CN101253188A - 从氯化物中提取6-o-保护的三氯半乳糖的新方法 - Google Patents
从氯化物中提取6-o-保护的三氯半乳糖的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to halogen
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种从含有一种或多种TGS-6-酯和包括DMF的杂质的过程流中,需要除去DMF而提取6-酰基-4,1’,6’三氯半乳蔗糖(缩写为TGS-6-酯)的方法,包括将该过程流中和,然后调节pH至酸性侧,优选5~7,然后用部分可溶或者不溶的有机溶剂提取,可选择地浓缩该有机溶剂提取物,用饱和盐水溶液提取该有机溶剂提取物以除去二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)并分离纯馏分中的TGS-6-乙酸酯,其可以在碱性pH下进行去乙酰化以形成TGS。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纯化蔗糖-6-酯而使其不含诸如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的胺的新方法和新策略,其通过从包括蔗糖、1’-6’-二氯-1’-6’-二脱氧-β-呋喃果糖-4-氯-4-脱氧-吡喃半乳糖苷的氯化化合物生产过程中的反应混合物中直接取。
背景技术
现有技术文献描述了从蔗糖开始生产1’-6’-二氯-1’-6’-二脱氧-β-呋喃果糖-4-氯-4-脱氧-吡喃半乳糖苷,即4,1’,6’三氯半乳蔗糖(缩写为TGS)的合成方案。在一个实施方式中,可以在将蔗糖分子进行氯化反应之前保护其6位。可以使用由磷酰氯、五氯化磷、光气、或[二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯]与诸如DMF或二甲基乙酰胺的溶剂所制备的任何常规的Vilsmeier试剂,对蔗糖6-乙酸酯或任何其它等价的蔗糖-6-酯进行氯化。这些反应的难点在于分离被保护的和未被保护的形式的产物,使其不含诸如DMF的在反应中所用的溶剂。在专利文献中报道了各种方法,其中首先将反应混合物在碱性水溶液中淬灭,对该反应混合物可以进行气提而只除去DMF(Navia等,美国专利5530106和5498709),或者在适宜的干燥器中除去全部的水和溶剂(Rarnam等(2005)a(WO/2005/090374即PCT/IN2004/000142和Ratnam等(2005)b(WO/2005/090376)即PCT/IN2004/000064)。这两种方法都有一个缺点,即,在去保护的过程中,被淬灭物的pH升高到9~11,DMF明显损失。另外,如果没有将DMF从反应物中全部除去,它将被带到结晶阶段并且阻碍结晶过程。
本发明涉及从获得自6-酰基蔗糖氯化反应的反应混合物中分离6-保护的三氯半乳蔗糖的新方法和新策略。该酰基可以是诸如苯甲酰基的芳香酰基、诸如对甲氧基苯甲酰基的取代芳香酰基、或者烷酰基基团,即乙酰基。该6-保护的三氯半乳蔗糖衍生物可以通过常规的碱水解而被去保护,以生成目的三氯半乳蔗糖。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施方式涉及防止DMF以及TGS-6-酯被破坏,其通过将已中和的氯化反应混合物的pH调节到pH5~7,然后将其用不溶或者部分不溶的有机溶剂提取,用饱和盐水溶液冲洗有机溶剂提取物以完成DMF的去除并通过使用适宜的纯化方法从有机溶剂提取物中回收被提取的有机成分,所述纯化方法包括但不限于溶剂提取、柱色谱,等等。
在碱性pH下,将以粗制或纯化形式分离的TGS-6-酯去酯化,并通过使用一种或多种纯化方法分离所形成的TGS。
具体实施方式
在本实施方式中,研究出一种方法,其中在氯化反应后,利用碱、碱土金属的氢氧化物或碳酸盐,乃至使用碱或碱土金属的醇盐将反应物的pH调节到大约5~7。用TLC分析中和物,并且发现几乎没有观察到6-乙酰TGS(TGS-6-乙酸酯)去乙酰基化成TGS。然后将该物质用诸如乙酸乙酯、甲乙酮、二氯甲烷等的水不溶或者微溶的溶剂提取。所有的6-酰基三氯半乳蔗糖(TGS-6-酯)以及其它氯化蔗糖衍生物都进入到有机层。
该有机提取物被浓缩到其初始体积的50%并用饱和氯化钠水溶液冲洗以将提取入有机层中的DMF除去。饱和氯化钠溶液和有机提取物的比率保持在1∶5~1∶7。重复冲洗5~10个周期。已经发现了更溶于水的DMF保留回到水层中。因此这一方法学也给出了从反应混合物中将很难被除去的DMF除掉的创新工艺。
粗制TGS-6-乙酸酯可以被从乙酸乙酯提取物中分离。其然后被使用溶剂的提取纯化,或者通过使用硅烷化硅胶的柱色谱来纯化该产物所纯化。被纯化物可以在碱性水溶液中或者在醇盐醇溶液中被分离或去乙酰化以生成目的三氯半乳蔗糖。
在另一个策略中,在对已中和的反应物进行溶剂萃取、浓缩以及饱和氯化钠冲洗以后,含杂质的TGS-6-酯可以首先被去乙酰化以生成粗制三氯半乳蔗糖,其随后被提取纯化方法或者被使用硅烷化硅胶的柱色谱所纯化。
一旦从提取或者色谱纯化获得纯的TGS,则使用溶剂混合物,例如乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷、甲醇/乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯/二氯甲烷或者甲醇/乙酸丁酯将其结晶。
下面给出的实施例仅仅是说明本发明优选的实施方式。它们决不应被认为通过实际使用的化学品,实际使用的反应条件等限制本发明的范围。本发明适用于一种或多种生产TGS-6-乙酸酯或TGS的方法,其中DMF是过程流(process stream)/反应混合物的组分,并且需要被除去以使得接下去的步骤可以更有效。对本领域技术人员显而易见的本文所描述的实施方式的任何修改或改变或者在权利要求范围内的新的实施方式,均被认为在本说明书的范围内。类似地,除非上下文不允许,所提及的任何单数也指包括其复数形式。如果所述单数词汇指通用术语/名称,除非上下文不允许,其也包括该类的所有具体实例。因此,“溶剂”包括使用所有已知的溶剂,它们中的一种或多种,单独地,或者组合作为混合物或者被连续地使用,而“纯化方法”包括所有已知的能用于本文的方法中的一种或多种。
另外,通常所提及的任何酯基团,包括“酰基”或具体包括“乙酰基”或“乙酯”将被认为包括该基团的每个化学等价物。
实施例1、通过NaCl洗涤以及随后利用提取纯化进行纯化而从已提取的中性物中除去季胺
利用由PCl5(252.8kg)和DMF(480kg)生成的Vilsmeier试剂将80kg蔗糖-6-乙酸酯氯化。氯化以后,该反应物在水中被中和并使用氢氧化钙浆液调节pH至6.8。中和后的总体积是3500L。中和以后,则使用稀释的HCl将pH调剂至5.0。
通过滤压器将该中和物过滤以除去溶液中的外来(extraneous)固体。然后,使用1∶3.5倍的乙酸乙酯对溶液进行填充柱液-液提取。分离这些层并且利用HPLC分析各层的TGS-6-乙酸酯含量,利用GC分析各层的DMF含量。发现93%的6-O-乙酰基TGS被提取到有机层中,并且发现DMF的含量是1.87%。
然后将有机层浓缩至50%,并用1∶0.1倍的饱和NaCl溶液处理。分离这些层并进行5次这种洗涤。提取物中的DMF被减少到小于0.5%。然后将该有机层进一步浓缩以彻底除去乙酸乙酯。
用水将所获得的浆液稀释到1∶2倍,然后使用氢氧化钠将pH调节至9.0。通过TLC监测去乙酰化,并在搅拌4~5小时后完成去乙酰化。
该物质被过滤并用30%的盐酸中和至pH7.0~7.5。
对去乙酰化的水层进行提取纯化,以除去极性或非极性杂质。使用1∶0.25v/v的乙酸乙酯和环己烷的1∶1混合物对中和物进行部分提取,以去除大部分的非极性杂质。用氯化钠使水层饱和,并且TGS被提取回到乙酸乙酯中。
在真空下将乙酸乙酯提取物浓缩成稠的浆状物,向其中加入3倍其体积的甲醇。然后,通过加入1∶3倍的乙酸乙酯并且用蒸馏缓慢除去甲醇来沉淀TGS。结晶产物的纯度为98.9%,并且氯化阶段所获得的产率是45%。
实施例2、通过NaCl洗涤以及随后利用柱色谱进行纯化而从已提取的中性物中除去季胺
利用由PCl5(252.8kg)和DMF(480kg)生成的Vilsmeier试剂将80kg蔗糖-6-乙酸酯氯化。氯化以后,使用30%的氢氧化钠溶液中和反应物,然后通过加入稀释的HCl使pH再次回到5.0。过滤后的溶液的总体积是3200L。然后,将溶液过滤以除去外来固体,并且使用1∶3.5倍的乙酸乙酯对溶液进行填充柱液-液提取。
然后将该有机层浓缩至50%,并用1∶0.1倍的饱和NaCl溶液处理。分离层并进行5次这种洗涤。提取物中的DMF被减少到小于0.5%。然后将该有机层进一步浓缩以彻底除去乙酸乙酯。
将所获得的浓缩浆水上样到用硅烷化疏水硅胶填充的SS柱中。所用的硅烷化硅胶的量是用于分离的水性浓缩物的量的10倍。用于将TGS与其它氯化蔗糖衍生物分离的流动相是pH11.0的水性缓冲液。
从柱色谱过程中收集的纯产物馏分被收集在一起并通过反渗透膜体系浓缩成浓度水平高达30%的TGS溶液。然后该浆液被提取到乙酸乙酯中并进行真空浓缩和结晶。
Claims (3)
1、一种生产缩写为TGS的1’-6’-二氯-1’-6’-二脱氧-β-呋喃果糖-4-氯-4-脱氧-吡喃半乳糖苷或缩写为TGS-6-酯的6-酰基-4,1’,6’三氯半乳蔗糖的方法,包括一种过程流,其含有一种或多种TGS-6-酯、DMF、一种或多种无机盐、一种或多种有机盐、一种或多种焦糖化产物、一种或多种酶等,其中,实现TGS-6-酯的分离包括以下一个或多个步骤:
a、调节所述中和后的过程流的pH至酸性侧,优选5~7,
b、用部分可溶或者不溶的有机溶剂提取本权利要求步骤(a.)的过程流,该有机溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲乙酮、二氯甲烷、甲苯、环己烷、氯仿等的一种或多种,
c、可选择地浓缩本权利要求步骤(b.)的有机溶剂提取物,
d、用饱和盐水溶液提取本权利要求步骤(b)或(c.)中的有机溶剂提取物一次或多次,以除去二甲基甲酰胺,直到在所述有机溶剂提取物中残留的DMF含量显著降低,优选降至0.5%或更少,
e、在分离和纯化之后或者之前,在碱性pH下,对本权利要求步骤(d.)结束时的用于分离TGS-6-乙酸酯的有机溶剂提取物或者对形成的TGS-6-乙酸酯进行去乙酰化,以形成TGS。
2、根据步骤1所述的方法,其特征在于,
a、所述TGS-6-酯的酯基团包括烷基或芳基基团,优选乙酯或苯甲酸酯,
b、用于提取所述过程流的所述有机溶剂是乙酸乙酯。
3、权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述过程流是中和的氯化反应混合物,其由下述步骤生产,包括:
a、用一种或多种方法制备通式[HPOCl.sub.2.O.C.sup+=N.sup+.R.sub.2]Cl.sup.-的Vilsmeier试剂,其中R表示烷基,典型地是甲基或乙基,其制备是通过将季胺,优选DMF,与酸氯化物或[二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯](C3O3Cl6)或碳酰氯(COCl2)或二氯亚砜(SOCl2)反应,包括DMF与五氯化磷或乙二酰氯与DMF反应的方法,或者
b、用一种或多种方法制备通式[HPOCl.sub.2.O.C.sup+=N.sup+.R.sub .2]Cl.sup.-的Vilsmeier试剂,其中R表示烷基,典型地是甲基或乙基,其制备是通过季胺,优选DMF,与磷酰氯反应,
c、使优选在DMF中制备的蔗糖-6-酯溶液,优选蔗糖-6-乙酸酯或蔗糖-6-苯甲酸酯溶液,与本权利要求的步骤(a.)或(b.)中所述Vilsmeier试剂反应,
d、将反应物加热到大约85℃,并保持其一段时间,优选大约60分钟,
e、然后进一步加热到大约100℃,并保持其一段时间,优选大约5小时,和
f、然后进一步加热到大约115℃,并保持其一段时间,优选大约90分钟,
g、将氯化物冷却至较低的温度,优选大约60℃,
h、用碱,优选使用氢氧化钙浆水中和所述冷却的氯化物至大约pH7.0。
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