CN101257867B - 用于具有插入在骨髓腔中的假体杆的内假体的插入工具 - Google Patents

用于具有插入在骨髓腔中的假体杆的内假体的插入工具 Download PDF

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CN101257867B
CN101257867B CN2006800326989A CN200680032698A CN101257867B CN 101257867 B CN101257867 B CN 101257867B CN 2006800326989 A CN2006800326989 A CN 2006800326989A CN 200680032698 A CN200680032698 A CN 200680032698A CN 101257867 B CN101257867 B CN 101257867B
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insertion instrument
described insertion
prosthese
clamping device
interior prosthese
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CN101257867A (zh
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A·凯勒
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4607Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of hip femoral endoprostheses
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30518Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts
    • A61F2002/3052Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts unrestrained in only one direction, e.g. moving unidirectionally
    • A61F2002/30522Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts unrestrained in only one direction, e.g. moving unidirectionally releasable, e.g. using a releasable ratchet
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30601Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for telescopic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4622Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof having the shape of a forceps or a clamp
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4628Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about an axis transverse to the instrument axis or to the implantation direction, e.g. clamping
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2002/4681Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor by applying mechanical shocks, e.g. by hammering
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0097Visible markings, e.g. indicia

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种插入工具,用于具有颈部部分(12)和插在骨髓腔中的杆部部分(10)的内假体,所述插入工具包括具有保持叉(25)和对向支承件(26)的夹紧装置(2),该夹紧装置如此构造,使得在夹紧状态时将内假体(1)牢固固定,并且在松开状态时将内假体(1)释放,并且所述插入工具还包括敲击装置(3)。为了将可靠和位置精确的插入进行简化,根据本发明建议,在夹紧装置(2)上固定地设置有用于敲击元件的导轨(23),并且该导轨(23)如此地取向,使得由导轨所确定的路径直通到保持在夹紧装置中的内假体的端侧面,其中设有用于所述敲击元件的反冲阻尼机构(38),其中所述敲击元件是插入到导轨(23)中的冲杆(31)。

Description

用于具有插入在骨髓腔中的假体杆的内假体的插入工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种插入工具,用于具有颈部部分和插在骨髓腔中的杆部部分的内假体(Endoprothese),所述插入工具包括具有保持叉和对向支承件的夹紧装置,该夹紧装置如此构造,使得在夹紧状态时将内假体牢固固定,并且在松开状态时将内假体释放,并且所述插入工具还包括敲击装置。
背景技术
为了将内假体和管状骨的端部,例如股骨相连接,通常设置假体杆,这些假体杆插入到管状骨的骨髓腔中。为此在进行假体植入时必须将骨髓腔打开,按照所要求的尺寸清除其内部的东西,最后插入假体的杆部。为了将假体杆坚固和可靠地固定在管状骨中,应使在骨髓腔中设置的空腔尽可能准确地和待容纳的假体杆的轮廓相适配。事后再修正假体杆的位置会导致扩大空腔,并且因此导致固定不可靠。因此损害假体的长期稳定性。当进行内假体植入时不应采用粘合剂时特别是如此。
已公开了不同的工具。采用这些工具可将假体通过其杆进行植入。EP B 0852931公开了一种插入工具,其具有带接合器的握持件,用于在骨髓腔中掏空空腔的粗锉或者待插入的内假体的杆可以设置在该接合器上。粗锉构造成成形锉。它用于形成和待插入的杆的轮廓相匹配的空腔。当该空腔已掏成,可将该粗锉从握持件上取下来,然后将内假体的杆和握持件连接起来。这时将握持件用作插入工具。EPB 0956824公开了一种类似的插入工具。握持件具有可遥控的快速接合器。借助该快速接合器可将粗锉或者待插入的假体的杆固定在握持件上。此外,该握持件在它的远离接合器的后端部上具有砧。该砧用作敲击头。这样,当假体杆张紧地固定在骨髓腔中时,通过锤击可将内假体植入到它的最终位置中。
这些已公开的插入工具的缺点在于,位置的变化,特别是例如在修正时出现的位置变化,会导致杆在骨头的骨髓腔中的固定发生扩张,并且因此导致假体杆的固定变坏。如果这些修正是在敲入时进行的,则更是这样。当由于可达条件困难,敲不是从有利的方向打击到敲击头上时也会无意地出现这种情况。这样不仅会出现杆的错误定位,并且因此出现假体相对于骨骼的错误定位,而且也会出现不好的固定,并且因此出现过早松动的危险。
发明内容
本发明的任务是将本文开头所述类型的插入工具作如下的改进,即可简化该工具的可靠和位置准确的插入。
根据本发明的方案提出一种用于内假体的插入工具,所述内假体具有插在骨髓腔中的杆部部分和带有锥体的颈部部分,所述插入工具包括具有保持叉和对向支承件的夹紧装置,该夹紧装置如此构造,使得在夹紧状态时将内假体牢固固定,并且在松开状态时将内假体释放,并且所述插入工具还包括敲击装置,其中,在夹紧装置上固定地设置有用于敲击元件的导轨,并且该导轨如此地取向,使得由导轨所确定的路径直通到保持在夹紧装置中的内假体的端侧面,根据本发明,所述对向支承件与锥体的端面共同作用,其中设有用于所述敲击元件的反冲阻尼机构,其中所述敲击元件是插入到导轨中的冲杆。
根据本发明,用于具有颈部部分和插在骨髓腔中的杆部部分的内假体的插入工具,包括具有保持叉和对向支承件的夹紧装置,该夹紧装置如此构造,使得在夹紧状态时将内假体牢固固定,并且在松开状态时将内假体释放,并且所述插入工具还包括敲击装置,本发明提出,在夹紧装置上固定地设置有用于敲击元件的导轨,并且该导轨如此地取向,使得由导轨所确定的路径直通到保持在夹紧装置中的内假体的端侧面。
首先解释几个概念:
关于保持叉应理解为一种容纳部,该容纳部向一侧敞开,以便将保持着的物体置入到该容纳部中,或者将其从该容纳部中取出。但是并不需要在物体已置入时通过闭锁装置将开口关闭。
关于对向支承件应理解为一种用于传递压力而构造的部件,这种部件如此地设置在保持叉的对面,使得它们将内假体的应固定的部分在它们之间夹紧。
关于导轨应理解为这样一种装置,该装置给敲击元件既规定位置,也规定运动方向(路径)。
本发明是建立在这样的构思之上,即通过一种插入工具将假体的杆部部分位置准确地插入到骨髓腔中,使得无论是在导入时,还是在敲入时都准确地确定假体的位置。使用根据本发明的插入工具,不仅保证在插入到骨髓腔中的插入阶段时,而且也保证在敲入阶段时的假体的准确导向。通过使用在根据本发明的插入工具上设置的用于敲击元件的导向机构,可以使敲击力以准确确定的方式施加到待植入的假体上。可有效地避免由于未经导向的敲击工具,例如在手中自由手持的锤的不可避免的变化所引起的错误定位。当植入位置的可达性对于手术者有限制时,本发明的方法是很有利的。正是在可达性条件困难的情况下,按照常规方式由于不能在保持工具的准确延长部位上对敲击工具进行导向而出现偏差。这些偏差导致错误的定位。使用根据本发明构造的插入工具,即使在这么困难的条件下也能以简单和可靠的方式达到位置准确的植入。
虽然不是绝对要求,但是如果导轨侧边是封闭的,则是合适的。如果导轨构造成管子则是特别有利的。它也可同时用作手术者抓住的把手的一部分。于是它可以同时用作给手术者握持的手柄的一部分。封闭的构造可防止外来物的进入。通过这一措施几乎可以消除敲击元件在导向时受到阻碍和卡住的危险。
当敲击元件是插入到导轨中的冲杆时,则是特别优选的。在导轨优选构造为具有相同轮廓的内部形状的管子的情况下,冲杆由于其纵向延伸的形状被最佳地导向。冲杆的杆不仅用于导向,而且基于其由于比较长地延展而较大的质量,本身也可用作敲击元件。这样可选择地附加设置在冲杆的端部的敲击头可以构造得较小一些。这样插入工具有比较小的附加重量就足够了,并且由于冲杆的分散的质量,以操作技术上有利的方式实现了平衡。优选将敲击头构造成把手。这样冲杆既可用手操作,也可通过它的构造为砧面的背面用作敲击头。
冲杆在它的前端部具有顶端,它有利地是修园的。与之相比,钝形的顶端具有这样的优点,即当有角度地敲击到内假体的端面时,减少了刻痕和损伤的危险。刻痕或者另一些损伤会导致在这个部位削弱假体材料,这会导致相应地减少假体的稳定性,并且因此减少假体的使用寿命。如果承受冲杆敲击的假体的端面并非是完全平整的,则顶端的修园的构造也是有利的。
正如已经提到的,由于冲杆的质量分布,插入工具得到良好的平衡。为了在利用冲杆植入假体时也保留这种对于操作有利的特性,合适地给冲杆设置有反冲阻尼机构。这个反冲阻尼机构用于阻止或者至少减少在敲击之后冲杆的反弹。这种反弹其作用相当于反跳,并且导致插入工具的所不希望的改变位置的危险。通过反冲阻尼机构克服了这一点。用于反冲阻尼机构所需要的附加费用特别的低。在冲杆的杆上设置一种对导轨施加摩擦力的摩擦元件可能已经就够了。特别合适的是,在冲杆的杆上构造圆周槽,O形圈放入到该圆周槽中。如此地选择O形圈的尺寸,即其在内侧紧靠在构造为管子的导轨的壁上。
有利地将冲杆构造成区段式的,其中,一个区段具有比另一区段更小的横截面。如果具有较小横截面的区段在朝着保持装置的方向看去处在前面,则通过具有较宽横截面的区段过渡到上述区段的过度部位处所形成的凸肩,可以构造成用于冲杆的深度止挡。通过这一措施,使得冲杆滑出和继续向待植入的内假体方向推出的危险最小化。由此产生的杆朝着顶端的阶梯状的变细不仅使得形成止挡成为可能,而且也使得从冲杆的顶端更换O形圈更为容易。
根据本发明的另一方面,在夹紧装置上设置有位置标记,用于实现内假体在夹紧装置上的角度准确的位置。通过这一措施给手术者提供一种简单可用的指示,即假体在插入工具上被支承在正确的角度方向上。位置标记机构可以用不同的方式构造,最为简单的情况是通过打标记。将这些位置标记构造成夹紧装置上的凸起,已证明是合适的。这些凸起在夹紧状态时嵌入到内假体的凹槽中。这些凸起只有在角度正确的位置中才卡入到内假体上的相应凹槽中,这样能够以简单和合适的方式将内假体固定在其相对于插入工具的相对位置中。于是目视控制方位是多余的。即使在很困难的条件下可达性非常差时也使方位得以保留,或者在必要时也可无目光接触容易地重新确定方位。优选将凸起设置在对向支承件上,其尺寸比内假体的端面上的凹槽的深度约大出0.1mm至1mm。通过这一措施达到,对向支承件和内假体之间的接触是通过凸起实现的,确切地说,这些凸起的顶端靠放在凹槽的底部。对向支承件的其余部分不需和内假体接触,特别是对向支承件可相对于内假体的端面自由存在。这是不容低估的优点,因为内假体的端面也是尺寸精确的保持部件的一部分。为了保证关节连接部件的尺寸准确地定位,必须尽可能地对这一部分进行保护,防止受到损伤。
在适合的实施形式中如此地构造保持叉,使得在保持叉中构造有用于保持件的固定锥体的支座。在该支座中,固定锥体用它的下边缘被容纳在保持叉中。其中,支座不需要具有大的深度,深度最多到2.5mm,通常优选为1mm就足够了。用这种支座达到只需要在下部边缘区域对固定锥体施加作用。这样,敏感的锥体表壳面在施加作用之前通过保持叉得到保护。按照这种方式可防止表壳面受到损害。
附图说明
下面参考附图对本发明进行更加详细的描述,在这些附图中示出了一个实施例。附图示出:
图1根据本发明的插入工具的一个实施例的视图,其装有内假体并处于夹紧状态下;
图2根据图1的插入工具处于松开状态下的视图;
图3在图1中所示的插入工具的部分剖视图;
图4在图1中所示插入工具的夹紧装置的一部分的前视图;
图5夹紧装置的部分剖视图,带有待容纳的内假体。
具体实施方式
根据本实施例的插入工具通常为一种夹钳式的基本结构,其在后部区域具有握持件,在前部区域具有夹紧件29(随后称作夹紧装置)。这两个区域通过回转铰链29分开。握持件具有2个棒状地向后延伸的手柄21、22。它们在压合状态时可借助卡锁装置24固定。
插入工具的总体用标记2表示。夹紧装置20布置在该插入工具的前端部。该夹紧装置主要由叉子25构成,该叉子25在与手柄21相连接的腿的前端部上。该叉子具有容纳开口。待夹紧的内假体1插入到该容纳开口中。此外,夹紧装置20在由手柄22所形成的腿的前端部上具有对向支承件。该对向支承件通过滑块26形成。该滑块可摆动地设置在上述前端部上,这样在夹紧装置20关闭和打开时,滑块执行滑动的向前和向后运动。滑块26具有面朝保持叉25的端面。在该端面上设置有两个凸起28。这些凸起构造为销钉式,并且具有约4mm的长度。它们这样取向,使得它们对准保持叉25,确切地说是对准保持叉的开口区域。
现在描述插入工具中的导轨的结构。手柄21在它的后部区域中构造成管状的。该把手具有在它的整个长度上延伸的孔23。该孔用作冲杆31的导轨。冲杆31构造成一种敲击工具,并主要由分成两个区段34、35的、且具有修圆的顶端36的杆构成。在冲杆31的后端部设置有由手术者操作的把手32。同其它的插入工具一样,冲杆31由优质钢制成。由于冲杆31包括把手32的质量,在许多情况中可通过手的力达到足够的敲击作用。当出现要求有更高的敲击作用时,在把手32的背面设置砧面33。可用锤击对它施加作用,这样,可明显地增大可由顶端36传递的敲击作用。
在冲杆31上,在它的外表面上在第一区段34的区域中构造有圆周槽37。在这个圆周槽中设置有O形圈38。该O形圈的尺寸是如此确定的,使得它不和杆区段34的表面平齐,而是如此程度地伸出来,使它和孔31的内壁相接触。通过这一措施,O形圈施加一种摩擦力。这种摩擦力和冲杆31的运动方向相反。通过这一措施可在很大程度上阻止在敲击作用后,特别是在锤击砧面33时,冲杆31发生反弹。
为了阐明插入工具的作用方式,下面对待植入的内假体作简短说明。内假体是指一种杆状假体,例如它形成总的髋关节假体的股骨部分。杆状假体主要由纵向弯曲延伸的杆部部分10、支承凸缘11和在支承凸缘上突起的颈部部分14构成。在颈部部分14的外部区域中构造有锥体13。它用于容纳铰链球。在这种情况中,锥体13的表壳面以及它的端面16确定了铰链球(未示出)的位置。这些表面精确地制成,并且必须予以保护,防止损伤。杆部部分10用于植入到之前已打开的股骨的骨髓腔中。杆部部分10可以构造成有粘合剂和无粘合剂的植入。正是在无粘合剂的植入的情况下,与骨髓腔中周围的结构有良好的形状配合很重要。在插入或者在撞入时,内假体1或者杆部部分10的方向变化会导致在骨髓腔中的扩张,这样就损害了形状配合,并且因此减小了内假体在股骨中锚定的稳定性和可靠性。为了在插入和撞入时能对内假体1进行可靠的导向,将内假体夹紧在插入工具2上。这是使用夹紧装置20以下述描述方式进行的。
夹紧装置20构造成通过其保持叉25和其对向支承件26,在颈部部分14的锥体13上将内假体1保持住。在保持叉25中设置有圆形的台阶。该台阶用作锥体13的下边缘15的支座27。支座27的深度是如此选择的,使得锥体13进入到保持叉25中大约1mm。只有在这个区域中才出现保持叉25和锥体13之间的接触。这个区域典型地对于和铰链头的连接是不重要的,因为铰链头没有如此远地延伸到锥体13。支座27在锥体13的其它区域内不施加作用,因此其得到保护,不受损害。对向支承件26和锥体13的端面16共同作用。但是它并不直接位于端面16上,而是用它的凸起28嵌接到锥体13的端面16上的相应凹槽18中。其中凸起28的高度比凹槽18的深度略大。事实证明,当凹槽18的深度为3mm时,凸起28的高度为4mm是合适的。通过这一措施使凸起28用它的顶端靠放在凹槽18的底部,而端面16本身并没有和滑块26接触。其保留有大约1mm的安全间隙。通过压合握持件21和22,带有凸起28的滑块26向前(沿着夹紧方向)移动。其中,凸起28进入到凹槽18中,并且压迫锥体13以其下边缘15进入到保持叉25的支座27中。这样,内假体1被牢固地夹紧到插入工具上。通过凸起28确定了角度位置。因此这些凸起用作位置标记机构。现在手术者就能够可靠和位置准确地控制内假体1。
在植入的第一步骤中,内假体1用它的杆部10借助插入工具2植入到骨髓腔中。由于杆部的锥度,通常无需花特别的力气就达到杆部10的大约2/3至3/4的长度。然后拉得越来越紧的假体杆部10的支座在骨髓腔床中需要越来越大的力气,直到必须对内假体1进行锤击,以使它达到最终位置。这可采用根据本发明的插入工具实现,而无须将该工具取下。手术者借助把手32操作冲杆31。其中具有对向支承件26的保持叉25的布置如此地和孔23的位置相协调一致,使得如此地选择由该孔所确定的冲杆的路径30,即顶端36在凸缘11上碰到内假体1。由冲杆31所传递的脉动因此直接传递到凸缘11上,并且因此传递到杆部10上,而不给锥体13和颈部部分14施加载荷。这种直接传递不仅保护了内假体1的锥体13和颈部部分14,而且还能通过冲杆31的比较小的敲击达到高的锤入效果。
内假体相对于冲杆的路径30布置的角度(角度α)大约为20度至40度(优选为25度),并且如此进行选择,使得在内假体1的位置中-在此位置中为了锤入需要最大的力-导向路径30大约垂直于骨头的切面。这样保证这个要求特别大的力气的部段能有最佳的力传递。
在根据本发明的插入工具中,可将内假体位置和角度准确地夹紧在插入工具上,并且在这个规定好的位置中将内假体精确地植入到骨髓腔中。可用该插入工具进行为了达到内假体的最终固定位置所要求的后敲击,其中,通过冲杆31的导向保证将锤击的脉动力引导到内假体1的凸缘11上的有利位置上。在这种情况中使内假体1的敏感的锥体13得到保护,使其免受敲击力。内假体的敲入可使用集成其中的冲杆31进行而无须更换工具。在必要时可通过冲杆31的后端部上的砧面33,附加地用锤子进行后期敲击。

Claims (15)

1.用于内假体(1)的插入工具,所述内假体具有插在骨髓腔中的杆部部分(10)和带有锥体(13)的颈部部分(12),所述插入工具包括具有保持叉(25)和对向支承件(26)的夹紧装置(2),该夹紧装置如此构造,使得在夹紧状态时将内假体(1)牢固固定,并且在松开状态时将内假体(1)释放,并且所述插入工具还包括敲击装置(3),其中,在夹紧装置(2)上固定地设置有用于敲击元件(31)的导轨(23),并且该导轨(23)如此地取向,使得由导轨(23)所确定的路径直通到保持在夹紧装置(2)中的内假体的端侧面(11),其特征在于,所述对向支承件(26)与锥体(13)的端面(16)共同作用,其中设有用于所述敲击元件的反冲阻尼机构(38),其中所述敲击元件是插入到导轨(23)中的冲杆(31)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的插入工具,其特征在于,导轨(23)是封闭的。
3.按照权利要求2所述的插入工具,其特征在于,导轨(23)构造为管子。
4.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的插入工具,其特征在于,在所述保持叉(25)中设置有支座(27),用于所述内假体的固定锥(13)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的插入工具,其特征在于,支座(27)具有小于2mm的深度。
6.按照权利要求5所述的插入工具,其特征在于,支座(27)的深度小于1mm。
7.按照权利要求6所述的插入工具,其特征在于,冲杆(31)在其后面的、远离内假体的端部具有把手(32)。
8.按照权利要求7所述的插入工具,其特征在于,把手(32)具有敲击表面(33)。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的插入工具,其特征在于,冲杆(31)具有修圆的顶端(36)。
10.按照权利要求1所述的插入工具,其特征在于,反冲阻尼机构构造为设置在圆周槽(37)中的O形圈(38)。
11.按照权利要求1所述的插入工具,其特征在于,将冲杆(31)构造成分段的,其中一个区段(35)具有比另一区段(34)更小的横截面。
12.按照前述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的插入工具,其特征在于,在夹紧装置(2)上设置有位置标记(28),用于实现内假体(1)的角度准确的位置。
13.按照权利要求12所述的插入工具,其特征在于,位置标记是在夹紧装置(2)上的凸起(28),该凸起被构造用于在夹紧状态下嵌入到内假体(1)上的凹槽(18)中。
14.按照权利要求13所述的插入工具,其特征在于,凸起(28)布置在对向支承件(26)上。
15.按照权利要求14所述的插入工具,其特征在于,凸起(28)比凹槽(18)的深度大出0.1mm至1mm。
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US8157808B2 (en) 2012-04-17

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