CN101236063A - Soil surface roughness measurement method and apparatus - Google Patents
Soil surface roughness measurement method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101236063A CN101236063A CNA2008100831940A CN200810083194A CN101236063A CN 101236063 A CN101236063 A CN 101236063A CN A2008100831940 A CNA2008100831940 A CN A2008100831940A CN 200810083194 A CN200810083194 A CN 200810083194A CN 101236063 A CN101236063 A CN 101236063A
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- chaining pin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device which is used to measure the roughness of a land parcel surface and a measuring method. The device of the invention is that a supporting point is fixed on a framework, and the framework is respectively equipped with at least two survey probes and a height indicator, wherein the two survey probes are parallel with a fixing measuring arm and capable of moving along the upper and the lower frames of the framework.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of height measuring device and measure with this device.The present invention exactly is a kind of device and measuring method that is used to measure the plot surfaceness.
Background technology
The roughness of soil surface is an important parameter that characterizes the soil water regime and influence soil property.Coarse soil surface has increased soil surface area, can accumulate the part rainfall; Increase the swept area of the sun, increase ground temperature; Reduce wind speed, reduce soil drifting; Increase the evaporation capacity of soil simultaneously, reduced soil moisture.
The assay method of soil surface roughness has contactless and two kinds of mensuration modes of contact usually.Contactless assay method is to measure with laser scanning.The contact assay method is that instrument contacts with the face of land when measuring, and the contact method mainly contains the chaining pin method, chain method and bar chi method.
The chaining pin method is measured 20 times along ground with 20 chaining pins of interval 10cm, and 400 points that obtain calculate roughness by following formula:
R=100lgS formula 1
R in the formula 1 (roughness) represents roughness, and S represents the standard deviation of each measuring point height value.
The chain method is that American Ali Salch (1993) proposes, and he thinks as the chain (L of given length
1) when placing the face of land, because the dipping and heaving on ground, its horizontal length can reduce, and calculates the value that reduces of chain length, draws the index of weighing surface roughness by formula 2 again:
Cr represents surface roughness index, L in the formula 2
2Horizontal length when placing ground for chain.
Chinese invention patent application 03114152.8 discloses a kind of measuring method of soil roughness, and this method and chain method are similar.This patented claim comprises the steps: 1) grab sample in the target soil, fix 2 points at random, distance between two points is L; 2) on the straight line of fixing 2 places, be close to the uneven surface of soil sets level with nonelastic tightrope, obtain the stretching distance L of point-to-point transmission tightrope ': 3) and the like measure each sample prescription: 4) draw the soil roughness Ci=Li '/L (i=1,2,3...n) of each sample prescription according to the data that record, this formula draws the soil roughness in full wafer target soil again.
Bar chi method uses 20,30,40 respectively, and the measuring staff that 50cm is long places the face of land along the rainfall runoff direction, measures the vertical discrepancy in elevation of the mid point of ground lowland to bar with ruler, and its mean value is roughness R
h:
There are some researches show that with respect to bar chi method, result's stability that the chain method is measured is high.But for the concavo-convex less face of land because the surface of contact on chain and ground is little and the node of chain itself between the influence of distance size, the degree of accuracy of chain method mensuration is restricted.
Present stage is still useless in the isolated plant of measured soil surfaceness.
Summary of the invention
The isolated plant that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of measured soil surfaceness.
Device of the present invention is to be fixed with a fulcrum on a framework, also is respectively provided to few two and chaining pins that can along the upper and lower side frame of framework move parallel with fixing test arm and the height that can measure the chaining pin height change on the framework and indicates.Height indication described here is an altitude scale.
Also be provided with measurement face and the perpendicular level meter of chaining pin on the framework of the present invention.
Also be provided with water level gauge on the framework of the present invention.
At least two support bars also are set on the framework of the present invention, and two support bars and fixed pivot form the stable support to framework when measuring.
The water pipe that water level gauge of the present invention is made by flexibility and material transparent, what an end of water pipe paralleled with chaining pin is fixed on the framework, and indicates scale, and the other end of water pipe is fixed on the support member with framework apart.
Framework of the present invention is made of hollow section, and set a distance offers the chaining pin hole on two relative limits of framework, and an end of the chaining pin of being made by rigid material is most advanced and sophisticated, and the other end has one can limit the structure that it skids off from the chaining pin hole of framework.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. owing to be that the fixed pivot and the chaining pin that can move along the upper and lower side frame of framework are set on a framework at device of the present invention, and the height indication that can measure the chaining pin height change.Make the present invention can carry out the measurement of roughness of ground surface comparatively easily, and can carry out reading to each chaining pin very easily.
2. owing to disposed a level meter among the present invention, it provides the identical of horizontal direction between the measuring point
Reference point.
3. because the present invention is provided with water level gauge, and it can combine the numerical value of each measuring point cleverly with the surface level position of reference, obtain the measurement of correlation data, it provides the same reference points of vertical direction between the measuring point.
4. structure of the present invention can satisfy the requirement of different measuring spacing, for example the chaining pin spacing of the 2cm that is adopted in the embodiments of the invention.
5. the chaining pin method that device of the present invention adopts is measured, and its measuring accuracy is higher relatively,
6. this apparatus cost is cheap, and it is also very low to measure cost.
7. device is simple, is convenient for carrying, and is fit to the needs of field work.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein: Fig. 1 is a front elevational schematic of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is framework and chaining pin binding site synoptic diagram, and Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of accompanying drawing 1 left apparent place.
Embodiment
The present invention describes in detail with accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments:
In the embodiment of the invention that accompanying drawing provides, be that square or circular section bar are made a width and be 50c m, highly be the framework of 20cm that two edges are equidistantly offered 24 apertures by 2cm about it with the cross section, the diameter of aperture slides therein and gets final product can satisfy chaining pin.Insert a long chaining pin 1 of 45cm that forms with No. 8 iron wire alignments in each aperture.One termination portion sharpening of chaining pin 1, other end head bends a flanging, forms one and can limit the structure that it skids off from the chaining pin hole of framework, slippage just can be from framework 3 the not set aperture of chaining pin 1 when mentioning framework like this.On framework, fix a level meter 2.In addition, an end of a transparent vinyl tube 8 is fixed on a graduated side on the framework, the other end is fixed on the straight-bar 7, in plastic tube, charge into liquid then, preferably charge into the liquid that has color,, so form a water level gauge as adding the water of red.One side that framework 3 is equipped with water level gauge is provided with a fixed pivot 9.Scale on the framework is extended horizontally to the another side of framework and tighten with cord, the horizontal scale line 4 that formation can connect whole chaining pins (should guarantee that cord and chaining pin be not on same plane, motion has obstruction to chaining pin to avoid these a little horizontal scale lines that stretch tight, in the use of reality, also can draw a paper that has horizontal scale, this scale paper is affixed on the framework, form the horizontal survey line), the spacing between per two scale marks is 1cm.And get in the middle of it one and be zero degree line 5.Framework 3 is not established one side of water level gauge and is fixed two support bars 6 with hinge.Handle assembly is placed on the surface level (on the sheet glass face) and vertical, makes marks on chaining pin 1, and mark is overlapped with zero line 5 on the horizontal scale fine rule.
When measuring, fixed pivot 9 ends of chaining pin are landed, adjust two support bars 6, make whole device vertically be positioned over tested being located in, and make the framework top remain on horizontal level by level meter.At this moment each chaining pin lower end contacts with the face of land, forms different height indications.
When measure measuring roughness, select representational sub-district (1m * 1m), the direction of plowing along the plot is laterally surveyed 2 times in each sub-district, and length direction (1m) is surveyed 4 times, totally 200 points, identical horizontal reference plane is got in each sub-district.During mensuration, earlier the other end of water level gauge is fixed, instrument is placed on the ground, fulcrum ground connection, adjust the other end, make the vertical and level of instrument, at this moment note down the scale of water level gauge, note down the scale of each probe simultaneously, probe mark more than zero line, be designated as on the occasion of, be designated as negative value below the zero line, be accurate to 0.2cm, back one-bit digital is an estimated value, once can measure 25 points (comprising fulcrum).According to the integral status of measuring the face of land, 3～5 repetitions are done on every ground, and 600～1000 points are arranged like this.
Calculate by sample ground and calculate (there is identical horizontal reference plane on each sample ground, and the detailed calculated process is seen measurement and calculated example) respectively.
The correction of first step reference point.The reference point that lands when purpose is correcting determination at same surface level each sample.The value of choosing first or minimum point is as the reference point, and other reference point deducts its value, as the value of proofreading and correct this group chaining pin.
The correction of second chaining pin.Purpose is the value of proofreading and correct chaining pin with the value of reference point, because the value of chaining pin is the value with respect to reference point.With the chaining pin value of record, deduct the value of the reference point that the first step proofreaies and correct, obtain the value of this group chaining pin with respect to first group or minimum point surface level, numerical value is timing, represents this on the surface level of selecting, this point of negative number representation is lower than this surface level.
The value that the 3rd step was proofreaied and correct 3～5 sub-districts choosing takes absolute value, calculating mean value (mean) and standard deviation (se) again.
Application is with the degree of roughness on the mean value reflection face of land, mean value near the time, can judge the roughness on the face of land according to standard deviation (se), se is big more, illustrates that the degree of roughness on the face of land is big more.Also can calculate with reference to people's such as D.L.Brough method.
Measure and calculated example
Table 1 is the one group of data (value with 10 chaining pins is an example) that record.
Table 1
First step calibration reference point (face with minimum point 0.56 place is reference planes) sees Table 2
Table 2
The value (seeing Table 3) that second step was proofreaied and correct chaining pin
Table 3
The absolute value that the 3rd step was got the second step corrected value calculates average absolute (mean), standard deviation (se).(seeing Table 4)
Table 4
Result calculated
mean＝2.30cm，se＝0.42
Claims (6)
1. soil surface roughness measurement device, it is characterized in that on a framework, being fixed with a fixed pivot, also be respectively provided to few two and chaining pins that can along the upper and lower side frame of framework move parallel and the height that can measure the chaining pin height change on the framework and indicate with fixing test arm.
2. soil surface roughness measurement device according to claim 1 is characterized in that framework is provided with measurement face and the perpendicular level meter of chaining pin.
3. soil surface roughness measurement device according to claim 2 is characterized in that framework is provided with water level gauge.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described soil surface roughness measurement devices, it is characterized in that on framework, being provided with two support bars, when measuring two support bars and fixedly test arm form stable support to framework.
5. soil surface roughness measurement device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the water pipe that water level gauge is made by flexibility and material transparent, what one end of water pipe paralleled with chaining pin is fixed on the framework, and the other end of water pipe is fixed on the support member with framework apart.
6. soil surface roughness measurement device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that framework is made of hollow section, spacing offers the chaining pin hole on two relative limits of framework, an end of being made chaining pin by rigid material is most advanced and sophisticated, and the other end has one can limit the structure that it skids off from the chaining pin hole of framework.
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| CNA2008100831940A CN101236063A (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2008-03-06 | Soil surface roughness measurement method and apparatus |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101886904A (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2010-11-17 | 北京林业大学 | Slope rill erosion measurer |
| CN102636099A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Surface roughness measuring equipment |
| CN102788566A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-21 | 电子科技大学 | Measuring plate and measuring method of soil surface roughness |
| CN103063168A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 | Surface roughness parameter measurement device and method using the same |
| CN103217089A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Slide-type concrete surface smoothness test device |
| CN103940381A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-07-23 | 电子科技大学 | Method for measuring soil surface roughness |
| CN103954258A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Two-dimensional surface roughness parameter calculation method based on GPU |
| CN104101289A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Instrument for recording surface undulation shape of rock mass structure surface |
| CN107101552A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of target residual amount measurement device |
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 CN CNA2008100831940A patent/CN101236063A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101886904A (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2010-11-17 | 北京林业大学 | Slope rill erosion measurer |
| CN101886904B (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2012-05-23 | 北京林业大学 | Slope rill erosion measurer |
| CN103063168B (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 | Roughness of ground surface parameter measuring apparatus and method |
| CN103063168A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 | Surface roughness parameter measurement device and method using the same |
| CN102636099A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Surface roughness measuring equipment |
| CN103940381A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-07-23 | 电子科技大学 | Method for measuring soil surface roughness |
| CN102788566A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-11-21 | 电子科技大学 | Measuring plate and measuring method of soil surface roughness |
| CN103940381B (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2016-08-17 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of soil surface roughness measuring method |
| CN103217089A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Slide-type concrete surface smoothness test device |
| CN103217089B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of slidingtype concrete surface testing flatness device |
| CN103954258A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Two-dimensional surface roughness parameter calculation method based on GPU |
| CN103954258B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Two-dimentional earth's surface based on GPU roughness parameter computational methods |
| CN104101289A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Instrument for recording surface undulation shape of rock mass structure surface |
| CN107101552A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-08-29 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of target residual amount measurement device |
| CN107101552B (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2019-04-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of target residual amount measurement device |
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Open date: 20080806 |