraction angle θ k is about 41 °.Along with direction of propagation γ from steel pipe axially towards circumferential deflection, it is big that refraction angle θ s usually becomes, when circumferential consistent, inside surface refraction angle θ k is a maximal value, represents with following formula (8) at direction of propagation Y.Under the situation of present embodiment, by substitution t/D=11%, θ s (θ s2) in formula (8)=31 °, this inside surface refraction angle θ k becomes about 41 °, and the value of the inside surface refraction angle θ k when propagating direction γ and steel pipe axial consistent is equal.Thus, though hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ be in steel pipe axially with circumferential between situation under, also can obtain inside surface refraction angle θ k about equally.That is, no matter hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ is in the interior any place of-180 °～180 ° scopes, all can obtain inside surface refraction angle θ k about equally.

Because the shape of the ultrasonic probe 1A of present embodiment is determined as described above, therefore, can make in hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that each oscillator 11 sends and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object, regardless of the angle of inclination of scar, all make inside surface refraction angle θ k constant.

Figure 10 represent by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A by present embodiment carry out that crank detection test obtains, the reflection wave intensity at each inside surface scar place (is the reflection wave intensity at 0 ° the inside surface scar place relative intensity when being made as 0dB with the angle of inclination).As shown in figure 10, as can be known, adopt the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of present embodiment, the inside surface scar for to the angle of inclination being-67.5 °～90 ° can obtain reflection wave intensity about equally, and can obtain the scar detectability of constant.

In addition, identical with the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100 of embodiment 1, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of present embodiment if also adopt to receive send each oscillator 11 of control assembly 2 controls send or receive hyperacoustic opportunity so that the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11 at the reception roughly the same structure on opportunity of the reflection wave of steel tube surface, then can detect scar at high speed with various angles of inclination, and, can reduce the dead band of steel tube surface vicinity.

Embodiment 3 (with reference to Fig. 5)

In having the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of general structure shown in Figure 5, implement the crank detection test identical with embodiment 2.But, the difference of test condition is, respectively by constituting a plurality of oscillators 11 that ultrasonic probe 1A is had along rectangular 8 piezoelectric elements 111 of radially being split into of each oscillator 11, and to be not only t/D be 11% steel pipe, is that 5% and 14% steel pipe is also as the flaw detection part with t/D.

Identical with embodiment 2, the shape of ultrasonic probe 1A is defined as the steel pipe of the most suitable t/D=11%, on the other hand, receive hyperacoustic opportunity that sends by utilizing reception to send control assembly 2A electrical control by a plurality of piezoelectric elements 111, make for t/D and to adjust and to send hyperacoustic incident angle θ w to steel pipe for the steel pipe of other values also can obtain about equally scar detectability.

Figure 11 represents to be undertaken by the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A by present embodiment the reflection wave intensity (will be formed in the steel pipe of t/D=11%, the angle of inclination is the reflection wave intensity at 0 ° the inside surface scar place relative intensity when being made as 0dB) at that crank detection test obtains, each inside surface scar place in the steel pipe that is formed at each t/D.As shown in figure 11, as can be known, adopt the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100A of present embodiment, for t/D be in 5%～14% the steel pipe, the angle of inclination is-67.5 °～90 ° inside surface scar, reflection wave intensity about equally can be obtained, and the scar detectability of constant can be obtained.

Embodiment 4

Present embodiment is the variation of the foregoing description 2, and the inside surface scar that is formed at steel pipe (t/D=11%) inside surface is implemented crank detection test.Figure 12 is the figure of general structure of the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of expression present embodiment, and Figure 12 (a) expression is main looks cut-open view, and Figure 12 (b) represents vertical view, and Figure 12 (c) represents side view cutaway drawing.As shown in figure 12, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment comprises ultrasonic probe 1B, housing 5 and flexible pipe 6; It is that 4 oscillators (oblique angle oscillator) 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D and the oscillation frequency of 5MHz is the vertical probe 12 of 5MHz that above-mentioned ultrasonic probe 1B has oscillation frequency; Above-mentioned housing 5 is a propylene system, and these oscillators 11A～11D and vertical probe 12 are installed; Above-mentioned flexible pipe 6 is soft property, is installed on the leading section of housing 5.In addition, identical with embodiment 2, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment comprises that also control receives the transmission ultrasonic reception by ultrasonic probe 1B and sends control assembly (sending control assembly 2A with reference to reception shown in Figure 5).In addition, also comprise output blocks 4 such as scar decision circuit 3 and alarm; Above-mentioned scar decision circuit 3 will be by will from the threshold ratio of the reflection wave amplitude of steel pipe P and regulation detecting the scar (with reference to Fig. 5) that is present among the steel pipe P; Output blocks such as above-mentioned alarm 4 are used for being detected by scar decision circuit 3 under the situation of scar, (with reference to Fig. 5) such as alarms of output regulation.In addition, because the machine construction of the reception of present embodiment transmission control assembly is identical with reception transmission control assembly 2 shown in Figure 3, therefore, omit its detailed description.

Identical with embodiment 2, these vibration planes SA～SD of 4 oscillator 11A～11D that ultrasonic probe 1B is had disposes along annular surface ground, this annular surface can obtain like this: with the center O of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution of no-go gauge and do not clip that the center O ground of this ellipsoid of revolution is faced mutually and with two the parallel planar S 1 and the S2 of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution, cut off the center O of this ellipsoid of revolution.More specifically, oscillator 11A and 11B are along major diameter direction (the major diameter direction of annular surface of ultrasonic probe 1B, x direction shown in Figure 12 (b)) configuration, make the incident angle θ w1 that represents with following formula (9) be about 18 °, oscillator 11C and 11D are along minor axis direction (the minor axis direction of annular surface of ultrasonic probe 1B, y direction shown in Figure 12 (b)) configuration makes the incident angle θ w2 that represents with following formula (9) be about 14 °.These incident angles θ w1 and θ w2 satisfy following formula (11).

The vibration plane SO of the vertical probe 12 that ultrasonic probe 1B is had along the center O by above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution and with straight line L (in example shown in Figure 12, directly over the center O for ellipsoid of revolution) configurations (turning axle that is equivalent to ellipsoid of revolution) of above-mentioned two parallel planar quadrature.Thus, has such advantage: can when detecting a flaw, carry out wall thickness mensuration and interlayer detection etc. by 12 couples of steel pipe P of vertical probe by oscillator 11A～11D.

So, with the major diameter direction of ultrasonic probe 1B along steel pipe P axially, the minor axis direction of ultrasonic probe 1B along steel pipe P circumferentially and the center O of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution dispose ultrasonic probe 1B over against near the mode of the axis position outside surface of steel pipe P of steel pipe P, make its with situation that steel pipe P faces mutually under, carry out crank detection test.In addition, the water as contact medium is filled to housing 5 private water supplies in the feed water inlet 51 of the sidewall by being arranged at housing 5 certainly between ultrasonic probe 1A and steel pipe.

At this, identical with the content of explanation among the embodiment 2, because ultrasound wave (ultrasonic shear waves) velocity of propagation in the steel pipe is 3200m/sec, as the ultrasound wave in the water of contact medium (ultrasonic longitudinal wave) velocity of propagation is 1500m/sec, therefore, oscillator 11A from the length-diameter part that is positioned at ultrasonic probe 1B, hyperacoustic refraction angle that 11B sends (with the corresponding refraction angle of incident angle θ w1) θ s (being called θ s1) is about 41 °, is positioned at the oscillator 11C of the minor axis portion of ultrasonic probe 1B certainly, hyperacoustic refraction angle that 11D sends (with the corresponding refraction angle of incident angle θ w2) θ s (being called θ s2) is about 31 °.

So as mentioned above, hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r equates that with refraction angle θ s1 and θ s2 on the other hand, inside surface refraction angle θ k is with the function representation of the t/D of incident angle θ w, direction of propagation γ and steel pipe P.That is, when direction of propagation γ and steel pipe P axial consistent, inside surface refraction angle θ k is a minimum value, and θ s1 equates with the refraction angle.That is, relevant with oscillator 11A, 11B inside surface refraction angle θ k is about 41 °.Along with direction of propagation γ from steel pipe P axially towards circumferential deflection, it is big that refraction angle θ s usually becomes, when direction of propagation γ and steel pipe P were circumferential consistent, inside surface refraction angle θ k was a maximal value, represents with following formula (8).Under the situation of present embodiment, by substitution t/D=11%, θ s (θ s2) in formula (8)=31 °, the inside surface refraction angle θ k relevant with oscillator 11C, 11D becomes about 41 °, and the value of the inside surface refraction angle θ k when propagating direction γ and steel pipe P axial consistent is equal.

Because the shape (configuration condition of oscillator 11A～11D) of the ultrasonic probe 1B of present embodiment is determined as described above, therefore, can make in hyperacoustic direction of propagation γ that each oscillator 11A～11D sends and bearing of trend quadrature as the scar of detected object, regardless of the angle of inclination of scar, all make inside surface refraction angle θ k constant.

In other words, detect accurately along the scar of the circumferential extension of steel pipe P, detect axially extended scar accurately along steel pipe P by oscillator 11C, 11D along the circumferential configuration of steel pipe P by oscillator 11A, 11B along the axial arrangement of steel pipe P.

In addition, in the present embodiment, make steel pipe P along rotating in a circumferential direction, also carry out movably vertically UT (Ultrasonic Testing).So, be preferably, ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B comprises follow-up mechanism, this follow-up mechanism make ultrasonic probe 1B with the axial plane orthogonal of steel pipe P in roughly keep constant with respect to the relative position of steel pipe P.Below, suitably more specifically describe with reference to Figure 13.

Figure 13 is the figure of general structure of the follow-up mechanism that had of ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of expression present embodiment.As shown in figure 13, the contactless displacement instrument that the follow-up mechanism 7 of present embodiment comprises more than 1 of distance (in the present embodiment being two) who is measured to steel pipe P (for example, the laser displacement instrument, eddy current type displacement instrument, ultrasonic displacement instrument etc.) 71A, 71B, detent mechanism (being hydraulic cylinder in the present embodiment) 72A that ultrasonic probe 1B edge and two axial (being vertical direction (Z direction) and horizontal direction (Y direction) in the present embodiment) of the axial quadrature of steel pipe P are moved, 72B, with control detent mechanism 72A, the positioning control parts of 72B (being hydraulic controller in the present embodiment) 73A, 73B.

In the present embodiment, adopt such structure: the distance of being measured by contactless displacement instrument 71A is input to positioning control parts 73A by displacement instrument amplifier 74A, and the distance of being measured by contactless displacement instrument 71B is input to positioning control parts 73B by displacement instrument amplifier 74B.Then, positioning control parts 73A is according to controlling detent mechanism 72A (adjusting the position of ultrasonic probe 1B along the Z direction) from the range determination value of contactless displacement instrument 71A (displacement instrument amplifier 74A) input, make the relative position constant of ultrasonic probe 1B with respect to steel pipe P.Positioning control parts 73B is according to controlling detent mechanism 72B (adjusting the position of ultrasonic probe 1B along the Y direction) from the range determination value of contactless displacement instrument 71B (displacement instrument amplifier 74B) input, make the relative position constant of ultrasonic probe 1B with respect to steel pipe P.

More specifically describe,, can when implementing crank detection test, carry out continuously all the time by the range determination that contactless displacement instrument 71A, 71B carry out to steel pipe P outside surface.Then, positioning control parts 73A drives detent mechanism 72A, is zero thereby make the deviation from the range determination value of contactless displacement instrument 71A input and pre-set reference range.In other words, positioning control parts 73A drives detent mechanism 72A, makes ultrasonic probe 1B move the distance that is equivalent to above-mentioned deviation along the Z direction.At this moment, positioning control parts 73A measures the actual achievement value of the drive amount (ultrasonic probe 1B is along the displacement of Z direction) of detent mechanism 72A at any time, drives detent mechanism 72A, up to the actual achievement value of this mensuration with till above-mentioned deviation equates, thereby the raising positional precision.In addition, at the position of the steel pipe P that has measured distance by contactless displacement instrument 71A through the stipulated time (external diameter, rotational speed by steel pipe P are calculated) afterwards, opportunity of arriving the position that disposes ultrasonic probe 1B (that is the position after the Rotate 180 °) implements to drive detent mechanism 72A by positioning control parts 73A.

Equally, positioning control parts 73B drives detent mechanism 72B, is zero thereby make the deviation from the range determination value of contactless displacement instrument 71B input and pre-set reference range.In other words, positioning control parts 73B drives detent mechanism 72B, makes ultrasonic probe 1B move the distance that is equivalent to above-mentioned deviation along the Y direction.At this moment, positioning control parts 73B measures the actual achievement value of the drive amount (ultrasonic probe 1B is along the displacement of Y direction) of detent mechanism 72B at any time, drives detent mechanism 72B, up to the actual achievement value of this mensuration with till above-mentioned deviation equates, thereby the raising positional precision.In addition, by positioning control parts 73B drive detent mechanism 72B at the position of the steel pipe P that has measured distance by contactless displacement instrument 71B through the stipulated time (external diameter, rotational speed by steel pipe P are calculated) afterwards, the enforcement on opportunity of position after arriving Rotate 180 °.

In addition, in the present embodiment to adjust according to the distance of measuring by contactless displacement instrument 71A ultrasonic probe 1B along the position of Z direction, adjust ultrasonic probe 1B according to the distance of measuring by contactless displacement instrument 71B and be illustrated along the structure of the position of Y direction, but be not limited thereto.For example, also can adopt such structure: the opportunity of the position after the position of the steel pipe P that has been measured distance by contactless displacement instrument 71A arrives half-twist, adjust the position of ultrasonic probe 1B according to the distance of measuring by contactless displacement instrument 71A along the Y direction, on the opportunity of the position after the position of the steel pipe P that has been measured distance by contactless displacement instrument 71B arrives half-twist, adjust the position of ultrasonic probe 1B along the Z direction according to the distance of measuring by contactless displacement instrument 71B.

As mentioned above, because the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment comprises the follow-up mechanism 7 as preferable configuration, therefore, even steel pipe P cross sectional shape is not positive circle or produces bending vertically, can make ultrasonic probe 1B roughly keep constant with respect to the relative position of steel pipe P by follow-up mechanism 7 yet.Therefore, can suppress ultrasound wave and produce change to the incident angle of steel pipe P incident, and make the scar detectability roughly keep constant from each oscillator 11A～11D of ultrasonic probe 1B.

At this, the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment is also identical with ultrasonic flaw detecting device among the embodiment 1,2, receive to send control assembly and control each oscillator 11A～11D and send or receive hyperacoustic opportunity, so that the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11A～11D is roughly the same opportunity in the reception of the reflection wave of steel tube surface.So identical with ultrasonic flaw detecting device among the embodiment 1,2, the synthetic reflection wave that is received by each oscillator 11A～11D detects scar according to this synthetic reflection wave.Therefore, can roughly detect the scar of 4 directions simultaneously.Thus, with the flaw detection of in the past implementing at times (by oscillator 11A detect a flaw → by oscillator 11B detect a flaw → by oscillator 11C detect a flaw → by oscillator 11D detect a flaw → by oscillator 11A detect a flaw → afterwards, repeat) compare, inspection speed can be improved 4 times.

Figure 14 is illustrated among the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment, only receive to be sent an example of the flaw detection waveform that obtains under hyperacoustic situation (waveform of the reflection wave that is received by oscillator 11A) by oscillator 11A.Figure 15 is illustrated among the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of present embodiment, is controlled to be the reception roughly the same ground on opportunity of each oscillator 11A～11D, is received an example that sends the flaw detection waveform (waveform that synthesizes the reflection wave that is received by oscillator 11A～11D) that obtains under hyperacoustic situation by each oscillator 11A～11D.

If compare with the flaw detection waveform that carries out obtaining when detect a flaw in common oblique angle, in flaw detection waveform shown in Figure 14, have the feature that shape signal E occurred.In addition, in waveform shown in Figure 15, on the basis of shape waveform E, there is the feature that surface reflection signal S occurred.The reason of the appearance of these shape signals E and surface reflection signal S is, two oscillators is practised physiognomy dispose over the ground.That is, reason is, for straight line L shown in Figure 12, oscillator 11A and 11B is configured to the line symmetry, and oscillator 11C and 11D are configured to the line symmetry.

More specifically describe, as shown in figure 16, shape signal E for example is equivalent to, the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11B by the reflection of the outside surface of steel pipe P, the reflection wave of further being practised physiognomy the oscillator 11A reflection of configuration over the ground, receiving by the reflection of the outside surface of steel pipe P and by oscillator 11B once more.In addition, surface reflection signal S for example is equivalent to, the reflection wave that the oscillator 11A that the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11B is disposed by practising physiognomy over the ground by the reflection of the outside surface of steel pipe P receives.

As mentioned above, in the flaw detection waveform that the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B that utilizes present embodiment obtains, the such fixed signal of these shape signals E and surface reflection signal S (no matter whether producing scar, all the signal that can occur) has appearred.But, keep dispose the such condition of ultrasonic probe 1B with the center O of ellipsoid of revolution over against near the mode of the axis position outside surface of steel pipe P of steel pipe P in, adjust the distance h (with reference to Fig. 5) of ultrasonic probe 1B apart from the center O of ellipsoid of revolution, thereby the scar signal that surfaces externally and internally can between surface reflection signal S and shape signal E, occur, therefore, can similarly detect with oblique angle flaw detection in the past.

At this, be controlled to be the ultrasound wave that sends from each oscillator 11A～11D reception opportunity of the reflection wave on steel pipe P surface roughly the same example by as follows.

That is, roughly occur simultaneously in order to make these signals,

(1) by is received from the surface reflection signal that ultrasound wave that oscillator 11A sends produces by oscillator 11B;

(2) by be received from the surface reflection signal that ultrasound wave that oscillator 11B sends produces by oscillator 11A;

(3) by be received from the surface reflection signal that ultrasound wave that oscillator 11C sends produces by oscillator 11D;

(4) by be received from the surface reflection signal that ultrasound wave that oscillator 11D sends produces by oscillator 11C.

In addition, roughly occur simultaneously in order to make these signals,

(5) receive the shape signal that produces by oscillator 11B reflection and by oscillator 11A by the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11A;

(6) receive the shape signal that produces by oscillator 11A reflection and by oscillator 11B by the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11B;

(7) receive the shape signal that produces by oscillator 11D reflection and by oscillator 11C by the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11C;

(8) receive the shape signal that produces by oscillator 11C reflection and by oscillator 11D by the ultrasound wave that sends from oscillator 11D.

By control in this wise, can shorten the duration (waveform width) of shape signal E shown in Figure 15 (signal behind each shape signal of synthetic above-mentioned (5)～(8)) and surface reflection signal S (signal behind each shape signal of synthetic above-mentioned (1)～(4)), thereby the dead band that the appearance because of these fixed signals is produced narrows down.

Because the ultrasonic flaw detecting device 100B of the present embodiment of above explanation makes in oblique angle flaw detection that roughly realizes 4 directions simultaneously and normal beam testing, the structure of very small-sized ultrasonic probe 1B, therefore, can make the follow-up mechanism 7 that comprises a pair of contactless displacement instrument 71A, 71B, hydraulic cylinder 72A, 72B and hydraulic controller 73A, 73B integrated.Therefore, when improving flaw detection efficient, also can simplified apparatus, suppress cost.In addition, owing to make contactless follow-up mechanism 7, therefore, can improve tracking, accurately the total length of the steel pipe P that comprises tube end be detected a flaw at the tube end place of steel pipe P.

Claims (21)

1. a defect detection on ultrasonic basis is characterized in that,

This defect detection on ultrasonic basis comprises the steps: to have the part configuration over the ground of practising physiognomy of being detected a flaw of the ultrasonic probe of a plurality of oscillators and tubulose; From above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators, select suitable oscillator to receive the transmission ultrasound wave, so that become a plurality of different directions of propagation by the hyperacoustic direction of propagation in the part of detecting a flaw at above-mentioned tubulose,

The condition that setting is detected a flaw by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe makes the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation distinguish about equally and/or relevant hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k distinguishes about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.

2. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

A plurality of oscillators of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe in the plane or be arranged in rectangular on the curved surface;

Determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, the feasible hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation distinguishes about equally and/or relevant hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k distinguishes about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.

3. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 2 is characterized in that,

Come to determine the ultrasound wave relevant to above-mentioned tubulose the detected a flaw circumferential incident angle α i and the axial incident angle β i of part incident based on following formula (1) respectively, make θ r difference in hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (1) about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation;

Determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, to obtain above-mentioned definite circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i;

[several 21]

θr＝sin ^-1({(Vs/Vi) ²·(sin ²βi+cos ²βi·sin ²αi)} ^1/2)…(1)

At this, the Vs in the following formula (1) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.

4. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 2 is characterized in that,

Come to determine the ultrasound wave relevant to above-mentioned tubulose the detected a flaw circumferential incident angle α i and the axial incident angle β i of part incident based on following formula (1)～(6) respectively, make θ k difference in hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, that represent with following formula (2) about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation;

Determine the oscillator of above-mentioned selection, to obtain above-mentioned definite circumferential incident angle α i and axial incident angle β i;

[several 22]

θk＝cos ^-1(cosθr·cosφ-sinθr·cosγ·sinφ)…(2)

At this, outside surface refraction angle θ r, the propagation angle γ in the following formula (2), and angle φ respectively with following formula (1), (3) and (4) expression;

[several 23]

θr＝sin ^-1({(Vs/Vi) ²·(sin ²βi+cos ²βi·sin ²αi)} ^1/2)…(1)

$\mathrm{\γ}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\βi}}{\cos \mathrm{\βi}\·\sin \mathrm{\αi}}\right)...\left(3\right)$

φ＝sin ^-1(k·sinθ’)-θ’…(4)

In addition, Vs in the following formula (1) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose, in addition, k in the following formula (4) and θ ' are respectively with following formula (5) and (6) expression;

[several 24]

$k=\frac{1}{1-2(t/D)}...\left(5\right)$

θ’＝cos?γ·tanθr …(6)

In addition, the t/D in the following formula (5) represents tubulose the detected a flaw wall thickness of part and the ratio of external diameter.

5. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned ultrasonic probe comprises a plurality of oscillators of arranging along annular surface, and this curved surface is by with the center of the fixed ellipsoid of revolution of no-go gauge and do not clip heart in this ellipsoid of revolution and practise physiognomy right and cut off the curved surface that this ellipsoid of revolution obtains with two parallel planes of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution;

Dispose over the ground in the step of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe being practised physiognomy by the part of detecting a flaw with above-mentioned tubulose, the major diameter direction that is configured to make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part axially, the minor axis direction of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially, and the center of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution is over against the detected a flaw axle center of part of above-mentioned tubulose;

Determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, so that the hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation distinguishes about equally and/or relevant hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k distinguishes about equally with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation.

6. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 5 is characterized in that,

Calculate the ultrasound wave relevant to the detected a flaw incident angle θ w of part incident of above-mentioned tubulose based on following formula (7) respectively, so that relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, respectively about equally with hyperacoustic outside surface refraction angle θ r of following formula (7) expression with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation;

Determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, to obtain the above-mentioned incident angle θ w that calculates;

[several 25]

sinθr＝Vs/Vi·sinθw…(7)

At this, the Vs in the following formula (7) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, and Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose.

7. defect detection on ultrasonic basis according to claim 5 is characterized in that,

Calculate the ultrasound wave relevant to the detected a flaw incident angle θ w of part incident of above-mentioned tubulose based on following formula (7), so that relevant with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation, respectively about equally with hyperacoustic inside surface refraction angle θ k of following formula (2) expression with above-mentioned a plurality of directions of propagation;

Determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, to obtain the above-mentioned incident angle θ w that calculates;

[several 26]

θk＝cos ^-1(cosθr·cosφ-sinθr·cosγ·sinφ)…(2)

At this, outside surface refraction angle θ r, the propagation angle γ in the following formula (2), and angle φ respectively with following formula (7), (3) and (4) expression;

[several 27]

sinθr＝Vs/Vi·sinθw…(7)

$\mathrm{\γ}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{\sin \mathrm{\βi}}{\cos \mathrm{\βi}\·\sin \mathrm{\αi}}\right)...\left(3\right)$

φ＝sin ^-1(k·sinθ’)-θ’…(4)

In addition, Vs in the following formula (7) is illustrated in tubulose by hyperacoustic velocity of propagation of propagating in the part of detecting a flaw, Vi represents to be filled in detected a flaw ultrasonic propagation velocity in the contact medium between the part of ultrasonic probe and tubulose, in addition, k in the following formula (4) and θ ' are respectively with following formula (5) and (6) expression;

[several 28]

$k=\frac{1}{1-2(t/D)}...\left(5\right)$

θ’＝cosγ·tanθr…(6)

In addition, the t/D in the following formula (5) represents tubulose the detected a flaw wall thickness of part and the ratio of external diameter.

8. according to each described defect detection on ultrasonic basis in the claim 5～7, it is characterized in that,

Dispose over the ground in the step of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe being practised physiognomy by the part of detecting a flaw with above-mentioned tubulose, the center that is configured to make above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution over against above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part the axle center and be positioned at above-mentioned tubulose and detected a flaw near the outside surface of part;

Determine the shape of above-mentioned annular surface, thus make in above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators, be to be positioned at ultrasound wave that the oscillator of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe length-diameter part sends to propagate at least with the part of being detected a flaw of the above-mentioned tubulose of shear refraction angle more than 35 °.

9. ultrasonic flaw detecting device, this ultrasonic flaw detecting device are used for the tubulose part of being detected a flaw is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), it is characterized in that,

This ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises ultrasonic probe and receives the transmission control assembly; The part configuration of practising physiognomy over the ground of being detected a flaw of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe and above-mentioned tubulose follows direction and column direction respectively in the plane or be arranged in rectangular forming on the curved surface by a plurality of oscillators; Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls received the transmission ultrasound wave by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe;

Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly selects to comprise at least an oscillator from above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators an oscillator group, is sent ultrasound wave by a direction of propagation in the part of detecting a flaw from an oscillator group of received of this selection along above-mentioned tubulose;

On the other hand, selection comprises line direction and column direction position another oscillator groups different, at least one oscillator with the oscillator that constitutes an above-mentioned oscillator group, is sent ultrasound wave by another direction of propagation different with an above-mentioned direction of propagation in the part of detecting a flaw from another oscillator group of received of this selection along above-mentioned tubulose.

10. ultrasonic flaw detecting device according to claim 8 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls an above-mentioned oscillator group and above-mentioned another oscillator group and send or receive hyperacoustic transmission opportunity or reception opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator group is detected a flaw reception opportunity, roughly the same opportunity in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of above-mentioned tubulose with the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator group of reflection wave on part surface at above-mentioned tubulose.

11. a ultrasonic probe, this ultrasonic probe are used for the tubulose part of being detected a flaw is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing), it is characterized in that,

This ultrasonic probe comprises a plurality of oscillators of arranging along annular surface;

Above-mentioned annular surface is to practise physiognomy right and cut off the curved surface that this ellipsoid of revolution obtains with two parallel planes of the rotating shaft direct cross of this ellipsoid of revolution by the middle heart of deciding the center of ellipsoid of revolution with no-go gauge and not clipping this ellipsoid of revolution.

12. ultrasonic probe according to claim 11 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned ultrasonic probe also comprises at least 1 vertical probe, this vertical probe along the center by above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution and with the straight line configuration of above-mentioned two parallel planar quadrature.

13. a ultrasonic flaw detecting device is characterized in that,

This ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises as claim 11 or 12 described ultrasonic probes and receives the transmission control assembly; The part configuration of practising physiognomy over the ground of being detected a flaw of above-mentioned ultrasonic probe and above-mentioned tubulose, make its major diameter direction along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part axially, the minor axis direction along above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part circumferentially and the center of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution over against the detected a flaw axle center of part of above-mentioned tubulose; Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly and controls received the transmission ultrasound wave by above-mentioned ultrasonic probe;

Above-mentioned reception sends at least plural oscillator of control assembly in above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators the above-mentioned tubulose part of being detected a flaw is received and sends ultrasound wave.

14. ultrasonic flaw detecting device according to claim 13 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned ultrasonic probe is configured to: the above-mentioned tubulose that is centered close to of above-mentioned ellipsoid of revolution is detected a flaw near the outside surface of part.

15. according to claim 13 or 14 described ultrasonic flaw detecting devices, it is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned reception sends control assembly control and above-mentioned tubulose is received an oscillator sending in hyperacoustic plural at least oscillator and another oscillator by the part of detecting a flaw sends or receive hyperacoustic transmission opportunity or reception opportunity, thereby the ultrasound wave that sends from an above-mentioned oscillator is detected a flaw reception opportunity, roughly the same opportunity in the detected a flaw reception of reflection wave on part surface of above-mentioned tubulose with the ultrasound wave that sends from above-mentioned another oscillator of reflection wave on part surface at above-mentioned tubulose.

16. according to each described ultrasonic flaw detecting device in the claim 13～15, it is characterized in that,

This ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises adjustment component, and this adjustment component is to being adjusted by hyperacoustic incident angle that the part of detecting a flaw sends to above-mentioned tubulose respectively from above-mentioned a plurality of oscillators.

17. ultrasonic flaw detecting device according to claim 16 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned a plurality of oscillator comprises respectively along rectangular a plurality of piezoelectric element of radially being divided into of each oscillator;

Above-mentioned adjustment component receives the transmission ultrasonic reception by electrical control by above-mentioned a plurality of piezoelectric elements and sends opportunity, adjusts the hyperacoustic incident angle that is sent by the part of being detected a flaw to above-mentioned tubulose.

18. according to each described ultrasonic flaw detecting device in the claim 13～17, it is characterized in that,

This ultrasonic flaw detecting device comprises follow-up mechanism, and this follow-up mechanism makes above-mentioned ultrasonic probe keep constant with respect to the detected a flaw relative position of part of above-mentioned tubulose being detected a flaw in the axial plane orthogonal of part with above-mentioned tubulose.

19. ultrasonic flaw detecting device according to claim 18 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned follow-up mechanism comprise be measured to above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw the part outside surface distance the contactless displacement instrument more than 1, make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along and above-mentioned tubulose detected a flaw part axial quadrature two axially movable detent mechanisms and control the positioning control parts of this detent mechanism;

Above-mentioned positioning control parts are controlled above-mentioned detent mechanism based on the distance of being measured by above-mentioned contactless displacement instrument, so that above-mentioned ultrasonic probe is with respect to the detected a flaw relative position constant of part of above-mentioned tubulose.

20. a defect detection on ultrasonic basis is characterized in that,

This method is used each described ultrasonic flaw detecting device in the claim 13～19, make above-mentioned ultrasonic probe along detected a flaw the circumferentially relatively rotation of part and of above-mentioned tubulose, thereby detected a flaw in detected a flaw total length or its part of part of above-mentioned tubulose along above-mentioned tubulose axially the relatively moving of part of being detected a flaw.

21. the manufacture method of a solid drawn tube is characterized in that,

This method comprises by processing that the raw material steel billet is bored a hole to be made the 1st operation of solid drawn tube and uses 2nd operation of each described defect detection on ultrasonic basis to being detected a flaw by the solid drawn tube of above-mentioned the 1st operation manufacturing in the claim 1～8,20.

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