CN101242875A - 含有能够促进角膜上皮再形成的粘膜粘附多糖的眼科组合物 - Google Patents
含有能够促进角膜上皮再形成的粘膜粘附多糖的眼科组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101242875A CN101242875A CNA2006800293665A CN200680029366A CN101242875A CN 101242875 A CN101242875 A CN 101242875A CN A2006800293665 A CNA2006800293665 A CN A2006800293665A CN 200680029366 A CN200680029366 A CN 200680029366A CN 101242875 A CN101242875 A CN 101242875A
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- Prior art keywords
- pyrazol
- phenyl
- benzenesulfonamide
- trifluoromethyl
- ophthalmic composition
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Abstract
具有角膜上皮保护活性的含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖的眼科溶液,尤其适合用作刺激角膜损伤恢复的人工泪液,并且特别适用于隐形眼镜使用者,所述眼科溶液在水性溶液中包含1-10重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖及可能的其它辅料,包括张力调节剂、pH校正剂、缓冲剂和防腐剂,但不含苯扎氯铵。本发明的组合物具有实际上可忽略的粘度,但足以粘膜粘附以确保在应用区域较长的保留时间。除了很好的耐受性,上述组合物还具有相当的上皮再生能力。
Description
背景
本发明涉及含有能够促进角膜上皮再形成的粘膜粘附多糖的眼科组合物。更具体地,本发明涉及含有对角膜上皮具有保护作用的阿拉伯半乳聚糖的眼科溶液,特别推荐用作人工泪液,用于刺激角膜病损的恢复,尤其适用于佩戴隐形眼镜的人群。
众所周知,角膜是眼球纤维膜的前侧部分,仅占眼球六分之一,而其它部分由巩膜构成,这两种结构具有连续性并接触。事实上,角膜比巩膜的曲率要小,使其看上去稍微向前突出。由于其独特的透明性和无血管性特征,以及构成完美凹-凸透镜的形状,角膜构成眼睛屈光系统的必要元件。
其凸起的椭圆形前表面的水平直径稍高于垂直直径,因而在这两个方向上具有不同的曲率。这种差异导致生理性散光。后表面为圆形凹面,在所有方向上具有相同的直径和半径。角膜厚度在中心区域约0.5mm到外周区域约0.7mm的范围内。
组织学上来说,角膜由五层组成,从外到内分别是:上皮层、前界层(Bowman membrane)、间质层、后弹性层(Descemet membrane)和内皮层。
角膜依赖其完美的透明性以及与空气接触表面的均一性来实现其光学功能。后一种特征是由于覆盖上皮的泪腺膜(泪液膜)的存在,上皮由于外层中微板网络的存在导致本身粗糙。泪液膜使上皮光滑、均一且光学性能优良。
泪液膜也覆盖球结膜和睑结膜,由三层重叠层组成,从外到内分别是:脂质层、水层和粘膜层。结膜上皮杯形细胞产生的粘蛋白使整个上皮表面变得光滑,使其上的薄膜水性组分能够均匀分布;睑板腺和睑缘腺分泌的脂质层具有防止泪液膜蒸发的作用。
已知透明性是角膜的基本性质。由于该组织完全没有血管,间质的结构特征以及某些控制角膜房水更新与去膨胀(deturgescence)和防止其吸液的特定生理学过程,使上述透明性成为可能,将水合率维持在正常值约78%。
角膜的其它生理学特征包括镜面性(表面上的光反射),该性质与上皮完整性和渗透性有关,其中渗透性是房水更新和/或外源性物质如药物渗透的必需功能。
最后,对各种类型刺激的重要敏感性与膜上广泛的神经分布有关,这种敏感性随着年龄增长以及一些炎性及营养不良-变性改变的存在而降低。
大多数常见的角膜改变代表了炎性、营养不良或变性过程的初始症状,或代表明显的疾病状态。机械创伤性改变包括:角膜擦伤,由于角膜上皮的表层摩擦或是与外源体如金属、玻璃或塑料颗粒、木材或植物残体的接触而产生;裂伤和穿孔,由于物体以特定的力进入眼睛并且穿透一定深度而产生;复发性角膜糜烂,包括角膜上皮层自发性破裂发作或剥落(scaling);弱酸或弱碱、热或紫外辐射导致的灼烧。
以任何方式破坏角膜上皮增加了病原体侵入的风险,可能导致破坏性结果。事实上,结膜是从子宫外生命过程开始的第一刻起即有微生物定居的身体组织之一,并且必须注意到在常驻性微生物如链球菌(草绿色链球菌(St.viridans))、葡萄球菌(表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis),金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus))、嗜血菌、疮疱丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium acnes)中,其中一些具有所有被认为确实是病原体的特征。
结膜生态系统是一种倾向于平衡的生物学活性系统,并且一直保持这种状态直到组织、微生物或环境因素破坏这种平衡,而使结膜环境成为有利于微生物或有利于宿主的地带。组织因素取决于结膜组织的组织学结构以及构成泪腺膜的分泌:这些因素在各种细菌、病毒和霉菌引起的角膜感染的发病机制中共同作为原因。它们能够侵入角膜组织,尤其在角膜损伤的情况下,导致甚至非常严重且残疾性的角膜炎,引起角膜溃疡。细菌性角膜炎的特征是,急性疼痛、上皮溃疡,有时是角膜间质溃疡以及结膜分泌物。这种类型的眼科病损的病原体包括:金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、肺炎链球菌(St.pneumoniae)、铜绿假单胞菌(Ps.aerugi-nosa)、柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter)、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)、肠细菌(Enterobacter)。龟分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium chelonei)和偶发分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium fortuitum)也可导致慢性角膜溃疡性病损。对于霉菌类病原体,真菌性角膜炎主要由在角膜上皮病损上定居的丝状腐生性霉菌和酵母引起的。最后,棘阿米巴属(Acanthamoeba)引起的角膜炎是由该寄生虫导致的慢性角膜炎的罕见形式,甚至可能威胁视力,其特征是在早先患有溃疡的对象中角膜间质的环形多病灶化脓。
导致组织破坏或物质损失的所有角膜改变(无论是创伤性、炎性或是变性性质的)都通过生理学机制快速修复,这种机制部分地不同于其它组织的机制,因为角膜中没有血管。治愈过程受到损伤特征的影响,在脓毒性溃疡的存在下必然更加严重,常常从上皮区域开始,不仅限于该层的浅表损伤,而且影响了薄壁组织区域。就是说,间质损伤的治愈过程中存在上皮相互作用,表现为用于调节后续胶原再生现象的发展所必需的“上皮盖”的形成。
还由于该区域中细胞元件的有丝分裂活性,纯粹的上皮伤口或擦伤能够快速恢复。实际上,创伤时,表面细胞剥落的生理学机制暂时中断,未受损的相邻细胞转移并迁移至受损部位。一旦完全覆盖缺损部位,中断机制即终止,上皮组织的再生确保了正常结构特征的恢复。
如果改变的是上皮,其完全恢复保证了完美的膜镜面性和透明性的恢复。
角膜擦伤的特殊且常见的原因是隐形眼镜。擦伤原因可能涉及不同的生理学、毒性或机械类因素,具体地说,隐形眼镜导致角膜擦伤的原因包括其使用过程、插入和取出困难、镜片-角膜关系的问题、破损的镜片或者镜片下截留的外来物质。这些擦伤可能来自硬质和软性镜片,但在硬质镜片的使用者中更常见。对500位软性隐形眼镜的使用者进行的研究表明,三分之一的使用者眼部出现相当严重的问题,可导致感染,几乎50%的使用者至少一只眼睛中出现轻度损伤征兆(R.J.Derick等,CLAOJ.,1989 Oct-Dec;15(4):268-70)。
因此,角膜擦伤问题可能影响任何人,但毫无疑问隐形眼镜可导致角膜摩擦,这就增加了发生的可能性:隐形眼镜使用者发生角膜损伤的可能性是非隐形眼镜使用者的三倍。
使用隐形眼镜还可引起一系列其它问题,包括干扰角膜上皮正常氧供应或病理学状态,例如巨乳头性结膜炎或角膜血管化作用,或者更常见的干眼综合征。干眼综合征也称为“干眼”或干燥性角膜结膜炎,是一种泪液质和量降低引起的病症。该病的典型症状是眼睛刺激和发热、砂粒或异物感、畏光、疼痛和视力模糊。长期可能出现损伤视力的溃疡。
为了治疗干眼或缓解其相关症状,引入了许多人工泪液制剂,周期性地滴加在角膜上(或结膜穹窿中),以提供泪液替代品和缓解眼睛干涩感。为了增加在角膜表面的保留时间并具有良好的耐受性,通常在这些制剂中加入高分子量的试剂以增加粘稠性,这些高分子量的试剂通常是合成、半合成或天然来源的水溶性聚合物。为实现高的角膜前保留时间,泪液替代品必须尽可能地接近粘蛋白分散体的性质,即必须尽可能类似粘膜模拟物质,基于上述假设,优选基于天然来源的大分子化合物,例如纤维素衍生物(特别是纤维素酯如羧甲基纤维素,和纤维素醚的醇衍生物如羟丙基甲基纤维素)、糖胺聚糖(特别是透明质酸、许多人和动物组织和体液中存在的多糖,广泛地应用于眼科制剂中)、具有合适的流变学性质的多糖(例如从罗望子胶提取的多糖,TSP)的组合物。
此外,为了能够呈现角膜表面所需的润滑性质,这些泪液替代品常常具有一定的粘度(在优选的溶液中,即使当产品在剪切力作用下(例如眨眼的情况下)所述粘度显著降低时),可能导致视力模糊并且在角膜或眼睑边缘留下残留。
在上述与隐形眼镜的使用有关的问题中,尤其重要的是,可能的用作泪液替代品的产品除了具有很好的耐受性和对眼睛无刺激性之外,还应具有低粘度,从而不会模糊视力或在眼镜和眼睑边缘上留下残留。同样重要的是,该产品能够确保角膜上皮完整性并防止与隐形眼镜间的任何不良相互作用和/或反应。
根据本发明,发现含有特定天然多糖聚合物即阿拉伯半乳聚糖的眼科溶液被配制成实际粘度可以忽略,其具有足够的粘膜粘附性以避免在短时间内从角膜表面被清除,同时具有很好的耐受性,并具有促进上皮再形成的显著能力。事实上,在与本发明有关的研究中发现,将这些组合物施加在上皮受损的眼睛上之后能够加速恢复。因此,可与隐形眼镜联用的所述组合物能够刺激可能出现的角膜擦伤治愈,防止上皮损伤及任何并发症的加剧。如上所述,使该产品具有新颖性和理想性质的另一重要特征在于,虽然产品具有合适的粘膜粘附性,却不会改变水性溶液的粘度,因而在佩戴或没有佩戴隐形眼镜的对象中都不会妨碍视力。同时,粘膜粘附性使产品与眼睛粘膜内皮结膜和角膜表面间形成各种类型的键,这些键使产品能够在眼前区域中保留更久,因而能够实现产品具有的上皮再形成和水合活性作用。
含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖作为角膜表面润滑聚合物的用作人工泪液的眼科溶液已在美国专利4039662中公开(Hecht等,转让给爱尔康实验室有限公司(Alcon Labo-ratories Inc.))。然而,在该制剂中,并没有突出或阐明多糖的上皮再形成性质,最重要的是,其使用的条件是制剂中必需存在苯扎氯铵。事实上,根据该专利的描述,加入苯扎氯铵(一种在眼科组合物中用作抗微生物剂的物质)是所述制剂的关键元素,因为该专利认为该化合物与多糖结合或与多糖形成复合物是产品以被吸附状态保留在角膜表面的原因,从而实现其角膜前薄膜稳定剂的作用。与上述观察结果相一致,所述文献提出了基于阿拉伯半乳聚糖且含有苯扎氯铵作为必需成分的眼科溶液。
另一方面,根据本发明框架内进行的研究,阿拉伯半乳聚糖显示的角膜表面的上皮再形成和保护性质以及使其能够在角膜前薄膜上保留较长时间的粘膜粘附性,即使没有任何显著性粘度的存在,这些性质也不以苯扎氯铵共存为条件。因此,本发明含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖的上皮再形成组合物不需要苯扎氯铵的存在,因为如果组合物中需要加入防腐剂的话,可以使用适合用作该目的的许多其它产品。
已知阿拉伯半乳聚糖是一种长链、密集分支的多糖,分子量约为10,000到120,000道尔顿之间,中心结构由吡喃半乳糖单元链组成。天然存在于多种微生物系统中,尤其是分枝杆菌,在其中它们与肽聚糖和分枝菌酸复合形成细胞壁。许多食用和非食用植物富含阿拉伯半乳聚糖,主要是糖蛋白形式。许多已知具有免疫刺激性的草药,如紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea)、赝靛(Baptisia tintoria)和北美香柏(Thuja occidentalis),含有显著量的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。红杉(Larex)属植物的木质组织尤其富含阿拉伯半乳聚糖,特别是北美落叶松(Larex occidentalis),以及中亚落叶松(Larex dahurica)(来自中亚),例如欧洲落叶松(Larex dicidua)(欧洲)和日本落叶松(Larex leptolepis)(日本)。实际上,落叶松属木材是最常见的阿拉伯半乳聚糖工业来源,由此来源提取的多糖不仅可用于工业目的(例如化妆品工业),而且(最重要地)可用于食品工业,作为富含纤维的饮食和营养成分,用于饮料,也作为免疫调节剂。
因此,本发明具体提供了一种用作泪液替代品的具有角膜保护活性和上皮再生活性的眼科组合物,该组合物的水性溶液中包含1-10重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖,其特征在于不含苯扎氯铵。具体地说,适用于本发明目的的阿拉伯半乳聚糖的最合适的浓度是,所述水性溶液中含有3-5重量%的多糖。
根据本发明的优选实施方式,所述组合物中采用的阿拉伯半乳聚糖是来自药学上可接受级别的落叶松属植物的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。具体地说,本发明制剂中优选使用的阿拉伯半乳聚糖(阿拉伯半乳聚糖CAS#9036-66-2)是商品名为FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0001" file="A20068002936600081.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG、由LAREXinline="no"/>="if0002" file="A20068002936600082.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>公司(Cohasset,Mn,美国)根据美国专利5756098生产的。该阿拉伯半乳聚糖是白色细粉的形式(分子量=45k道尔顿),可分散但不能完全溶解的冷水中。
所有从落叶松属植物分离的阿拉伯半乳聚糖是少氮多糖。三分之一的分子由(1→3)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖型(galactopyranan)主链组成,而其余部分则由各个半乳糖单元(1→6)位置中结合的侧链基团构成,其大小从单糖到寡糖不等。侧链基团的分布并不均匀。通常,侧链基团是二糖β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp或β-L-Arap-(1→3)-α-L-Araf。较少地是单体β-D-Galp或单体α-L-Araf。半乳糖和阿拉伯糖单元的摩尔比约为6∶1。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖的形态学研究表明,该聚合物具有较大的构象自由度并可采取许多独特的形状,但主链通常具有刚性三元螺旋结构,而侧链基团则形成具有许多暴露的羟基的柔性支链(R.Chandrasekaran,S.Janaswamy,2002,Carbohydrate Research)。认为这就是聚合物具有粘膜粘附性的原因,使得聚合物能够与眼睛粘蛋白分子间形成氢键。
根据本发明某些具体的实施方式,眼科组合物除阿拉伯半乳聚糖外,还含有一种或多种张力调节剂,赋予溶液所需的渗量值。由于所述眼科溶液相对于泪液等张或稍微低渗,张力调节剂在组合物中存在的量使得溶液的渗量在150到300mOsm/L之间。优选地,所述一种或多种张力调节剂选自:甘露醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、葡萄糖、硼酸和山梨糖醇。
由于阿拉伯半乳聚糖在各种pH值下缓冲的水性溶液中都稳定,因此类似于药学领域已知的常识,可加入的其它成分包括一种或多种眼科学上可接受的酸或碱作为pH校正剂,和/或一种或多种缓冲剂。具体地说,可用的缓冲剂选自:磷酸盐缓冲剂、硼酸盐缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、碳酸氢盐缓冲剂、氨基丁三醇(trizma)缓冲剂(三-羟甲基-氨合甲烷)。而且,本发明组合物中也可使用其它缓冲系统。
如果产品尚未包装成单剂量形式,组合物还可包含防腐剂和抗微生物剂,但不含苯扎氯铵。具体地说,与该产品相容的可能的防腐剂包括:硫柳汞钠或硫柳汞、硝酸苯汞或乙酸苯汞、苯乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、醋酸洗必泰或葡糖酸和三氯叔丁醇。
最后,需要时,含阿拉伯半乳聚糖的本发明组合物中还可加入螯合剂如乙二胺四乙酸盐或EDTA。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明还提供了水性溶液中含有1-10重量%,优选3-5重量%阿拉伯半乳聚糖的眼科溶液在制备具有角膜保护活性和上皮再生活性的眼科组合物中的应用。如上所述,所述眼科组合物的制剂毫无疑问可排除使用苯扎氯铵。
更具体地说,根据本发明的内容使用阿拉伯半乳聚糖得到的眼科组合物是适用于隐形眼镜使用者的泪液替代品。根据某些具体的实施方式,所述眼科组合物是适用于治疗角膜结膜损伤和炎症的泪液替代品。对于后一种情况,可能更具体的是更适于治疗使用隐形眼镜导致的角膜擦伤的眼科组合物。
根据本发明具有角膜保护活性和上皮再生活性的适合用作泪液替代品的含阿拉伯半乳聚糖的组合物的一些例子如下所述,这些例子是非限制性的。
组合物1
阿拉伯半乳聚糖 2%w/w
甘露醇 适量到300mOsmol/kg
磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4 适量到100%w/w
组合物2
阿拉伯半乳聚糖 3%w/w
甘露醇 适量到300mOsmol/kg
去离子 水适量到100%w/w
组合物3
阿拉伯半乳聚糖 6%w/w
NaCl 适量到300mOsmol/kg
去离子水 适量到100%w/w
组合物4
阿拉伯半乳聚糖 2%w/w
甘露醇 适量到300mOsmol/kg
硝酸苯汞 0.002%w/w
磷酸盐缓冲液pH 5.9 适量到100%w/w
组合物5
阿拉伯半乳聚糖 5%w/w
NaCl 适量到300mOsmol/kg
硫柳汞钠 0.008%w/w
去离子水 适量到100%w/w
在上述组合物的制备过程中,将一定量精确称重的聚合物分散到去离子水或磷酸盐缓冲液中,保持搅拌直到完全溶解。溶液中加入适当量的其它辅料(甘露醇、NaCl和/或防腐剂),继续搅拌直到完全溶解。
由此获得组合物通过过滤通过0.22微米滤膜进行灭菌。
参考下述具体实施方式,以及这些实施方式的实验结果和与现有技术的比较数据,本发明的具体特征及其优点将更加明显,其中,所述具体实施方式仅仅是示例性的目的。一些实验结果在附图中显示,其中:
图1显示了根据本发明水性溶液中含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖的组合物的粘度随多糖粘度变化而变化;
图2显示了通过测定阿拉伯半乳聚糖的荧光衍生物来评价本发明含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖的溶液角膜前保留时间的趋势;
图3显示了用硫酸阿托品(AS)处理以实验性诱导干眼的兔子中进行希尔曼I试验(Schirmer I)获得的结果;所述兔子的一个眼睛中同时给予本发明含阿拉伯半乳聚糖的组合物(AG-Sol),作为治疗组;
图4显示了用荧光素测定,在图3相同的兔子中进行裂隙灯观察的的角膜上皮改变试验的结果的柱状图;
图5显示了在兔子中实验性诱导角膜损伤,然后用本发明组合物(AG)处理或者作为对照,用罗望子胶糖(TSP)或用透明质酸(HA)处理后的恢复试验结果;
图6和6a显示了在两个细节水平上,如图5试验中所述实验性诱导角膜损伤后的恢复试验结果,对本发明组合物(AG-Sol)和含有苯扎氯铵的类似溶液(AG-Bz)进行了比较;以及
图7显示了与本发明含有阿拉伯半乳聚糖的溶液(AG-Sol)、或者还含有苯扎氯铵的类似溶液(AG-Bz)接触后,以细胞存活率表示的细胞毒性试验的结果。
粘度测定
阿拉伯半乳糖溶液(FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0003" file="A20068002936600111.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG,来自LAREXinline="no"/>="if0004" file="A20068002936600112.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>,Cohasset,Mn,美国),后文中称为AG,采用各种浓度(0.2、0.5、0.8、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10重量%)进行粘度测试,使用带有共轴圆柱测定体(Z40和Z41)的Rheostress RS150(Haake)旋转粘度计,在25℃恒温下进行。溶液的粘度值在图1中显示。
得到速度梯度值0到200sec-1之间的流变图,由图可见,采用Rheowin软件通过数学处理评价了剪切力(τ)与速度梯度(γ)之间的关系。发现,AG产品的溶液具有牛顿流变学行为并且没有触变性。
AG溶液的牛顿学行为是由于其无粘度,这对于应用于佩戴隐形眼镜的眼的溶液来说是所需的性质,使液体穿透进入镜片与角膜间的空间而不会导致视力模糊。
粘膜粘附试验
1.固体基质上的粘膜粘附试验
通过测定分离其间设置有待测样品的两个粘膜表面所需的力来评价本发明阿拉伯半乳聚糖(FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0005" file="A20068002936600121.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG,Larexinline="no"/>="if0006" file="A20068002936600122.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>)的粘膜粘附性。粘膜表面由吸附在滤纸上的25%猪胃粘蛋白(TCI,东京)水性分散体组成(Saettone等,1989,Int.J.Pharm.,51:203-212)。
所用设备包括:测微计,移动平台以及能够记录分开两个表面(待测样品和粘膜层)所需的力作为伸长的函数的计算机系统(软件TP 5008,TP工程公司(TiePieEngineering),Leeuwarden,荷兰)。
测定13mm直径和1mm厚度的由试验多糖聚合物构成的固体基质的粘附功,该固体基质是通过将适当量的聚合物材料在3,000kg/cm2的压力下通过液压机(PE公司(Perkin-Elmer))的方式压制制备的。
将所得结果与用相同方法制备的相同尺寸的TS-多糖(TSP)(文献中已知具有粘膜粘附性)固体基质测定的粘附功进行比较。所得结果如下表所示。
表1
试验聚合物的粘附功(均值±S.E.(标准误差),n=20)
2.粘蛋白-聚合物粘附键强度的流变学评价
为了更详细地检测阿拉伯半乳聚糖(AG)的粘膜粘附性,采用Saettone等(Saettone等,1994,Journal of Ocular Pharmacology,10:83-92)以及Hassan和Gallo(Hassan,Gallo,1990,Pharm.Res.,7:491-495)的方法,该方法包括测定加入聚合物后粘蛋白分散体中引起的粘度变化。根据该方法,通过方程ηb=ηt-ηm-ηp计算生物粘附的粘度分量ηb,方程中ηt、ηm和ηp分别是系统、粘蛋白和聚合物各自的粘度系数。然后根据方程Δη/η=ηb/ηp标准化ηb的值。
接着,在含有以下成分的水性溶液中测定粘蛋白-聚合物相互作用导致的粘度变化:i)仅15%的粘蛋白(ηm);ii)AG和其它聚合物,以其各自的有效浓度用作对照(ηp);iii)粘蛋白-聚合物混合物,在前述相同的浓度下(ηt)。
所用组合物是:
1.15%w/w的猪胃粘蛋白(MGS;TCI,东京)的水性溶液;
2.5%w/w AG的水性溶液(FiberAidAG,LAREXinline="no"/>="if0009" file="A20068002936600132.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>);
3.0.5%w/w TSP的水性溶液(Farmigea,Pisa);
4.0.2%w/w透明质酸的水性溶液(Chemofin,Milano);
5.15%w/w粘蛋白和5%w/w的AG的水性溶液;
6.15%w/w粘蛋白和0.5%w/w的TSP的水性溶液;
7.15%w/w粘蛋白和0.2%w/w的透明质酸的水性溶液。
采用带有共轴圆柱测定体(Z40和Z41)的Rheostress RS 150(Haake)旋转粘度计在32℃的恒定温度下测定粘度。得到速度梯度值0和500sec-1之间的流变图。
聚合物溶液显示牛顿学行为,通过Rheowin软件进行的数学处理,使用所得图表来评价剪切力(τ)与速度梯度(用γ或D表示)间的线性关系。
透明质酸、粘蛋白以及粘蛋白-聚合物分散体显示假塑性行为。用Rheowin软件进行所得图表的数学关联分析:τ=aDb。选择某一D值然后由各个方程获得τ值(D=200s-1),计算牛顿学制剂的粘度和假塑性制剂的表观粘度。
所有组合物的粘度值如下表2所示,聚合物参数Δη/η的值则在表3中示出。
表2
试验组合物的粘度
组合物 | MGS(%w/w) | AG(%w/w) | TSP(%w/w) | 透明质酸(%w/w) | η(mPa·s) |
1 | 15.0 | - | - | - | 47.98 |
2 | - | 5.0 | - | - | 1.38 |
3 | - | - | 0.5 | - | 9.16 |
4 | - | - | - | 0.2 | 24.40 |
5 | 15.0 | 5.0 | - | - | 73.10 |
6 | 15.0 | - | 0.5 | - | 190.41 |
7 | 15.0 | - | - | 0.2 | 145.97 |
表3
试验组合物的Δη/η
组合物 | MGS(%w/w) | AG(%w/w) | TSP(%w/w) | 透明质酸(%w/w) | Δη/η |
5 | 15.0 | 5.0 | - | - | 17.21 |
6 | 15.0 | - | 0.5 | - | 14.55 |
7 | 15.0 | - | - | 0.2 | 3.02 |
由表可见,5%w/w AG的水性溶液(1.38mPa·s)比作为对照的聚合物的粘度(TSP是9.16mPa·s,HA是24.40mPa·s)要低得多,同时AG的标准化值Δη/η和TSP值相同量级。这就表明,AG能够与覆盖眼睛结膜和角膜表面的粘膜形成各种类型的相互作用。因此,虽然是不会模糊视线且不会干扰隐形眼镜的使用的非粘性聚合物,AG建立了使产品在角膜前区域保持较长时间的相互作用,从而提供角膜表面延长的保护和水合作用。
隐形眼镜-聚合物相互作用的研究
为了评价隐形眼镜与试验聚合物的相互作用的程度,制备阿拉伯半乳聚糖的荧光衍生物(FITC-AG),如下所述。
将精确称重的1克阿拉伯半乳聚糖(FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0010" file="A20068002936600141.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG,Larexinline="no"/>="if0011" file="A20068002936600142.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>)溶解在10毫升含有几滴吡啶的二甲亚砜中。在该溶液中加入0.1克异硫氰酸荧光素(西格玛公司(Sigma-Aldrich),德国),再加入20毫克二月桂酸二丁基锡(西格玛公司(Sigma-Aldrich),德国)。将所得混合物在95℃下加热2小时。沉淀并用乙醇洗涤去除未反应物之后,过滤FITC-AG并在80℃下干燥(A.N.de Belder和K.Granath,1973,Carbohydrate Reswarch,30:375-378)。
试验中使用的以下溶液用去离子水制备:
1.5%w/w的FITC-AG;
2.0.0223%w/w荧光素钠(SF)(西格玛公司,圣路易斯,美国)。
选择SF溶液的浓度,使其具有与5%w/w FITC-AG溶液相同的荧光。使用软性日戴隐形眼镜(Focus Dailiesinline="no"/>="if0012" file="A20068002936600151.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>,Ciba Vision,德国)进行测定。
将隐形眼镜浸入1毫升不含蛋白质的人工泪液中,其中已加入50微升5%w/w的FITC-AG溶液或0.0223%w/w的SF,静置30分钟。然后将眼镜浸入100毫升人工泪液中15分钟并用磁力搅拌器缓慢搅拌,进行洗涤。然后用伍德(Wood)灯在365nm下观察经处理的眼镜,并与对照未处理隐形眼镜进行比较。
所有眼镜都没有可见的荧光痕迹,说明在所用条件下AG聚合物不会滞留在眼镜表面。
人工泪液含有以下组合物(表示为100毫升去离子水中的毫克数):MgCl24.75;CaCl2 7.97;KHCO3 260.00;NaCl 754.00(Burgalassi等,1999)。
蕨样结晶试验(Ferning test)
泪腺液体最内层由粘液糖蛋白构成,粘液糖蛋白在正常状态下由结膜杯形细胞产生。粘液最重要的生理学特征之一是,在室温下蒸发时以蕨样形式结晶的能力。
泪粘液结晶的各个方面可得到泪腺膜稳定性条件的有用指标,分为以下四种类型:
I型:蕨样结晶以均一方式存在,各蕨叶间无任何间隙。蕨叶大且致密分枝。
II型:蕨叶形式的结晶仍然丰富,但各蕨叶尺寸较小且分枝没有那么广泛。蕨叶间存在可见间隙。
III型:蕨样结晶以局部方式存在,蕨叶小且分枝少。蕨叶间存在较大间隙。
IV型:没有蕨样结晶,存在代表混合有剥落细胞的变性粘液物质的丝状体或聚集体。
上两种类型的蕨样结晶是粘液层和泪腺膜良好状态下正常眼睛的典型情况。III型似乎是一种过渡,表示粘液在维持其完整性和功能中的困难状态。IV型表示泪腺液粘液组分的显著改变。
所有以相当于I型和II型的蕨叶形式结晶的眼科溶液在结构上类似于结膜杯形细胞产生的粘液糖蛋白。
因此,进行蕨样结晶试验来评价AG以类似于眼睛表面上存在的粘液的特征结晶的能力。试验包括:使前述制备的10微升2.5%w/w AG溶液和2微升人工泪液组成的混合物在显微镜载玻片上室温下(25±1℃)蒸发24小时。
搅拌下,将适当量的聚合物(FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0013" file="A20068002936600161.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG,Larexinline="no"/>="if0014" file="A20068002936600162.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>)分散到去离子水中,制备2.5%AG溶液。蒸发后,用10倍放大物镜通过偏振光RJ微星(Reichert-Jung Mi-crostar)显微镜观察剩余物。
AG溶液的结晶产生非常类似于人类泪液所得的蕨样分枝结构。所得结果支持以下假设,同时流变学相互作用作用也证明了,即试验聚合物相当于眼睛粘液的糖蛋白结构。因此假定,当由于病理学原因导致粘液组分缺乏时可以用所述聚合物代替天然粘液组分。
生物学试验
1.评价角膜前保留时间
本试验采用阿拉伯半乳聚糖的荧光衍生物(FITC-AG),在隐形眼镜-聚合物相互作用试验部分中已描述该荧光衍生物的制备。
通过荧光分析确定FITC-AG在生物学样品中的含量。设备包括带有合适的集成软件的Shimadzu RF-551荧光检测仪。激发波长490nm,发射波长514nm处进行检测。
试验在重2-2.5公斤的新西兰白兔中进行。将50微升5%w/w的水性组合物FITC-AG给予白兔下结膜囊。滴加后在合适的时间间隔(1、3、5、10、20、30、45和60分钟),通过微毛细管的方式(Microcaps,Drummond Scientific,NJ,美国)从下结膜囊边缘部分收集泪液样品(1.0微升),避免与角膜上皮的任何接触。将泪液样品转移到埃喷道夫(Eppendorf)测定管中,然后用50微升水稀释后进行荧光分析。
附图2显示了泪液中FITC-AG的荧光随时间降低的百分比,1分钟后的产品荧光作为100%。给药后10分钟的荧光常常较高,20分钟后降低,60分钟后仍然可察觉到荧光,说明AG在角膜前区域的保留时间较长。
2.干眼综合征的诱导与治疗
本试验采用阿拉伯半乳聚糖(FiberAidinline="no"/>="if0015" file="A20068002936600171.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>AG,Larexinline="no"/>="if0016" file="A20068002936600172.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>)的水溶液,后文中称为AG-Sol,AG浓度5%w/w,加入适当量的甘露醇(4.41%w/w)使其等张,且pH为6.46。
为了制备AG-Sol组合物,将一定量精确称重的聚合物分散到去离子水(Milli-Q,Millipore)中,在磁力搅拌器的搅拌下,将所得溶液在80℃下加热30分钟。冷却后,加入甘露醇。
所得溶液在层流通风厨中过滤通过0.22微米除菌滤器(MS公司(Minisart Sar-torius))并包装到玻璃小瓶中。
为了评价阿拉伯半乳聚糖对流泪的作用,在角膜上皮损伤与干眼综合征有关的情况下,进行体内试验。
采用重2-2.5公斤的新西兰白兔进行试验。
将一滴1.0%硫酸阿托品(AS)的水溶液滴加到动物两眼中,每天3次(上午9点、下午1点和5点)持续5天,以减少泪产生和诱导干眼(S.Burgalassi等,1999,Ophthalm.Res.,31,229-235)。每次给予AS 5分钟后,将50微升含阿拉伯半乳聚糖的AG-Sol组合物滴加到右眼中。
动物在0时刻(处理前)和处理开始后第2、第3、第4、第5天进行希尔曼I试验(Schirmer I)。试验中每天一次测定泪液分泌量。每次给予溶液(AS和AG-Sol)之前,将吸滤纸条(AI公司(Alfa Intes))置于兔子每只眼睛的下结膜穹隆中进行测定。测定泪液沿吸滤纸条的增长,以毫米表示。将仅用硫酸阿托品处理的眼睛获得的值与用本发明阿拉伯半乳聚糖溶液处理的眼睛所获得的值进行比较。
在没有进行药物处理的对照动物组中测定泪液分泌基值。
所得结果如附图3所示。图中表明,AG-Sol溶液具有对抗干眼发作的保护作用。
而且,开始处理后的第3、第4和第5天,用10微升1%w/w的荧光素水溶液染色角膜之后,通过用配备有蓝色滤光片的裂隙灯观察,评价干眼导致的角膜上皮改变程度。在上皮改变的情况下,观察到角膜表面颜色区域:荧光阳性眼睛(fluopositive eye)。
下表4记录了所得结果,全部经处理眼睛中荧光阳性眼睛的百分比。同一结果如附图4所示,图4用柱状图的形式比较了用AG-Sol溶液处理后荧光阳性眼睛的百分比与仅用AS处理的对照动物中荧光阳性眼睛的百分比。
表4
裂隙灯观察所得的结果
由表4和图4所示的结果可知,在未处理眼睛中荧光阳性百分比随天数增加而增加,在处理第5天几乎到达60%,而在用AG-Sol溶液处理的眼睛中,荧光阳性百分比在第4天和第5天之间保持恒定,值要低得多,约为17%。
3.上皮再生能力的评价
下述试验评价了给予以下组合物之后,兔子角膜上形成的损伤的恢复时间:
1.AG-Sol水性溶液(5%AG,4.41%甘露醇);
2.0.04%TS-多糖(TSP)的水性溶液;
3.0.00144%透明质酸(HA)的水性溶液。
必须指出,由于本发明产品的目的是提供泪液补充剂,该泪液补充剂不像基于多糖的现有技术的人工泪液那样粘稠而尤其适用于隐形眼镜使用者,因此选择含有TSP和HA的对照溶液2)和3)的浓度,使其具有与AG-Sol溶液相同的流变学行为(即牛顿流体)和相同的粘度。
在重2-2.5公斤的新西兰白兔中进行试验。肌内注射(0.15ml/kg)Zoletil 100inline="no"/>="if0018" file="A20068002936600182.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>(Laboratories Virdac,法国)麻醉动物,用开睑器保持眼睛开启,在表面上滴加10微升盐酸丁氧普鲁卡因(Novesinainline="no"/>="if0019" file="A20068002936600183.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>,MiPharm,意大利)进行麻醉。
为了引起角膜损伤,将浸渍有10微升正庚醇的直径6毫米微生物纸盘置于角膜中央区域60秒。除去纸盘后,用1毫升生理溶液彻底冲洗眼睛表面(Burgalassi等,2000,Eur.J.Ophthalmol.,10,71-76)。
在0时刻(除去浸渍的纸和冲洗后立即)和产生损伤后3、7、18、24、27、29、31、34、41、44、48和51小时,用10微升1%w/w荧光钠的水溶液染色眼睛表面,并通过特殊的测微计测量损伤直径。
处理组动物的受伤眼睛中接受100微升试验溶液,每天5次(上午9点、11点、下午1点、3点和5点)。
一组角膜受损动物任其自然治愈,用作对照组。
附图5以图表显示了角膜损伤动物组随时间的恢复趋势。数据以损伤面积的减少百分比表示,0时刻时的面积作为100%。相同的数据以数字形式记录在下表5中。
由上表及图5可知,从给予组合物后27小时开始,仅本发明组合物AG-Sol具有与对照值相比显著不同的恢复速率。事实上,当AG-Sol在开始处理后27、29、31、34和41小时呈现统计学显著性差异的同时,其它组合物中只有TSP在29小时后具有显著性差异。
4.存在苯扎氯铵的情况下评价上皮再生能力
本试验评价了给予以下组合物之后,兔子角膜上产生的损伤的恢复时间:
1)AG-Sol水性溶液(5%AG,4.41%甘露醇)。
2)AG-Bz水性溶液(5%AG,4.00%甘露醇,0.01%苯扎氯铵)。
在重2-2.5公斤的新西兰白兔中进行试验。肌内注射(0.15ml/kg)Zoletil 100inline="no"/>="if0021" file="A20068002936600211.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>(Laboratories Virdac,法国)麻醉动物,用开睑器保持眼睛开启,在表面上滴加10微升盐酸丁氧普鲁卡因(Novesinainline="no"/>="if0022" file="A20068002936600212.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>,MiPharm,意大利)进行麻醉。
为了引起角膜损伤,将浸渍有10微升正庚醇的直径6毫米微生物纸盘置于角膜中央区域60秒。除去纸盘后,用1毫升生理溶液彻底冲洗眼睛表面(Burgalassi等,2000,Eur.J.Ophthalmol.,10,71-76)。
在0时刻(除去浸渍的纸和冲洗后立即)和产生损伤后3、7、18、24、27、29、31、34、41、44、48和51小时,用10微升1%w/w荧光钠的水溶液染色眼睛表面,并通过特殊的测微计测量损伤直径。
处理组动物的受伤眼睛中接受100微升试验溶液,每天5次(上午9点、11点、下午1点、3点和5点)。
一组角膜受损动物任其自然治愈,用作对照组。
图6和6a用图表显示了在两个不同的具体区域,角膜损伤动物组随时间的恢复趋势。数据以损伤面积的减少百分比表示,0时刻时的面积作为100%。
注意到苯扎氯铵的存在减慢了AG的恢复速率:用AG-Bz组合物处理的动物完全恢复在51小时后,而用AG-Sol处理的动物早在44小时后即恢复。这就是在保护角膜的组合物中同时采用两种产品有害的原因。
经过处理的角膜的组织学评价
为了评价上皮再生过程(除了提供实验性诱导损伤的完全治愈之外)是否还能产生上皮细胞的适当分层以重建天然角膜结构,进行了组织学分析。
将产生角膜损伤后24小时、完全恢复后(上皮上不再能检测到荧光素时)和恢复后1周收集的样品固定在10%低聚甲醛溶液的0.1M pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液中。然后,用缓冲液多次洗涤样品12小时,在一系列浓度增加的乙醇溶液中脱水,并在4℃下包埋入用于光学显微镜的特殊树脂中(JB-4,包埋试剂盒,聚合科学有限公司(Polysciences Inc.))。将包埋的样品进行切片,Nissl染色,然后显微镜下观察。
产生损伤后24小时,生理学修补机制是明显的,因为存在相邻整合上皮细胞向受损区域的转移和迁移,而形成单层。但是,只有在完全恢复时,当细胞表面剥落的生理学机制的中断停止并且小区域完全覆盖和上皮细胞再生确保正常结构特征的恢复时,上皮才能重建天然厚度(角膜中央区域55-60微米)和分层结构。恢复后1周保持不变的情况表明再生过程不完全。
产生角膜损伤后进行处理,采用上文生物学试验部分3中描述的相同产品进行,根据所采用的产品,导致损伤恢复时间降低到不同的程度。这就产生了以下假设:所用聚合物对修复机制具有不同作用。因此,需要研究上皮再生过程,从而强调组织形态学方面的任何差异。
为此,采用上述损伤诱导过程并用上述聚合物组合物处理,重复上皮再生能力评价方法(部分3,生物学试验)。刚好在角膜损伤完全恢复之前,即当所用设备不能再检测到损伤但眼睛表面上的荧光素俘获仍然可见时,处死动物。
用上述相同方法对经过处理的角膜样品进行组织学分析,并分别测定重建上皮的厚度。
每次离开再生边缘相同的距离进行测定,突出了各种处理后上皮再生厚度的差异。事实上,获得以下结果:
-未处理对照(自发恢复),6微米;
-用AG-Sol(5%AG,4.41%甘露醇)处理的样品,18微米;
-用0.5%TS-多糖处理的样品,18微米;
-用0.2%透明质酸处理的样品,12微米。
这些结果表明,要重建缺损区域的上皮在所有观察的区域中都尚未形成生理学厚度,即使是用AG-Sol和TS-多糖组合物处理的样品,其厚度显著大于自发恢复的对照组,也没能形成生理学厚度。
各个图片(未示出)的观察还突出了检测的角膜样品之间的形态学多样性。事实上,在检测的四种情况下,新生上皮的排列存在显著性差异:
■来自对照眼睛的样品仍然没能形成很好的组织结构,几乎没有或没有分层。
■用AG-Sol组合物处理的上皮在组织排列方面非常类似于天然上皮。
■用TS-多糖处理的样品显示分层差的新生组织,虽然上皮厚度与用AG-Sol处理的样品相同;实际上,常常是一些尺寸较大的细胞,比正常细胞要大得多。
■最后,用HA处理产生新生上皮的不连续分层,即使所得最终厚度较低。
这些结果引出以下结论:用含AG的组合物处理之后角膜损伤恢复速率较快是因为,所述产品能够刺激上皮细胞再生。上皮细胞较强的复制能力导致组织较早分层,从而实现更多的细胞以覆盖缺损区域。
细胞毒性研究
评价了仅含AG以及存在苯扎氯铵(Bz)的溶液的细胞毒性。在杜尔贝科改良的伊格尔培养基(Dulbecco’s modifified Eagles medium)(DMEM,西格玛化学品公司(Sigma Chemical Co.),圣路易斯,Mo,美国)中直接制备聚合物母液(1.AG 5%w/w;2.AG 5%w/w+Bz 0.01%w/w)。用DMEM以1∶2、1∶5、1∶10、1∶100和1∶1000稀释该溶液。
所用细胞株由兔角膜上皮细胞组成(RCE SV40转化,N.95081046,ECACC,G.B.)。用重组逆转录病毒SV-40感染原代培养的兔角膜上皮细胞,得到RCE细胞系。该细胞具有上皮细胞的典型扁平形态和分层能力,并且形成桥粒和微绒毛。
细胞生长培养基是富含Ham营养混合液F12(1∶1)、L-谷氨酰胺(1%v/v,2mM)、青霉素(100UI/ml)、链霉素(0.1mg/ml)、两性霉素B(0.25μg/ml)、加热灭活胎牛血清(15%v/v)(吉布科公司(Gibco),英国)、胰岛素(5μg/ml)、表皮生长因子(10ng/ml)(西格玛化学品公司,圣路易斯,Mo,美国)的杜尔贝科改良的伊格尔培养基(DMEM,西格玛化学品公司,圣路易斯,Mo,美国)。将细胞在37℃、5%CO2的潮湿饱和大气中培养。
采用市售细胞增殖试剂WST-1(Roche Diagnosticsinline="no"/>="if0023" file="A20068002936600231.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>S.p.A.,Monza),通过比色法评价试验溶液对RCE细胞的毒性程度。该试验基于经线粒体活性,四唑盐WST-1分裂成可溶性有色化合物(甲)。由于转化仅在活细胞中发生,产生的甲的量与活细胞数量直接相关。
将RCE细胞以5×103细胞/孔的浓度接种到96-孔培养板中(Corning Costarinline="no"/>="if0026" file="A20068002936600234.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>意大利,米兰)。24小时后,90%汇合,去除生长培养液并用试验溶液(100微升溶液)代替培养液。接触60分钟之后(37℃,含5%CO2的潮湿大气中),除去反应介质并用DMEM F12洗涤细胞两次;然后在每孔中加入100微升新鲜生长培养液和10微升WST-1试剂。再次培养细胞2小时(37℃,5%CO2的潮湿大气中),轻轻震摇培养板9秒;450nm处采用合适的分光光度计(Microtiter reader 550inline="no"/>="if0027" file="A20068002936600241.GIF" wi="0" he="0" img-content="drawing" img-format="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"/>,BR实验室公司(Bio-Rad Laboratories),Hercules,CA)测定培养液吸光度。通过一系列预试验确定与WST-1试剂的最佳孵育时间。
分光光度计读数相对于没有细胞、仅含有培养液和WST-1(分别为100和10微升)的混合物的“空白”孔进行。根据以下公式,将结果表示为处理孔(Abstr)相对于未处理孔(对照,Absc)的百分吸光度,所述未处理孔含有没有药物、仅用培养液处理的细胞:
结果如图7所示,其中细胞存活率表示为当细胞用仅含有AG或AG+Bz混合液的溶液处理时,相对于AG对数浓度的百分比。AG在所有试验浓度下没有任何细胞毒性。Bz的加入导致毒性增加,尤其是在较高的浓度下。因此,苯扎氯铵的存在涉及显著的细胞毒性,此外,如体内试验所示,苯扎氯铵还能降低AG的上皮再生活性。
参照某些具体实施方式描述了本发明,但应理解本领域技术人员能够进行各种改变或改进而不背离本发明的范围。
PCT条约第19条修改声明
ISA认为原权利要求1-13符合专利性要求。
认为从属的第二个医疗应用权利要求14不清楚且缺乏新颖性和创造性。
清楚(PCT第6条)
根据ISA的审查意见,将原权利要求14改为“在泪液膜替代品”中的应用而不是原来的药理学活性。
新颖性(PCT第33条第2款)与创造性(PCT第33条第3款)修改原权利要求14,加入原权利要求15的特征。认为权利要求15符合新颖性和创造性的要求。基于新的权利要求14修改其余权利要求16-19(现重新编号为15-18),因而具有新颖性和创造性。
应对说明书第6页第25-38行进行小的改动,以使说明书与修改的权利要求书相一致。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种具有保护性和上皮再生活性的用作泪液替代品的眼科组合物,所述组合物在水性溶液中包含1-10重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖,其特征在于,不含苯扎氯铵。
2.如权利要求1所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物在水性溶液中包含3-5重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述阿拉伯半乳聚糖是药学上可接受级别的落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的眼科组合物,还包含一种或多种张力调节剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种张力调节剂在所述水性溶液中存在的量能使溶液的渗量在150到300mOsm/L之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种张力调节剂选自:甘露醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、葡萄糖、硼酸和山梨糖醇。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的酸或碱作为pH校正剂。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种缓冲剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述缓冲剂选自:磷酸盐缓冲剂、硼酸盐缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、碳酸氢盐缓冲剂、氨基丁三醇缓冲剂(三-羟甲基-氨合甲烷)。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含除苯扎氯铵外的一种或多种防腐剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述防腐剂选自:硫柳汞钠或硫柳汞、硝酸苯汞或乙酸苯汞、苯乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、醋酸洗必泰或葡糖酸和三氯叔丁醇。
12.如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种螯合剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述螯合剂是EDTA。
14.在水性溶液中含有1-10重量%阿拉伯半乳聚糖并且不含苯扎氯铵的眼科溶液在制备泪液替代品中的应用。
15.如权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科溶液含有3-5重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物是推荐用于隐形眼镜使用者的泪液替代品。
17.如权利要求14-16中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物是用于治疗角膜-结膜损伤和炎症的泪液替代品。
18.如权利要求17所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物适用于治疗使用隐形眼镜导致的角膜擦伤。
Claims (19)
1. 一种具有保护和上皮再生活性的用作泪液替代品的眼科组合物,所述组合物在水性溶液中包含1-10重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖,其特征在于,不含苯扎氯铵。
2. 如权利要求1所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物在水性溶液中包含3-5重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述阿拉伯半乳聚糖是药学上可接受级别的落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述还包含一种或多种张力调节剂。
5. 如权利要求4所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种张力调节剂在所述水性溶液中存在的量能使溶液的渗量在150到300mOsm/L之间。
6. 如权利要求5所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述一种或多种张力调节剂选自:甘露醇、氯化钠、氯化钾、葡萄糖、硼酸和山梨糖醇。
7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的酸或碱作为pH校正剂。
8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种缓冲剂。
9. 如权利要求8所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述缓冲剂选自:磷酸盐缓冲剂、硼酸盐缓冲剂、柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、碳酸氢盐缓冲剂、氨基丁三醇缓冲剂(三-羟甲基-氨合甲烷)。
10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含除苯扎氯铵外的一种或多种防腐剂。
11. 如权利要求10所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述防腐剂选自:硫柳汞钠或硫柳汞、硝酸苯汞或乙酸苯汞、苯乙醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、醋酸洗必泰或葡糖酸和三氯叔丁醇。
12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的眼科组合物,所述组合物还包含一种或多种螯合剂。
13. 如权利要求12所述的眼科组合物,其特征在于,所述螯合剂是EDTA。
14. 在水性溶液中含有1-10重量%阿拉伯半乳聚糖的眼科溶液在制备具有角膜保护和上皮再生活性的眼科组合物中的应用。
15. 如权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于,所述溶液不含苯扎氯铵。
16. 如权利要求14或15所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科溶液含有3-5重量%的阿拉伯半乳聚糖。
17. 如权利要求14-16中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物是推荐用于隐形眼镜使用者的泪液替代品。
18. 如权利要求14-17中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物是用于治疗角膜-结膜损伤和炎症的泪液替代品。
19. 如权利要求18所述的应用,其特征在于,所述眼科组合物适用于治疗使用隐形眼镜导致的角膜擦伤。
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IT1393402B1 (it) * | 2008-08-28 | 2012-04-20 | Sooft Italia Spa | Uso di enhancer eventualmente con riboflavina, nonche' relative composizioni oftalmiche per cross-linking corneale del cheratocono o di altre patologie ectasiche corneali |
US9327037B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2016-05-03 | The Johns Hopkins University | Mucus penetrating gene carriers |
CA2863632C (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2017-07-11 | The Johns Hopkins University | Nanoparticle formulations with enhanced mucosal penetration |
US10335500B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2019-07-02 | The Johns Hopkins University | Highly stable biodegradable gene vector platforms for overcoming biological barriers |
US20180098937A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-12 | Ps Therapies Ltd | Artificial tear, contact lens and drug vehicle compositions and methods of use thereof |
IT201900018929A1 (it) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Md Italy Srl | “composizione ed uso di una soluzione oftalmica a base di acido ialuronico ed arabinogalattano” |
US20240252429A1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2024-08-01 | Ocumedic, Inc. | Extended-wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses and uses thereof |
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US5756098A (en) | 1995-12-12 | 1998-05-26 | The University Of Montana | Methods for the extraction of phytochemicals from fibrous plants in the absence of solvent |
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BRPI0614998A2 (pt) | 2011-04-26 |
RU2008109212A (ru) | 2009-09-20 |
JP5301271B2 (ja) | 2013-09-25 |
CA2618871A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
EP1912707B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
ES2586688T3 (es) | 2016-10-18 |
WO2007020671A2 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
WO2007020671A3 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
SMAP200800015A (it) | 2008-03-05 |
EP1912707A2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
RU2013129222A (ru) | 2015-01-10 |
WO2007020671B1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
AU2006281042A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
JP2009504635A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
CA2618871C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
SI1912707T1 (sl) | 2016-09-30 |
WO2007020671A8 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
ITRM20050443A1 (it) | 2007-02-13 |
AU2006281042B2 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US20100160252A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
IL189336A0 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
US8664197B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
SMP200800015B (it) | 2008-03-05 |
KR20080037686A (ko) | 2008-04-30 |
RU2493854C2 (ru) | 2013-09-27 |
ZA200801395B (en) | 2009-09-30 |
DK1912707T3 (en) | 2016-08-29 |
IL189336A (en) | 2015-09-24 |
RU2663449C2 (ru) | 2018-08-06 |
CN105816476A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
KR101377303B1 (ko) | 2014-03-27 |
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