CN111786114B - Millimeter wave circular polarized antenna based on differential feed - Google Patents
Millimeter wave circular polarized antenna based on differential feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111786114B CN111786114B CN202010682859.0A CN202010682859A CN111786114B CN 111786114 B CN111786114 B CN 111786114B CN 202010682859 A CN202010682859 A CN 202010682859A CN 111786114 B CN111786114 B CN 111786114B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
- H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feed, which belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and comprises a metal cover plate, a microstrip patch, an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a strip-shaped differential feed line pair and a circularly polarized radiator; the metal cover plate, the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the circularly polarized radiator is arranged on the metal cover plate in a penetrating mode, the strip-shaped differential feeder line pair is arranged on the lower dielectric substrate, and the microstrip patch is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate. The invention adopts a differential feed mode, arranges the radiation arm similar to a dipole antenna, matches with the rectangular slot and the rectangular microstrip patch, and utilizes the circularly polarized radiator with a special shape structure to radiate signals, so that the antenna has the excellent performances of wide impedance bandwidth, wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable directional diagram and easy integration with a system, and is worthy of popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feed.
Background
With the development of science and technology, millimeter wave frequency bands are receiving more and more attention. Due to the advantages of wide absolute bandwidth, short wavelength, special atmospheric propagation characteristic and the like, the method has great potential in future communication, radar and other systems. Meanwhile, the differential signal operation is more suitable for high-level integration of the system, the anti-interference capability of the system is improved, the higher harmonic interference of the system is reduced, the dynamic range of the system is improved, the system adopting differential signal operation can be directly connected with a back-end system if an antenna adopts a differential feed mode, so that the use of huge lossy balun is eliminated, and the noise receiving performance and the transmitting power efficiency are improved. On the other hand, compared with linear polarization, the circularly polarized antenna can provide more potential channel capacity, and circularly polarized signals are beneficial to restraining multipath interference and restraining weather influences such as rain, fog and the like.
Most of the existing circular polarization feed modes are non-differential feed, and waveguide feed, coaxial feed, single-end feed and the like are common and are not easy to integrate systems. Moreover, because the physical size of the millimeter wave antenna is relatively small, the difficulty in designing, processing and the like severely limits the implementation approaches of the circularly polarized antenna. Therefore, it is very challenging to design a circular polarized antenna that can meet the performance requirement of the system and is easy to integrate with the system. Therefore, a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to enable the circularly polarized antenna to meet the performance requirement of a system and be easy to integrate with the system provides a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feed.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme that the microstrip patch antenna comprises a metal cover plate, a microstrip patch, an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a banded differential feeder pair and a circularly polarized radiator;
the metal cover plate, the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the circularly polarized radiator is arranged on the metal cover plate in a penetrating mode, the strip-shaped differential feeder line pair is arranged on the lower dielectric substrate, and the microstrip patch is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate;
the circularly polarized radiator is of a tubular structure and comprises an alternating section, the bottom caliber of the alternating section is circular, the intersection of the circular and rectangular intersection with the coincident geometric centers is taken along the bottom upward caliber shape, and the circular size of the upper caliber shape of the alternating section gradually increases on the basis of the circular size of the bottom caliber shape.
Furthermore, the circle center of the upper caliber-shaped circle and the circle center of the bottom caliber-shaped circle are on the same straight line.
Furthermore, the circularly polarized radiator further comprises a transition section, the top of the transition section is connected with the bottom of the alternating section, and the bottom of the transition section and the bottom of the alternating section are both circular in caliber shape with the same size.
Furthermore, the part of the dielectric of the upper dielectric substrate along the length direction of the strip-shaped differential feeder pair is cut, and the width of the part of the dielectric is the same as that of the metal cover plate.
Furthermore, a first metal film is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, two rectangular holes are formed in the first metal film, and the two rectangular holes are located below the circularly polarized radiator.
Furthermore, the two rectangular holes are symmetrically arranged, and the intersection point of the connecting line of the middle points of the long sides of the two rectangular holes and the symmetry axis and the circle center at the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
Furthermore, the included angle after the long edge of the rectangular hole is intersected with the long edge of the bottom surface of the metal cover plate in a translation mode is 45 degrees or 0 degrees.
Furthermore, a second metal film is arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, a circular hole is formed in the second metal film, and the circular hole is located below the circularly polarized radiator.
Furthermore, the circle center of the circular hole and the circle center of the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
Furthermore, the geometric center of the microstrip patch and the circle center of the circle at the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
Furthermore, the microstrip patch is a rectangular microstrip patch, and the included angle formed after the long edge of the rectangular microstrip patch is horizontally moved and intersected with the long edge of the bottom surface of the metal cover plate is 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the strip-shaped differential feeder line pair comprises two metal strip lines arranged in parallel, a radiation arm is arranged at the tail end of each metal strip line, the metal strip lines and the radiation arms are integrally formed, an included angle between the radiation arms of the two metal strip lines is 180 degrees, and the included angle between the radiation arms and the long edge of the rectangular hole is 90 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the millimeter wave circular polarization antenna based on differential feed adopts a differential feed mode, is provided with a radiation arm similar to a dipole antenna, is matched with a rectangular gap and a rectangular microstrip patch, and radiates signals by virtue of a circular polarization radiator with a special shape and structure, so that the antenna has the excellent performances of wide impedance bandwidth, wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable directional diagram and easiness in system integration, and is worthy of popularization and use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a circularly polarized antenna in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a strip-shaped differential feed line pair according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transceiver arrays in the same plane in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting-receiving area array in the same plane in the third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an exploded view of a circularly polarized antenna in a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a strip-shaped differential feeder pair according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: a millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feed mainly comprises a metal cover plate 101, a microstrip patch 104, an upper dielectric substrate 105, a middle-layer prepreg 107, a strip-shaped differential feed line pair 108 and a lower dielectric substrate 109.
The lower surface of the lower layer medium substrate 109 is printed with a metal film, and the upper surface is printed with a banded differential feeder pair 108; the metal cover plate 101 is internally provided with a circular polarization radiator 102, and the circular polarization radiator 102 is a hollow metal tubular structure with the caliber gradually increasing from bottom to top.
Part of the medium of the upper dielectric substrate 105 along the length direction of the strip-shaped differential feeder pairs 108 is cut to meet the chip integration requirement; a metal film is printed on the lower surface of the upper-layer medium substrate 105, and two rectangular gaps 106 are formed in the metal film; a metal film is printed on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 105, a circular gap 103 is formed in the metal film, a rectangular micro-strip patch 104 is arranged in the center of the circular gap, and a plurality of metal through holes 110 are formed in the periphery of the circular gap.
The middle layer prepreg 107 is used for adhering the lower layer dielectric substrate 109 and the upper layer dielectric substrate 105.
The size of the lower dielectric substrate 109 is consistent with that of the metal cover plate 101; the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 109 is printed with a metal film, and the upper surface is printed with a strip-shaped differential feeder pair 108.
The pair of strip differential feed lines 108 comprises two metal strip lines arranged in parallel; the tail ends of the strip-shaped differential feed line pairs 108 are bent and then opened for 180 degrees to form radiating arms similar to dipole antennas, and the radiating arms are used for realizing coupling feed of the rectangular slots 106; the long edge of the radiation arm and the long edge of the rectangular slot 106 form a vertical relationship after being in translation intersection; a plurality of metal vias 110 are disposed on both sides of the pair of strip differential feed lines 108.
The radiating arm is located below the rectangular microstrip patch 104.
The width of the pair of strip differential feed lines 108 and the spacing between the two metal strip lines are designed and adjusted according to transmission line theory.
The thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 109 is 0.254mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.66.
The middle layer prepreg 107 is 0.202mm thick. The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is 0.422mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.54.
The size of the long side of the rectangular gap is about 0.5 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency.
The size of the short side of the rectangular microstrip patch is about 0.3 lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency.
The height of the metal cover plate 101 is 5.8 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, one metal strip line portion of the strip differential feeder pair 108 of the present embodiment protrudes outward to ensure that the two metal strip lines have the same electrical length.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the antenna is in operation, a signal is fed from one end of the strip differential feed line pair 108, coupled through its radiating arm at its distal end to the rectangular slot 106 and the microstrip patch 104, causing the rectangular slot 106 and the microstrip patch 104 to couple resonant radiation. The radiated linearly polarized signal can be decomposed into a polarization component parallel to the short side of the metal cover 101 and a polarization component parallel to the long side of the metal cover 101 when passing through the circular polarized radiator 102. Because the sizes of the long side and the short side of the circular polarization radiator 102 are different, the propagation constants of the two polarization components are different, so that the phase difference of the two polarization components is close to 90 degrees when the two polarization components are propagated to the radiation port surface along the circular polarization radiator 102, and according to a circular polarization electromagnetic wave forming mechanism, the two polarization components are superposed to finally form circular polarization electromagnetic wave radiation to space.
Example two
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a linear array of the circular polarized antenna based on differential feeding of the present embodiment, where the array size is 4 × 4. The antenna unit in the linear array adopts the circularly polarized antenna based on differential feed in the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a circular polarized antenna array based on differential feeding of this embodiment, with an array size of 4 × 4. The antenna unit in the area array adopts the circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding in the first embodiment.
Example four
As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a circular polarization antenna based on differential feeding according to the present embodiment, and includes a metal cover 501, an upper dielectric substrate 505, a middle dielectric substrate 507, and a lower dielectric substrate 509. The lower surface of the lower layer medium substrate 509 is printed with a metal film, and the upper surface is printed with a belt-shaped differential feeder pair 508; a circularly polarized radiator 502 is arranged in the metal cover plate 501. The thickness of the lower dielectric substrate is 0.254mm, and the relative dielectric constant is 3.66. The width of the metal strip lines and the spacing between the two lines in the strip differential feed line pair 508 are designed and adjusted according to transmission line theory. The long edges of the metal arms at the tail ends of the strip-shaped differential feeder pairs 508 are in a vertical relationship after being crossed with the long edges of the metal cover plate 501 in a translation manner.
The thickness of the middle layer prepreg 507 is 0.202 mm. The upper dielectric substrate 509 has a thickness of 0.422mm and a relative dielectric constant of 3.54.
The size of the long side of the rectangular slot of the circular polarized antenna in this embodiment is about 0.5 λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. The long edges of the rectangular gaps and the long edges of the metal cover plates form a parallel relation after being in translation intersection.
The short side of the rectangular microstrip patch of the circular polarization antenna in this embodiment is about 0.3 λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
The height of the metal cover plate 501 is 5.8 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic structural diagram of the strip-shaped differential feeder 508 of this embodiment, it is ensured that the electrical lengths of the two metal strip lines are the same.
Except for the above embodiments, the remaining embodiments in this embodiment are the same as the first embodiment.
In summary, the millimeter wave circular polarization antenna based on differential feeding of this embodiment adopts a differential feeding manner, and sets up a radiation arm similar to a dipole antenna, and cooperates with the rectangular slot and the rectangular microstrip patch, and with the help of the circularly polarized radiator radiation signal with a special shape and structure, the antenna has excellent performance of wide impedance bandwidth, wide axial ratio bandwidth, stable directional diagram, and easy integration with a system, and is worth being popularized and used.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a millimeter wave circular polarized antenna based on difference feed which characterized in that: the microstrip patch antenna comprises a metal cover plate, a microstrip patch, an upper dielectric substrate, a lower dielectric substrate, a strip-shaped differential feeder pair and a circularly polarized radiator;
the metal cover plate, the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the circularly polarized radiator is arranged on the metal cover plate in a penetrating mode, the strip-shaped differential feeder line pair is arranged on the lower dielectric substrate, and the microstrip patch is arranged on the upper dielectric substrate;
the circularly polarized radiator is of a tubular structure and comprises an alternating section, the bottom caliber of the alternating section is circular, the caliber shape upwards along the bottom is the intersection of the circular and rectangular shapes with the coincident geometric centers, and the circular size of the upper caliber of the alternating section gradually increases on the basis of the circular size of the bottom caliber;
the circularly polarized radiator also comprises a transition section, the top of the transition section is connected with the bottom of the alternating section, and the bottom of the transition section and the bottom of the alternating section are both circular in caliber shape with the same size;
a first metal film is arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate, two rectangular holes are formed in the first metal film, and the two rectangular holes are located below the circularly polarized radiator;
the strip-shaped differential feeder line pair comprises two metal strip lines which are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the lower-layer medium substrate, a radiation arm is arranged at the tail end of each metal strip line, the metal strip lines and the radiation arms are integrally formed, an included angle between the radiation arms of the metal strip lines is 180 degrees, and the included angle between the radiation arms and the long edge of the rectangular hole is 90 degrees.
2. The millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding of claim 1, wherein: the circle center of the upper caliber-shaped circle and the circle center of the bottom caliber-shaped circle are on the same straight line.
3. The millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding of claim 2, wherein: the two rectangular holes are symmetrically arranged, and the intersection point of the connecting line of the middle points of the long edges of the two rectangular holes and the symmetry axis and the circular circle center at the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
4. The millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding of claim 3, wherein: the long edge of the rectangular hole is 45 degrees or 0 degree with the long edge of the bottom surface of the metal cover plate after the long edge is in translational intersection.
5. The millimeter wave circular polarization antenna based on differential feeding of claim 4, wherein: the upper surface of the upper-layer medium substrate is provided with a second metal film, a circular hole is formed in the second metal film, and the circle center of the circular hole at the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
6. The millimeter wave circular polarization antenna based on differential feeding of claim 5, wherein: the geometric center of the microstrip patch and the circular center of the bottom of the transition section are on the same straight line.
7. The millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on differential feeding of claim 6, wherein: the microstrip patch is a rectangular microstrip patch, and the included angle after the long edge of the rectangular microstrip patch is intersected with the long edge of the bottom surface of the metal cover plate in a translation mode is 45 degrees.
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| CN112332087B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-27 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Differential feed circular polarization filtering antenna based on super surface structure |
| CN112510355B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-08-09 | 博微太赫兹信息科技有限公司 | Double-layer plate millimeter wave circularly polarized antenna based on dielectric integrated waveguide feed |
| CN112421228A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-26 | 博微太赫兹信息科技有限公司 | Double-layer differential feed circularly polarized antenna |
| CN115528421A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-12-27 | 博微太赫兹信息科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave broadband circularly polarized differential helical antenna |
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| TW200701552A (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2007-01-01 | Scott J Cook | Circular polarity elliptical horn antenna |
| JP5050986B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2012-10-17 | ソニー株式会社 | Communications system |
| CN107394381B (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-11-12 | 东南大学 | A kind of broadband circle polarized array antenna of low section using stacking travelling-wave aerial unit |
| CN108987903A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-11 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | The series feed linear array circular polarization microstrip antenna of micro-strip |
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| CN108832288A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-16 | 西安电子科技大学 | Back chamber gap double frequency millimeter wave antenna based on substrate integration wave-guide SIW |
| CN111276815A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-12 | 南京达斯琪数字科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave dual-circular polarization bidirectional data transmission module and device |
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