CN101244430A - Composite technique for rolling semi-solid state copper-lead bearing alloy/steel bi-metal - Google Patents
Composite technique for rolling semi-solid state copper-lead bearing alloy/steel bi-metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN101244430A CN101244430A CNA200810102527XA CN200810102527A CN101244430A CN 101244430 A CN101244430 A CN 101244430A CN A200810102527X A CNA200810102527X A CN A200810102527XA CN 200810102527 A CN200810102527 A CN 200810102527A CN 101244430 A CN101244430 A CN 101244430A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a roll-bonding process for semisolid copper-lead bearing alloys/steel bimetals. The weight content percentage of the lead in the copper-lead bearing alloy is 10.0 to 30.0%. In order to refine the crystalline grain of the lead and improve the mechanical property of the alloy, sulfur, tin, nickel, manganese, rare earth and other the third alloy elements can be added in the copper-lead alloy. The process comprises four steps: pretreatment of steel plates, preparation of semisolid sizing agent, roll bounding and water cooling. The detailed process comprises the following steps: performing mechanical agitation to the melted copper-lead bearing alloys at 930 to 1050 DEG C to obtain the semisolid sizing agent; pouring the semisolid sizing agent on the pretreated steel plates; synchronously feeding the semisolid copper-lead bearing alloys and solid steel plates in to a mill for rolling; spraying water for cooling to obtain the bimetallic composite plate. The invention effectively overcomes the defect of lead segregation in the production of the copper-lead bearing alloys in the prior art, therefore, metallographic structure with fine lead particle and even distribution is obtained. According to mechanical test results, the interfacial shear strength of the copper-lead bearing alloys/steel bimetallic slabs prepared using the process is more than 60Mpa, increased by about 10Mpa.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel composite material preparation process, particularly relates to a kind of semisolid Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling.
Background technology
Pot metal is used for making automobile, tractor, engine, high speed high-horsepower diesel engine bearing widely.Because plumbous solid solubility in copper is very little, plumbous with independent granular being distributed in the copper matrix in the copper-lead tissue, soft plumbous particle is lubricate when friction is stressed, make copper-lead bearing have the advantages that coefficient of friction is little, impurity had conformal performance and embedding plasticity, and copper makes it have high bearing capacity again as hard matrix.In addition, the thermal conductivity height of Pot metal, its mechanical performance temperature influence is not remarkable, fine heat-resisting performance.Therefore the mechanical performance of Pot metal is lower, should not make bearing separately, and can only castingin on steel bushing inwall or steel plate, make bimetallic bearing and use.
Pot metal has two distinguishing features in crystallization process: one is a copper and plumbous solid-state immiscible down, and the metallographic structure of alloy after solidifying fully is the mechanical impurity of Cu+Pb; It two is that the solidification temperature range of alloy is very wide, in crystallization process, differ greatly owing to copper and plumbous fusing point and density on difference be easy to produce gravity segregation.Plumbous segregation is one of topmost casting flaw of Pot metal, and its existence can have a strong impact on the performance of alloy, reduces the service life of bearing.Therefore, alleviating and prevent the segregation of lead, is to improve the Pot metal metallographic structure, improves the important step of mechanical property.In addition, the bond strength of Pot metal and steel backing also is the key factor that influences bearing performance.
Introduce in " metal material fractograph " Chapter 11 the 3rd joint copper base bearing metal, in present industrial production, the main method of making Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel bearing has: horizontal type centrifugal-casting method, static casting and sintering process.The process of horizontal type centrifugal-casting is that the steel bushing fastening that copper alloy liquid is housed is rotated on the rotary main shaft of centrifugal casting machine, and steel bushing jet surface cold water cools off, till the copper alloy in the steel bushing all solidifies.Copper alloy in the steel bushing combines with steel bushing under action of centrifugal force, forms bimetallic bearing.Extremely scabrous problem is exactly plumbous segregation in the horizontal type centrifugal-casting production process, and unstable product quality.Static casting is that steel bushing and iron core are assembled together, and then Pot metal liquid is poured in the gap of steel bushing and iron core, and the water spray cool to room temperature is removed iron core by machined at last, makes bimetallic bearing.The Pot metal of static cast various casting flaws occur through regular meeting, mainly contains plumbous segregation, loose, crackle, pore, shelling and bonding bad etc.The sintering copper-lead bearing normally is layered on the Pot metal powder that is prefabricated on the steel backing, sinters in the sintering furnace with protectiveness and reducing atmosphere that bimetal strip reprocessing manufacturing forms into.The problem that these class bimetallic plates mainly exist has plumbous segregation, and is loose, bonding bad, defective such as is mingled with.And the method is very high to the quality requirement of Pot metal powder.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency in the existing production method, propose a kind of semisolid Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling,, improve the bond strength of Pot metal and steel, obtain the bimetallic plates of function admirable to eliminate plumbous segregation.
The present invention carries out mechanical agitation with melted Pot metal, make semi solid slurry, be cast in then on the pretreated steel plate, and make semi-solid Pot metal and solid-state steel plate enter milling train simultaneously to be rolled, to realize the metallurgical binding at interface under pressure.Then to the cooling of spraying water rapidly of the steel backing of rolling compound bimetallic slab, make lead in the alloy have little time to assemble and grow up, thereby it is tiny to obtain lead button, is evenly distributed, in conjunction with good bimetal strip.
The whole technical process of the present invention comprises steel plate preliminary treatment, semi solid slurry preparation, rolling compound and water spray cooling four steps (referring to Fig. 1):
1) steel plate preliminary treatment
Surface of steel plate is removed rusty scale and remaining grease on the steel plate by mechanical grinding, alkali cleaning and pickling, and then steel plate being placed temperature is 80～100 ℃, and mass percent concentration is 15%～25% borax (Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) boil in the aqueous solution and carried out immersion plating in 1～5 minute, take out the back oven dry, the steel plate preheating of before the cast borax is crossed in immersion plating, preheat temperature is 400～800 ℃, be 10～25 minutes preheating time.
Borax can prevent the oxidation in the steel plate warm, helps improving interface bond strength.It can also promote the counterdiffusion of copper and iron, makes steel plate and alloy in conjunction with firm.
2) semi solid slurry preparation
Kelmet is carried out melting, obtain pure Kelmet liquid, the alloy liquid temp remains on 1150～1250 ℃.After alloy liquid is melted, alloy liquid is put in the stay-warm case together with crucible.Drive graphite rod with small machine alloy liquid is carried out mechanical agitation, be positioned at 930～1050 ℃ when interval, contain a certain amount of solid phase particles in the alloy liquid, be semi-solid state when the Kelmet liquid temp is reduced to.
3) rolling compound
The semisolid Kelmet is cast on the steel plate of preheating, alloy layer thickness is 2～10mm, then semi-solid Kelmet and solid-state steel plate is sent into milling train and is rolled compoundly, and mill speed is 10～50mm/s.
4) water spray cooling
After rolling the finishing rapidly to the cooling of spraying water of the steel backing of bimetallic slab, to guarantee that cooling off direction begins from steel backing.Cooling water temperature is a room temperature, and cooling velocity is 15～50 ℃/s, and it is 100～200 ℃ that cooling stops the back surplus temperature of maintenance bimetallic slab, to reduce the internal stress that produces owing to Quench.
Described Kelmet lead tolerance (percentage by weight) is 10.0～30.0%.For the crystal grain of refinement lead, improve alloy mechanical performance, can in Kelmet, add any the third alloying elements such as sulphur, tin, nickel, manganese, rare earth.
The present invention adopts the mechanical agitation method to obtain the Kelmet semi solid slurry, solves the plumbous segregation problem that traditional handicraft is produced copper-lead bearing effectively; Simultaneously by rolling deformation, eliminated casting flaws such as loose, crackle and pore, bimetallic is compound under pressure, and favourable and the counterdiffusion that promotes copper atom and iron atom have improved interface bond strength, and its characteristics are:
1) adopt the semi-solid rolling complex method effectively to prevent plumbous segregation phenomena, lead button is tiny in the bearing metal tissue, is a bulk, is evenly distributed, and loosens, defectives such as crackle, pore are few, dense structure.
2) Kelmet and steel plate are compound under the effect of roll-force, help promoting the carrying out of copper atom and iron atom counterdiffusion, and bimetallic interface bonding is good, the bond strength height.Semi-solid rolling can effective broken large dendritic crystal, obtains, mechanical performance more tiny than traditional handicraft crystal grain and better organizes.Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of the Pot metal of this technology preparation, and the key component weight percent content of Kelmet is 22%Pb, 1%Sn.As can be known from Fig. 2, plumbous most diameters of black are below 10 μ m, and with tiny point-like, granular being evenly distributed on the copper matrix.
3) be easy to accomplish scale production.The Kelmet semi solid slurry can be cast on the steel band that moves continuously the process for cooling that is rolled subsequently, sprays water, production efficiency height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is steel/Kelmet bimetallic semi-solid rolling combination process block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of the Pot metal of this technology preparation
The specific embodiment
Example 1:
The trade mark of selecting Kelmet for use is CuPb22Sn, and its key component weight percent content is 22.0%Pb, 1.0%Sn, and all the other are Cu.Steel plate is selected the common low carbon steel plate for use, phosphorus content 0.2%, and plate size is length 150mm/ width 100mm/ thickness 5mm.The concrete technology of preparation bimetallic slab is as follows:
1) steel plate preliminary treatment
At first, with the wire brush surface of steel plate of polishing, remove surperficial dirt.After polishing is good, steel plate is put into soak in 80 ℃ the 10%NaOH solution and removed grease in 5 minutes, shake during taking-up, remove however, residual base matter with 60 ℃ of hot water then.Put it in the 10%HCl solution again and eliminate rust, 8 minutes time, surface of steel plate is the silvery white of light.After rinsing well with the clear water acid solution that surface of steel plate is residual, place steel plate 90 ℃ borax solution (concentration is 20%) to boil and carried out immersion plating in 4 minutes, and put into baking oven after the taking-up and dry.Surface of steel plate is glossy gloss, and evenly to be as the criterion.Adopt chamber type electric resistance furnace that steel plate is carried out preheating before the cast, 600 ℃ of preheat temperatures, be 15 minutes preheating time.During preheating, in resistance furnace, put some dry activated carbon powders, treat to put into steel plate again after temperature is elevated to 600 ℃ in the stove.The purpose of putting into activated carbon powder is to reduce the oxidation of steel plate.
2) semi solid slurry preparation
At first graphite crucible is heated to kermesinus, temperature is about 500 ℃, adds red copper then, puts into dry graphite powder as coverture.When intensification melting, smelting temperature reach 1200 ℃ of left and right sides, add the lead of preheating, fully stir short its alloying.After leaving standstill ten minutes, with the deoxidation of 1# zinc (addition be copper liquid gross weight 0.7%), spelter is pressed into copper liquid bottom and swing gently with the graphite bell jar, makes the thoroughly boiling of copper liquid, allow zinc oxide in the copper liquid, cupric oxide etc. impurity is very fast and from copper liquid, float, purify copper liquid.After the deoxidation, add the tin of preheating.Clean with the skimming ladle scarfing cinder, the alloy liquid temp remains on 1200 ℃.After alloy liquid is melted, alloy liquid is put in the ready-made stay-warm case together with crucible.Drive graphite rod with small machine alloy liquid is carried out mechanical agitation,, be lower than the Pot metal liquidus temperature, contain a certain amount of solid phase particles in the alloy liquid, be semi-solid state when the temperature of Pot metal liquid is reduced to 985 ℃.
3) rolling compound
Steel plate takes out from chamber type electric resistance furnace after being preheating to 600 ℃, and the Kelmet semi solid slurry for preparing is cast on the steel plate, and the Pot metal layer thickness is 5mm.Semi-solid Pot metal and solid-state steel plate are sent into milling train to be rolled compound.Mill speed is 50mm/s.Rolling back steel plate thickness remains unchanged substantially, and the Pot metal layer thickness is 3mm.
4) water spray cooling
After rolling the finishing rapidly to the cooling of spraying water of the steel backing of bimetallic slab, to guarantee that cooling off direction begins from steel backing.Water temperature is a room temperature, and cooling rate is 30 ℃/s, stops water spray when bimetallic slab temperature drops to 150 ℃, cools off in air.
Mechanical test results shows that the interface shear strength of the Kelmet for preparing/bimetal copper-steel slab is all more than 60MPa under above technological parameter.The rolling compound bimetallic plates ratio not interface shear strength of rolling mistake has improved about 10MPa.
Example 2:
The selected Kelmet and the composition of steel plate, size are with example 1, and the concrete technology of preparation bimetallic slab is as follows:
1) process is with example 1, but the steel plate preheat temperature is 500 ℃.
2) process is with example 1, but the semisolid Kelmet slurry temperature of preparation is 970 ℃.
3) after steel plate is preheating to 500 ℃, take out from chamber type electric resistance furnace, the Pot metal semi solid slurry for preparing is cast on the steel plate, the Pot metal layer thickness is 8mm.Semi-solid Pot metal and solid-state steel plate are sent into milling train to be rolled compound.Mill speed is 30mm/s.Rolling back steel plate thickness remains unchanged substantially, and the Pot metal layer thickness is 4mm.
4) after rolling the finishing rapidly to the cooling of spraying water of the steel backing of bimetallic slab, to guarantee that cooling off direction begins from steel backing.Water temperature is a room temperature, and cooling rate is 20 ℃/s, stops water spray when bimetallic slab temperature drops to 150 ℃, cools off in air.
Mechanical test results shows that the interface shear strength of the Kelmet for preparing/bimetal copper-steel slab is also all more than 60MPa under above technological parameter.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of semisolid Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling, it is characterized in that, melted Kelmet is carried out mechanical agitation, make semi solid slurry, be cast in then on the pretreated steel plate, again semi-solid Kelmet and solid-state steel plate are entered simultaneously milling train and be rolled compoundly,, make ply-metal the cooling of spraying water of the steel backing of rolling compound bimetallic slab.
2, semisolid Kelmet according to claim 1/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling is characterized in that, weight percent content plumbous in the Kelmet is 10.0～30.0%.
3, semisolid Kelmet according to claim 1/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling, it is characterized in that pretreated steel plate is that surface of steel plate is removed rusty scale and remaining grease on the steel plate by mechanical grinding, alkali cleaning and pickling, then steel plate being placed temperature is 80～100 ℃, and mass percent concentration is 15%～25% borax (Na
2B
4O
710H
2O) boil in the aqueous solution and carried out immersion plating in 1～5 minute, take out the back oven dry, and the steel plate preheating of before cast, immersion plating being crossed borax, preheat temperature is 400～800 ℃.
4, semisolid Kelmet according to claim 1/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling is characterized in that, when mechanical agitation Kelmet liquid, temperature is reduced to and is positioned at 930～1050 ℃ when interval, and Kelmet is semi-solid state.
5, semisolid Kelmet according to claim 1/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling, it is characterized in that, rolling compound be that the semisolid Kelmet is cast on the steel plate of preheating, alloy layer thickness is 2～10mm, then semi-solid Kelmet and solid-state steel plate are sent into milling train and be rolled compoundly, mill speed is 10～50mm/s.
6, semisolid Kelmet according to claim 1/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling, it is characterized in that, water spray cooling is to the cooling of spraying water of the steel backing of rolling compound bimetallic slab, cooling water temperature is a room temperature, cooling velocity is 15～50 ℃/s, and it is 100～200 ℃ that cooling stops the back surplus temperature of maintenance bimetallic slab.
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| CNB200810102527XA CN100553811C (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2008-03-24 | Semisolid Kelmet/bimetal copper-steel composite technique for rolling |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101934364A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-01-05 | 十堰市昊平工贸有限公司 | Production method for steel-based composite high-strength copper alloy guide plate |
| CN102021290A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-20 | 北京交通大学 | Homogeneous post-processing method of steel magnesium bronze 3-3.5 graphite semi-solid composite plate |
| CN102658686A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-09-12 | 赵佳丽 | Copper-steel composite board |
| CN103320671A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-09-25 | 张洋 | Steel lead alloy composite material |
| CN107159868A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-15 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of steel wear-resistant copper alloy composite board, its preparation facilities and preparation method |
| CN108176715A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 燕山大学 | Embedded composite plate blank-making method |
| CN112662901A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 种向东 | Steel plate surface casting copper alloy liquid and preparation process thereof |
| CN112874058A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Copper-steel solid-liquid composite bimetallic material for buildings and preparation method thereof |
| CN113070463A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-06 | 中北大学 | Extrusion casting molding method for cylinder body of bimetal plunger pump |
| CN113441701A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-28 | 上海涟屹轴承科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing and thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing |
| CN116511471A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 东莞市维康汽车电子有限公司 | Preparation method of copper and stainless steel composite metal plate |
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2008
- 2008-03-24 CN CNB200810102527XA patent/CN100553811C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101934364A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-01-05 | 十堰市昊平工贸有限公司 | Production method for steel-based composite high-strength copper alloy guide plate |
| CN102021290A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-20 | 北京交通大学 | Homogeneous post-processing method of steel magnesium bronze 3-3.5 graphite semi-solid composite plate |
| CN102658686A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-09-12 | 赵佳丽 | Copper-steel composite board |
| CN103320671A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-09-25 | 张洋 | Steel lead alloy composite material |
| CN107159868B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-10-01 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of steel-wear-resistant copper alloy composite board, its preparation facilities and preparation method |
| CN107159868A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-15 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of steel wear-resistant copper alloy composite board, its preparation facilities and preparation method |
| CN108176715A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 燕山大学 | Embedded composite plate blank-making method |
| CN112662901A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 种向东 | Steel plate surface casting copper alloy liquid and preparation process thereof |
| CN112874058A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Copper-steel solid-liquid composite bimetallic material for buildings and preparation method thereof |
| CN112874058B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-08-16 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Copper-steel solid-liquid composite bimetallic material for buildings and preparation method thereof |
| CN113070463A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-06 | 中北大学 | Extrusion casting molding method for cylinder body of bimetal plunger pump |
| CN113441701A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-28 | 上海涟屹轴承科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing and thick-wall aluminum-based bimetallic bearing |
| CN116511471A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | 东莞市维康汽车电子有限公司 | Preparation method of copper and stainless steel composite metal plate |
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