CN101255787A - 控制井下地层和中心管之间的流体流动的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种控制在井下地层和中心管之间的流体流动的方法,该中心管位于靠近井下地层的井眼里。在井下地层和中心管之间设置多个节流器来调节地层和中心管之间流体的流动。在一个实施例中,每一节流器包含一安在中心管上的喷嘴。在另一实施例中,每一节流器具有一个设置在中心管上的外壳中的喷嘴。多个阻塞件被泵入井下以与节流器接合。之后井眼里的压力加大,直到阻塞件与每一节流器接合。在一可供选择的实施例中,阻塞件被泵入井下并堵住具有喷嘴的外壳。在中心管和井下地层间的流体流动可以通过溶化阻塞件或者回流开采管来移除阻塞件而得以恢复。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
[0001]本申请要求对2007年6月26日向美国提交的申请号为11/768,227的专利申请的优先权,该专利申请享有2007年1月15日向美国提交的申请号为60/884,940的美国临时专利申请的申请日,其整体并入此处。
技术领域
[0002]本发明一般涉及一种用来控制在地下储层和中心管之间流体的流动的系统,并包含一种通过阻挡采出液流入中心管来抑制在地下井中采出液流动的方法。
背景技术
[0003]一般来说,为阻止非均匀流量的流体从一井的若干层流入一生产套管(例如,通过一沙筛组件流入一生产管),一或多个流入控制装置(“ICD”或“ICDs”)可以被用于适当阻塞、限制或者打开每层上井环和生产套管之间的流通。这样,储层流体获得相等或几乎相等的径向流入量。一种能达到此目的的系统在美国专利申请号为2006/0118296的文件中得到描述,该文件在此引用以作为参考。另一能实现此目的的系统在美国专利公开号为2006/0048942号(“’942申请”)的文件中得到描述,该文件也在此引用以作参考。
[0004]在井操作中,有时不仅有必要“压住”该井或者以其它方式切断流入生产套管里的开采液的流入,而且随后还必须恢复采出液向生产套管的流入。同时,还有必要控制流体从生产套管向岩层的注入。这些新的效果都可以通过本发明的方法得到实现。
发明内容
[0005]依照本发明,提供了一种控制在井下地层和中心管之间流体流动的方法,该中心管位于靠近井下地层的井眼的生产套管中。根据本发明的方法包含了在中心管和井下地层之间设置多个节流器来调节地层和中心管之间流体的流动的步骤。多个阻塞件被泵至井下从而与节流器接合。位于阻塞件之后的生产套管里的压力逐渐加大,直到阻塞件与节流器接合,以阻断地层和中心管之间的流体的流动。
[0006]在本发明的一个实施例中,每个节流器是形成在中心管中的喷嘴,并且阻塞件中的一个直接接合节流器来阻止流体流经该节流器。在本发明的另一实施例中,每一节流器包括一喷嘴,该喷嘴位于一设置在中心管上的外壳中,多个被泵至井下的阻塞件被嵌至该外壳中以阻止井下地层和中心管之间的流体的流动。
[0007]依照本发明,在井下地层和中心管之间流动的流体是一种流体的产品,并且每一节流器都适于控制该开采液。在本发明的另一实施例中,该流体为一注入流体并且每一节流器为喷嘴,该喷嘴适于控制该注入流体由中心管向井下地层的注入。
[0008]依照本发明,该阻塞件可以由聚合材料制造。在另一实施例中,阻塞件可以由或者经过时间或使用化学处理的条件下可溶解的材料制造。
[0009]依照本发明的方法可以更进一步包括恢复从地层到中心管的流动的步骤,并且这样的恢复可以或者通过向井下泵送化学物质来溶解这些阻塞件,或者使生产套管回流来解除阻塞件与喷嘴之间的接合而得以实现。
附图说明
[0010]图1是包含一流入控制装置的生产油管的管段的一部分的部分横截面的正视图。
[0011]图2是图1中的一部分的放大图。
[0012]图3是部分截面的纵剖图,该图对本发明的一个实施例进行说明,该实施例用于切断流入图1和2所示结构中的采出品。
[0013]图4是部分截面的侧视图,该侧视图对本发明的另一个实施例进行说明,该实施例用于切断流入如942申请所公开的那种结构中的采出品。
具体实施方式
[0014]可以意识到,本发明可以呈现多种形式和实施方式。在随后的描述中,本发明的某些实施例被描述,并且很多细节被阐述以形成对本发明的认识。然而,本领域技术人员可意识到,本发明可以不仅仅局限于这些细节来实施,所述实施例的许多变化的形式和改良都将是可能的。下面的描述将进一步说明但不限定本发明。
[0015]如图1和2所示,一ICD可以提供给连接到其它该管段(未显示)的管段(长度)14,它们一起包括井的生产油管。该管段14由中心管(base pipe)16组成,其每一末端都具有螺纹从而使得通过一螺纹管连接件18,管段14能与其它这样的管段14相连接。在这一实施例中,中心管16在其上游设置有一沙筛20。沙筛20的一末端部分通过一内端套管22和一围绕的外端套管24与中心管16连接,该内端套管22与一内圈垫片23相配合。通过流动控制装置10、12,沙筛20的另一末端部分和一连接套管26通过一外端套管28牢固连接。沙筛20设置有数个间隔条30,间隔条30在以互相等距的角距离固定在中心管16的外边缘并沿着中心管16的轴线方向延伸。连续的和小间距的绕丝32以在每一绕丝32间形成一狭缝开口的方式缠绕在间隔条30的外部,通过这些狭缝开口,储层流体可以自周围储层岩层中流入。从而许多轴向流动通道34沿着中心管16的外部设置,其位于连续并相邻的间隔条30之间的同时也位于绕丝32和中心管16之间。通过这些通道34,储层流体可以流到和通过连接套管26。连接套管26也可以形成有轴向但半圆形的流动通道36形成,流动通道36沿连接套管26的周边等距离分布。通过这些流动通道36,流体可以向前流入流动控制装置10、12。然而应当指出,每一独立轴向流动通道34,36都形成有相对较大的流动截面区域。在流体流经通道34,36时,流动摩擦以及相关的流体压力损耗因此相对于由位于其下游的流动控制装置10、12中的流动限制所引起的能量损耗而言,减低到最低程度。
[0016]仍然如图1和2所示,储层流体流入在流动控制装置10中的一环形空间38内。该环形空间38包括位于中心管(基管)16与一环绕的管状外壳40之间的具有环形横截面的空腔。外壳40的上游端部分环绕连接套管26,同时外壳40的下游端部分环绕中心管16。在该实施例中,外壳40的下游端部分配合有内环垫片41。
[0017]依照本发明,大量节流器被放置在井下岩层和基管16之间。在一实施例中,节流器是一形成于中间管里的喷嘴。在该实施例中,中间管16的一部分直接和环形套筒38接触并且,可以设置有多个具有相同镗孔直径的贯穿并且带螺纹的插孔42。相应数量的具有外螺纹并且渗透性打开的喷嘴插件44(例如由陶瓷制作的)可移除地置于该插孔42内。喷嘴插件44可以是具有一个特定的喷嘴内径,或者它们可以是具有不同喷嘴内径。所有通过沙筛20流动的流体被引入并穿过喷嘴插件44,之后它们遭遇能量损耗和连带的压力损耗。流体随后流入中心管16并继续向前进入内孔46中。如果没有流体需要穿过流动控制装置10里的一或多个插孔42,这个/这些插孔42可以设置有螺纹的密封塞插件(未示出)。
[0018]为了允许喷嘴插件44和/或密封塞插件在所述插孔42里的快速放置或更换,外壳40设置有在数量和位置上均与设置在内部的插孔42相对应的贯穿进入孔48。通过使用适当的工具,喷嘴插件44和/或密封塞插件可以通过这些通道孔48放置或更换。在该实施例中,图示进入孔48通过一覆盖套管50相对于外部环境密封,该覆盖套管可移除地,并且优选地压力密封地,其通过移螺纹连接件51定位于管状外壳40外。管段14随后可以与其他管段14连接以包括连续生产油管。在另一实施例中,喷嘴可以通过铣削技术形成于中心管之上。
[0019]参照图3,在例如图1和2所示的实施例中,选定数量的阻塞件200可以泵至井下(例如通过井下流体介质)进入一位于目标开采层的管段14。流体压力通过阻塞件200之后的泵增加直至每一喷嘴44都被阻塞件200接合。这个时候,地表的泵操作员应该观察到一压力尖峰,该压力尖峰显示出通过ICD10中的喷嘴44的连通已经被充分隔断,从而显示开采液的流入被中断并且井被压住。
[0020]所选取的被泵入井下的阻塞件200的数量一般需要至少与喷嘴数相同。在多数操作中,谨慎的做法是泵入超出所需数量的阻塞件以确保彻底的流入隔断(即堵塞每一个喷嘴)。
[0021]图1和2的结构也可以被用于调节从中间管到岩层中的注入流体的注入。在这一实施例中,节流器也可以通过使用喷嘴来实现。注入流体的注入同样可以如前面所述通过向井下泵入大量阻塞件得以隔断。
[0022]本申请中所用“注入流体”包含任何引送去井环以实现井建造的流体。“注入流体”包含但不被限制为追踪液体、酸、凝胶、泡沫或者其他刺激流体、工作液、压井液、人工提升流体(液体或气体)、抗腐蚀的流体、三分之一或二密度的盐水和柴油。
[0023]依照图4,在又一实施例中,节流器可以形成于位于中心管上的外壳中。在图4里,结构100是生产套管的一部分并且包括一中心管101,在该中心管101的外部设置有一控制室102。一节流器设置在控制室102中并且在一个实施例中该节流器包括喷嘴102a。一沙筛103被提供并且采出液可以从岩层104流出,通过沙筛103再通过多个注入控制室102进入中心管101中。
[0024]仍然参照图4,采出液向中心管101的流入可以通过将大量阻塞件110向井下泵送(例如通过井下流动介质)进入位于目标生产层中的中心管101中的方式来隔断。阻塞件110的尺寸比图3所示阻塞件200要小,它通过孔102b进入控制室102并且堵住在控制室102里的喷嘴102a。
[0025]图4所示结构也可以如前所述被用于从中心管向井下岩层注入该注入流体。
[0026]阻塞件110、200可以由任何材料组成,在井环境下,这些材料在机械方面、材料方面、化学方面都有能力与一喷嘴接合并保持该状态。在一些实施例中,可以采用聚合物塞。在其他实施例中,塞可以由这种材料组成,该材料经过时间溶解或者在另一种化学物质存在的情况下溶解,后一种材料可以被注入或泵入以与塞接触从而再次实现生产流动。在其他实施例中,生产套管可以回流以解除塞与喷嘴的接合。
[0027]本发明的其他实施例希望通过任何流动控制装置用于阻挡采出液流动,该ICD包括,但不局限于那些包含喷嘴、端口、孔、穿口、阀或其他流体测量设备的ICDs。
[0028]虽然与本发明相关的一些有限的实施例已经被公示,本领域技术人员可依此进行改良和变换。希望所附的权利要求书能够涵盖所有符合本发明的实质和内容的改良和变化。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于控制在井下地层和位于靠近该井下地层的井眼中的生产套管内的中心管之间的流体流动的方法,包括步骤:
在中心管和井下地层之间设置多个节流器来调节在地层和中心管之间的流体的流动;
向井下泵入多个阻塞件以与节流器接合,以及
增加阻塞件之后生产套管中的压力,直至阻塞件与节流器接合从而阻断地层和中心管之间的流体的流动。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中每一节流器是形成在中心管内的喷嘴。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法,其中阻塞件直接地接合节流器以阻断通过该节流器的流体的流动。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中每一节流器包含设置在中心管上的外壳中的喷嘴。
5、如权利要求4所述的方法,其中向井下泵入的多个的阻塞件被卡在外壳中以阻断井下地层和中心管之间的流体的流动。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述流体为采出液并且每一节流器都适于调节该采出液由井下地层至中心管内的流动。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中该流体为注入流体并且每一节流器为喷嘴,所述喷嘴适于调节从中心管注入井下地层的注入流体。
8、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中设置每一节流器的步骤包括:
在中心管里形成多个孔;和
在每一所述孔里设置喷嘴。
9、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中设置每一节流器的步骤包括将其形成于中心管上。
10、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中设置每一节流器的步骤包括:
在布置于中心管上的外壳内形成端口;以及
在每一端口内设置喷嘴。
11、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中阻塞件由聚合体材料制造。
12、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中阻塞件由可溶解的材料制造。
13、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中阻塞件由随时间而溶解的材料制造。
14、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中阻塞件由能够使用化学处理而溶解的材料制造。
15、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中进一步包括恢复从地层到中心管的采出液的流动的步骤。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中恢复采出液的流动的步骤包括溶解所述阻塞件的步骤。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法,其中溶解阻塞件的步骤包括向井下泵送化学物质以溶解所述阻塞件的步骤。
18、如权利要求15所述的方法,其中恢复采出液流动的步骤包括回流生产套管以使阻塞件从与喷嘴的接合脱开。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US88494007P | 2007-01-15 | 2007-01-15 | |
US60/884,940 | 2007-01-15 | ||
US11/768,227 | 2007-06-26 | ||
US11/768,227 US7832473B2 (en) | 2007-01-15 | 2007-06-26 | Method for controlling the flow of fluid between a downhole formation and a base pipe |
Publications (2)
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CN101255787A true CN101255787A (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
CN101255787B CN101255787B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
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-
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- 2008-01-15 CN CN2008100920130A patent/CN101255787B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN102612589A (zh) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-07-25 | 贝克休斯公司 | 当流体性能处于选定范围时能够显著减少流体流动的流动控制装置 |
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CN104204401B (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2018-04-24 | 贝克休斯公司 | 刮擦塞元件以及使油井环境增产的方法 |
CN103452536A (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-18 | 韦瑟福德/拉姆股份有限公司 | 具有可外部配置的流动端口的入流控制装置 |
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CN110748326A (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-02-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种可控溶解节流器及其溶解方法和应用 |
CN110748326B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-08-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种可控溶解节流器及其溶解方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO20080215L (no) | 2008-07-16 |
NO336995B1 (no) | 2015-12-14 |
CN101255787B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
US7832473B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
US20080169099A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
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