CN101242027A - Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round - Google Patents
Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a directional coupler feed low-profile cavity-backed circularly polarized antenna. The common cavity-backed circularly polarized antenna has complicated structure and large volume and can be planely integrated. In the invention two surfaces of the medium substrate is plated with metal layers, the upper metal layer is etched for the feed microstrip line, the branch line directional coupler with a microstrip form and the co-ground coplanar waveguide transmission line, a plurality of plated-through holes which are arranged to a square are arranged penetrating the upper metal layer, the medium substrate and the lower metal layer, the cavity is formed and the coplanar waveguide transmission line extends into the cavity. The lower metal layer is etched with two elongated radiating gap which are perpendicular to each other. Comparing with the existing cavity-backed circularly polarized antenna the invention adopts the 3dB directional coupler with 90 degree phase shift as the feed network, on the base of reserving the high grin character of the cavity-backed circularly polarized antenna, and the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is evidently increased. The whole structure can be manufactured with the PCB technique and the cost is low, the structure can be integrated with plane circuit seamlessly and the integrity is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave technical field, relate to a kind of polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round that constitutes based on substrate integrated waveguide technology, can be used as the antenna of radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end, be widely used in wireless communication systems such as mobile communication, satellite communication, radar, be used to solve the polarization mismatch problem that Faraday electromagnetism rotation effect etc. causes, can also play the effect that misty rain disturbs and anti-multipath reflects that suppresses simultaneously.
Background technology
As the critical component of communication system, antenna is widely used in the radio communication occasion.Because the Faraday rotation effect of radio wave propagation in the space, and the uncertainty of the reception antenna position in the mobile communication, if adopt traditional single-polarized antenna, need the dual-mode antenna Polarization match to aim at and to realize reception preferably as Transmit-Receive Unit.And the constant amplitude rotating field that circular polarized antenna radiates can be decomposed into two quadrature linear polarization ripples that the amplitude equal phase differs 90 degree, is widely used in the problem that solves polarization mismatch in the radio communication.Simultaneously because the rotation direction of circularly polarised wave when inciding symmetrical target reverses characteristic, circular polarized antenna is applied to mobile communication, satellite communication field and also plays and suppress that misty rain disturbs and the effect of anti-multipath reflection.Therefore design high performance circular polarized antenna and not only can avoid polarization mismatch and obtain good reception, can greatly alleviate the index pressure of follow-up radio circuit simultaneously, significantly improve the performance of system, the cost of reduction system.Have the wireless communications application occasion of strict restriction especially in satellite communication, radio-frequency (RF) identification equal-volume weight, the high-performance circular polarized antenna that design has low profile is even more important.
The implementation of circular polarized antenna is varied, comprises several forms such as micro-strip paster antenna, microstrip gap slot antenna, Waveguide slot slot antenna, back-cavity circularly polarized antenna and helical antenna.The circular polarized antenna of little band forms has the easily conformal advantage of low profile, is most widely used.Its feeding classification mainly contains slit coupling feed and coaxial waveguide feed dual mode, and wherein coupling feed in slit mainly adopts multi-layer PCB technology to realize, the high and technology of price is not very stable for domestic technology.Though and the coaxial feed mode is simple, it can not be seamless integrated with planar circuit, causes volume bigger.Waveguide slot fluting circular polarized antenna is applicable to the array antenna application, and single radiating element volume is little, forms the array volume compact, it is narrow that array antenna has main lobe width, directional diagram can figuration, the low good characteristic that waits of cross polarization level, and it is medium to be widely used in the microwave and millimeter wave radar communications system.But the antenna volume that is based on the conventional metals guide technology is big, and the processing technology complexity is with high costs, has limited being extensive use of of it; Back-cavity circularly polarized antenna generally is to be made of the additional metallic cavity in the feed of realizing on the planar substrates, radiating element and the back side, the gain height of this antenna, and directionality is good, but same processed complex cost height, volume is big.Propose on substrate, to press the mode of engaged column bars to constitute cavity body structure in order to address these problems people such as Sievenpiper, coaxially in place it is carried out feed and form back-cavity circularly polarized antenna thereby adopt simultaneously.This implementation and former back-cavity circularly polarized antenna specific volume mutually reduce greatly, but its processing cost is still higher, and be equally can't the plane integrated; In the middle of used in the space that helical antenna is mainly used in earth station and satellite link, it had advantages such as gain is high, axial ratio is low, axial ratio bandwidth is big, but its 3 D stereo spiral radiation structures shape its have shortcomings such as volume is greatly can't the plane integrated.The present Research of comprehensive circular polarized antenna at present still needs to study the high-performance circular polarized antenna that the new construction of adopting new technology is realized low-cost low profile as can be known.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round that constitutes based on substrate integrated waveguide technology, this novel circular polarized antenna radiance is good, and gain is high, profile is low, but seamless flat surface is integrated, and is simple in structure, be easy to design, be easy to processing, cost is low.This circular polarized antenna is compared the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth with traditional single-point feedback rear cavity round polarization antenna and is enlarged markedly, and its volume reduces greatly, and manufacturing cost significantly reduces.
Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round of the present invention comprises dielectric substrate, and the two sides of dielectric substrate is coated with metal level, is respectively to go up metal level and lower metal layer, and wherein lower metal layer is as the stratum; Last metal level etching is useful on branch line directional coupler and two coplanar waveguide transmission lines of the microstrip line of feed, little band forms, two coplanar waveguide transmission lines all adopt common ground coplanar waveguide structure, metal band stretches out respectively in the middle of it, link to each other with two outputs of branch line directional coupler as microstrip line, constitute the amplitude equal phase and differ 90 degree two point feeding networks; Run through metal level, dielectric substrate and lower metal layer and have through hole, through-hole wall is coated with metal, forms plated-through hole; A plurality of plated-through hole sequence arrangement are square, form foursquare substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and the pitch of holes of the adjacent metal through hole on each limit of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave is identical; Two coplanar waveguide transmission lines are stretched in the substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave by adjacent two jiaos of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and the center line of the intermetallic metal band of two coplanar waveguide transmission lines overlaps with two diagonal of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave respectively; Etching has the strip radiating slot that two width are identical and intersect vertically in the zone of the corresponding substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave of lower metal layer, article two, radiating slot is parallel with two of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave vertical limits respectively, article two, the crosspoint of radiating slot overlaps with the center of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and all with the crosspoint as central point.
The diameter of described plated-through hole less than the centre frequency of antenna work corresponding air wavelength 1/10th, the diameter of plated-through hole and substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave with the ratio of the hole heart distance of last adjacent two plated-through holes on one side greater than 0.5.
Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round of the present invention is to have the back-cavity circularly polarized antenna that the 90 microstrip branch line directional couplers of spending phase shifts form for substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave structure feed by employing on common dielectric substrate.90 degree phase shift microstrip branch line directional couplers can improve the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of back-cavity circularly polarized antenna significantly as the duplex feeding structure in the circular polarized antenna.The cavity body structure that adopts the substrate integrated waveguide technology manufacturing to be equivalent to traditional closed wire chamber can greatly reduce the volume of back-cavity circularly polarized antenna.With traditional cavity-backed radiator antenna need accurate machining different be that this new antenna can adopt common PCB technology to make, cost of manufacture significantly reduces, and can realize seamless integrated with planar circuit.
Structurally, substrate is the dielectric substrate with double-sided metallic, to be interval with a series of metal through holes uniformly, forms the square substrates integral waveguide cavity that is equivalent to the conventional metals cavity on dielectric substrate.The metal level etching is used for 90 degree phase shift 3dB branch line directional couplers of the little band forms of feed on double-sided metallic, is transformed into coplanar waveguide structure then electromagnetic wave is introduced the square substrates integral waveguide cavity.Etching has two strip slits that intersect vertically in the corresponding substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave of the lower metal layer zone of double-sided metallic, can the electromagnetic radiation energy.
Concrete operation principle: electromagnetic wave is given square substrates integral waveguide cavity two point feed via coplanar waveguide transmission line again by the 3dB microstrip branch line directional coupler with 90 degree phase shifts, because cavity is the two-dimensional symmetric structure, each distributing point can encourage in corresponding two mutually orthogonal second order degeneracy modes of resonance.Therefore phase phasic difference 90 degree can excite two degenerate modes and transform mutually when different phase places simultaneously because the amplitude of two distributing point feeds equates.Thereby can go out energy emission the antenna that form by two mutual vertical clearance gap this moment.The electromagnetic phase difference that the size of adjusting cavity and the length difference in two slits can radiate mutually orthogonal mode of resonance in the frequency of needs is adjusted into 90 degree, thereby makes the electromagnetic wave that radiate form circular polarization.
Beneficial effect: the polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round that constitutes based on substrate integrated waveguide technology has the following advantages:
A. this novel back-cavity circularly polarized antenna has adopted the 90 degree phase shift 3dB branch line directional couplers that constitute based on micro-band technique to give back-cavity circularly polarized antenna two point feed, greatly improve the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of this novel back-cavity circularly polarized antenna, therefore also increased substantially the utilized bandwidth of back-cavity circularly polarized antenna.
B. this novel back-cavity circularly polarized antenna adopts substrate integrated waveguide technology to realize carrying on the back cavity configuration on dielectric substrate, has kept the good radiation characteristic of traditional metal backing cavity circularly polarized antenna high-gain etc.Simultaneously entire antenna comprises that cavity body structure and feeding network can realize on same single-layer medium substrate, not only makes antenna volume reduce greatly, and entire antenna can be seamless integrated with system complete plane, improved the integrated level of system.
C. this novel back-cavity circularly polarized antenna is simple in structure, only needs to design separately respectively as requested 90 degree phase shift 3dB microstrip branch line directional coupler and co-planar waveguide double-fed back-cavity circularly polarized antennas in the design process, combines then to finely tune to get final product.The length of side of the square substrates integral waveguide cavity that only needs to regulate the length of the length of coupling minor matters line in the microstrip branch line directional coupler and width, radiating slot and be made of metal throuth hole in design process just can obtain needed performance.Structural parameters are few, the time that has shortened design greatly and optimized.
D. this novel back-cavity circularly polarized antenna is made simple and convenient, just can realize with common PCB technology.Compare with the precision machined cavity-backed radiator antenna of traditional needs, manufacturing speed is fast, and is with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the metal-layer structure schematic diagram of going up of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a lower metal layer structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the return loss emulation of one embodiment of the invention and the comparison diagram of test result;
Fig. 6 is the emulation testing result's of the axial ratio of one embodiment of the invention and gain a comparison diagram;
Fig. 7 is the test result figure of one embodiment of the invention antenna pattern when 9.87GHz;
Fig. 8 is the test result figure of one embodiment of the invention antenna pattern when 9.93GHz.
Embodiment
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round comprises that thickness is 0.5 millimeter Rogers5880 dielectric substrate 1, the two sides of dielectric substrate 1 is coated with metal level, is respectively to go up metal level 7 and lower metal layer 8, and wherein lower metal layer 8 is as the stratum.As Fig. 3, last metal level 7 etchings are useful on the branch line directional coupler 3 (the dotted ellipse frame comprises part) and the coplanar waveguide transmission line 4 (dashed rectangle comprises part) of the microstrip line 2 of feed, little band forms, coplanar waveguide transmission line 4 is common ground coplanar waveguide structures, metal band stretches out in the middle of it, links to each other with two outputs of branch line directional coupler 3 as microstrip line 2.The width of 50 ohm microstrip is 1.45 millimeters, the width of two air gaps of coplanar waveguide transmission line 4 be 0.7 millimeter, length is 6.2 millimeters, the length and the width of 35.4 ohm of coupling minor matters lines of microstrip branch line directional coupler 3 are respectively 6.8 millimeters and 2.4 millimeters, and the distance of two 35.4 ohm of coupling minor matters lines is 6.8 millimeters.Running through metal level 7, dielectric substrate 1 and lower metal layer 8, to have diameter be 1 millimeter through hole, and through-hole wall is coated with metal, forms plated-through hole 5.A plurality of plated-through hole 5 sequence arrangement are that the length of side is 16.8 millimeters a square, form foursquare substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and the pitch of holes of the plated-through hole 5 on each limit of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave is identical, are 1.5 millimeters.Coplanar waveguide transmission line 4 stretches in the substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and its top is apart from 6.6 millimeters at the center of cavity, and the center line of intermetallic metal band overlaps with the diagonal of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave.As Fig. 4, etching has width to be all two strip radiating slots 6 that intersect vertically that 1 mm length is respectively 11.7 millimeters and 11.5 millimeters in the zone of lower metal layer 8 corresponding substrate integrated wave-guide cavity waves, radiating slot 6 respectively with two vertical edges of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave along parallel, the friendship of radiating slot 6 justice point overlaps with the center of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and all with the crosspoint as central point.
The concrete structure geometric parameter is as follows:
L wherein
MsAnd W
MsBe respectively the length and the width of feed input 50 ohm microstrip, L
CiAnd L
CoBe respectively the length of branch line directional coupler straight-arm input and output 50 ohm microstrip, G
McBe the interval between two 50 ohm microstrip of branch line directional coupler, L
McAnd W
StubBe respectively the length and the width of 35.4 ohm of couplings of branch line directional coupler minor matters line, L
CcBe the length from 50 ohm microstrip of branch line directional coupler output arc transition, L
TrBe the length from the arc transition end to 50 ohm microstrip the co-planar waveguide transitioning end, L
CmBe the microstrip line length from 50 ohm microstrip phase co-planar waveguide transition, L
CpwAnd g
CpwBe respectively the length and the width in co-planar waveguide slit, L
S1, L
S2And W
sBe respectively two the not length and the width of isometric radiating slot, L
cBe the length of side of square substrates integral waveguide cavity, d
cBe the distance between coplanar waveguide transmission line top and the cavity center, d is a through-hole diameter, d
pBe the hole heart distance of through hole, h is a substrate thickness.
The concrete manufacture process of this common face wave guide single-point feedback rear cavity round polarization antenna is: the substrate of at first choosing corresponding parameter, metal level etches the microstrip line that is used for feed on substrate, microstrip branch line directional coupler and coplanar waveguide transmission line, two suitable of position etchings are used for the slit that intersects vertically of emittance on the lower metal layer of substrate then, beat a series of metal through holes around two slits that intersect vertically with uniform interval at last on whole substrate, formation overlaps with center, two slits, the square substrates integral waveguide cavity that the edge is in parallel respectively.Select suitable aperture and pitch of holes, avoid the cavity self-energy outwards to reveal.The back-cavity circularly polarized antenna of this plane double-fed has kept on the radiation characteristic basis of high-gain of conventional metals back-cavity circularly polarized antenna and has greatly improved its 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of operation.Select the size of the radiating slot and the square substrate integral waveguide cavity of suitable size, the operating frequency that can regulate this antenna easily.Entire antenna can be fully seamless integrated with system fully by common PCB technology realization.
Fig. 5 is the test result of this circular polarized antenna performance to Fig. 8.Fig. 5 emulation testing result shows this antenna emittance effectively in centre frequency is the working band of 9.93GHz.Fig. 6 emulation testing result shows that all this antenna 3dB axial ratio bandwidth in the observation frequency band surpasses 400MHz, and gain is up to 6.2dBi in the bandwidth of operation of return loss-10dB.No matter the directional diagram test result surface of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 this antenna in working frequency range is presenting good right-handed circular polarization radiation characteristic, and gain is high, and directionality is good, and cross polarization level is low.
Claims (2)
1. polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round comprises dielectric substrate, it is characterized in that: the two sides of dielectric substrate is coated with metal level, is respectively to go up metal level and lower metal layer, and wherein lower metal layer is as the stratum; Last metal level etching is useful on branch line directional coupler and two coplanar waveguide transmission lines of the microstrip line of feed, little band forms, two coplanar waveguide transmission lines all adopt common ground coplanar waveguide structure, metal band stretches out respectively in the middle of it, link to each other with two outputs of branch line directional coupler as microstrip line, constitute the amplitude equal phase and differ 90 degree two point feeding networks; Run through metal level, dielectric substrate and lower metal layer and have through hole, through-hole wall is coated with metal, forms plated-through hole; A plurality of plated-through hole sequence arrangement are square, form foursquare substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and the pitch of holes of the adjacent metal through hole on each limit of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave is identical; Two coplanar waveguide transmission lines are stretched in the substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave by adjacent two jiaos of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and the center line of the intermetallic metal band of two coplanar waveguide transmission lines overlaps with two diagonal of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave respectively; Etching has the strip radiating slot that two width are identical and intersect vertically in the zone of the corresponding substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave of lower metal layer, article two, radiating slot is parallel with two of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave vertical limits respectively, article two, the crosspoint of radiating slot overlaps with the center of substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave, and all with the crosspoint as central point.
2. polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round as claimed in claim 1, the diameter that it is characterized in that described plated-through hole less than the centre frequency of antenna work corresponding air wavelength 1/10th, the diameter of plated-through hole and substrate integrated wave-guide cavity wave with the ratio of the hole heart distance of last adjacent two plated-through holes on one side greater than 0.5.
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| CN2007101568252A CN101242027B (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2007-11-12 | Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round |
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| CN2007101568252A CN101242027B (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2007-11-12 | Polarization antenna for directional coupler feedback low profile back cavity round |
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| CN101242027B CN101242027B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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| US11145983B1 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-10-12 | National Chiao Tung University | Substrate-integrated-waveguide-fed cavity-backed dual-polarized patch antenna |
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