CN101235353A - Monascus mutant and method for preparing flavochrome by fermenting the same - Google Patents
Monascus mutant and method for preparing flavochrome by fermenting the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monascus mutant and a method for fermenting to get yellow pigment, the Monascus anka mutant MYM2 is reserved in Chinese micro-organism culture preservation management committee normal microorganism center on November 30th, 2007, and preservation number is CGMCC2275. The method for fermenting the monascus mutant to get yellow pigment comprises the following steps: utilizing a fluid medium whose pH value us 3-4.5 to be a fermentation medium, utilizing ammonia sulfate and maize milk to be main nitrogen source, utilizing grape-sugar and soluble starch to be main carbon source, fermenting for 3-10 days under 25-35 DEG C, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 160-300r/min. Yellow pigment which is got through fermenting has very strong tinctorial power, which can resist high temperature, and the yellow pigment is stable to metal ion, which is stable under wide pH value, and the yellow pigment mainly is liposolubility yellow pigment, which can be used in a complex way with other coloring matters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bacterial strain and fermentation process thereof, the method for particularly a kind of monascus mutant strain and preparing flavochrome by fermenting thereof.
Background technology
In history, red colouring agent for food, also used as a Chinese medicine is used as a kind of foodstuff additive and is widely used in China and other Asian countries.There is many United States Patent (USP)s (U.S.Pat.Nos.4442209 and 5457039) report to utilize monascus strain (Monascus sps.) to produce haematochrome, yellow pigment and citraurin, and these pigments all are to be widely used in the food and medicine field as main natural pigment.According to United States Patent (USP) (U.S.PatNo.5,429,943) report, in the pigment that the monascus ruber metabolism is produced, the output ratio of haematochrome and yellow pigment that is to say near 1: 1, the pigmentary colour transfer nearly 1 that metabolism produces, and the tone that monascorubin shows is red, thereby the application of monascorubin in the food and medicine field mainly is monascorubin.Also there is relevant patent (U.S.Pat.No.5013564) report to utilize monascus ruber to come metabolism to produce yellow pigment; And in Japanese Patent (JP 55088696 and 81053589), by changing the relevant report that the growth metabolism external environment is produced yellow pigment, as coming the fermentative production monascus yellow pigment by changing fermentation pH value and substratum composition.But the yellow pigment of production is to obtain by solid state fermentation production, and efficient is lower, and the monascus yellow pigment look valency that obtains by this method is not high, and tone is not high yet, and the output of its yellow pigment is 1-2 times of haematochrome.The yellow pigment that obtains is a kind of compound pigment, is the nitrogenous source generation chemical reaction in monascorubin and the medium component, and the pigment derivative of generation presents yellow tone.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a strain monascus mutant strain (Monascus anka mutant) MYM2, this mutant strain can utilize cheap raw material, produces monascus yellow pigment by liquid state or solid state fermentation.
Another object of the present invention is by utilizing this monascus mutant strain, a kind of method of preparing flavochrome by fermenting being provided.
MYM2 of the present invention be by the strain that obtains of complex mutation of physics and chemistry produce yellow pigment at high proportion with the monascus mutant strain of high luminance relay valency, and be that South China Science ﹠ Engineering University's bio-science and engineering college biochemical engineering research department obtain by continuous mutagenesis screening.The used method of mutagenic strain is the method for some traditional microbial strains breedings among the present invention, comprises the processing of chemical substance (as ethyl sulfate, lithium chloride and nitrosoguanidine) and physics (as uv irradiating).
Monascus mutant strain among the present invention (Monascus anka mutant MYM2) is deposited in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center on November 30th, 2007, and deposit number is CGMCC2275.The bacterium colony quality of this bacterial strain pine is dredged, and felted is smooth, and there is radial radiating ridge at the back side, and the edge is smooth, mycelium initial stage fine hair toroidal, and bacteria colony white, growth bacterium colony in mid-term is yellow, and the ripening stage bacterium colony is red, and whole colony diameter is at 30-40 μ m.
The present invention is a fermentation strain with Monascus anka mutant MYM2, with the liquid nutrient medium of pH value 3~4.5 as fermention medium, with ammonium sulfate and corn steep liquor as major nitrogen source, with glucose and Zulkovsky starch is main carbon source, at 25-35 ℃ of bottom fermentation 3-10 days, the rotating speed of shaking table was 160-300r/min.
In the present invention, general carbon source and nitrogenous source can be used as medium component and come the fermentative production yellow pigment, and carbon source is not restricted to rice meal, W-Gum, Starch rice, wheat starch, glucose, maltose, sucrose and glycerine; Nitrogenous source is not limited to soyflour, yeast powder, corn steep liquor, ammonium sulfate and SODIUMNITRATE etc.
According to the present invention, the yellow pigment of producing by liquid state fermentation is as a kind of foodstuff additive, and the yellow pigment that fermentation obtains can obtain further purifying by various conventional arts.As by ion-exchange (JP 07216248), by control solvent and pH value with pass through the ethanol extracting.In addition, the yellow pigment that derives from fungi can obtain purifying to a certain degree by traditional method.According to the present invention, the yellow pigment of producing by liquid state fermentation can be applied to food, garment industry, if can be applied to field of medicaments by further separation and purification.
The objective of the invention is to by the liquid state fermentation technology, a kind of cheap raw material that utilizes is provided, serves as to produce bacterial strain with Monascus anka mutantMYM2, by certain process optimization, produces the yellow pigment that obtains high tone.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The analysis of yellow pigment and haematochrome: carry out the fermented liquid that obtains by liquid state fermentation centrifugal, precipitate with 70% ethanol extracting, extract is through suitable dilution, under 410nm and two wavelength of 510nm, carry out absorbance detection with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, wherein 410nm is a yellow pigment, and 510nm is a haematochrome.The ratio of the absorbance of 410nm and the absorbance of 510nm (being tone) is judged the height of yellow pigment quality, and the ratio of the high more explanation yellow pigment of ratio (tone) is big more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the abosrption spectrogram (solvent is 70% ethanol) of monascus yellow pigment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the mutagenesis of bacterial strain and screening mutant strains.
Monascus anka inoculation on wort agar (the wort powder 10% of sugar part 10%, agar 2%) inclined-plane, 31 ℃ cultivate 2-3 days after, thalline (tongue) with 5mL normal saline flushing strain inclined plane, break up through granulated glass sphere, aseptic lens wiping paper filters, and makes to contain spore 1 * 10
5Individual/mL suspension.At the 15W ultraviolet lamp, apart from 30cm irradiation down, magnetic agitation is coated with flat board (the wort agar flat board that contains the finite concentration lithium chloride) under the ruddiness simultaneously, and lucifuge is cultivated.Cultivate the thalline (tongue) of using 5mL normal saline flushing strain inclined plane after 2-3 days, break up through granulated glass sphere, aseptic lens wiping paper filters, and makes to contain spore 1 * 10
5Individual/mL suspension.Get a certain amount of spore suspension, add a certain amount of ethyl sulfate and be mixed with finite concentration, vibration 30min adds the Sulfothiorine termination reaction then.Fall then by dull and stereotyped (the wort agar flat board that contains the finite concentration lithium chloride), cultivate the thalline (tongue) of using 5mL normal saline flushing strain inclined plane after 2-3 days, break up through granulated glass sphere, aseptic lens wiping paper filters, and makes to contain spore 1 * 10
5Individual/mL suspension.Bacteria suspension adds certain density nitrosoguanidine, 31 ℃ of abundant oscillation treatment 30min, and the centrifugal supernatant liquor that goes, the phosphoric acid buffer constant gradient Macrodilution spore with pH7.0 precipitates with termination reaction then.The flat board (wort agar flat board) that falls was then cultivated 2-3 days.Select mutant strain by colony colour.Cultivate by flat board at last and screen stable bacterial strain, the morphological stability bacterial strain of selecting is by liquid state fermentation (medium component: Semen Maydis powder 7%, ammonium sulfate 1.5%, calcium chloride 0.01%, potassium primary phosphate 0.5% is about pH4) verify the stability of mutant strain.
Mutant strain was cultivated 2-3 days down in 31 ℃ at the wort agar flat board, washed spore with sterilized water then, and making the spore number is 10
5Spore suspension about individual/mL, draw 1 milliliter of spore suspension then and be added to 30 milliliters of (triangular flasks of 250 milliliters, liquid amount is 30 milliliters) fermention medium in, at rotating speed is 200r/min and 31 ℃ of following cultivations 6-7 days, fermented liquid is by centrifugal, with 70% ethanol extracting thalline, the centrifugal again supernatant liquor that obtains passes through suitable dilution, under 410nm and 510nm, carry out absorbance detection, all test equal three parallel, mutant strain carries out the mitotic stability experiment in 5 generations continuously, and experimental result is as shown in table 1, and table 1 produces the yellow pigment stability experiment for MYM2.The mutant strain growth metabolism proterties that the data presentation mutagenesis of table 1 obtains is more stable.
Table 1
MYM2 | Passage number | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
The outer tone of tone born of the same parents in yellow plain color valency (U/mL) born of the same parents | 27.5±0.15 3.1±0.035 3.5±0.076 | 29.8±0.17 3.2±0.094 3.4±0.024 | 27.6±0.20 3.0±0.038 3.27±0.02 | 24.8±0.23 3.1±0.092 3.4±0.011 | 25.6±0.14 3.2±0.068 3.4±0.051 | 26.2±0.19 3.1±0.076 3.3±0.025 |
The strain morphology that obtains at last.Fig. 1 is the colonial morphology of monascus mutant strain on the wort agar flat board.The bacterium colony quality of this bacterial strain pine is dredged, and felted is smooth, and there is radial radiating ridge at the back side, and the edge is smooth, mycelium initial stage fine hair toroidal, and bacteria colony white, growth bacterium colony in mid-term is yellow, and the ripening stage bacterium colony is red, and whole colony diameter is at 30-40 μ m.Fig. 1 is that (solvent: 70% ethanol), Fig. 1 shows, the yellow pigment that the mutant strain metabolism forms has maximum absorption band about the 410nm wave band for the abosrption spectrogram of monascus yellow pigment.The comparing result of the monascus starting strain fermented liquid tone of mutant strain and this laboratory preservation sees Table 2, and the yellow pigment tone of the pigment fermented liquid that the monascus mutant strain MYM2 metabolism that its data presentation sudden change obtains forms is high more a lot of than the yellow pigment tone of the pigment fermented liquid that other monascus strain metabolism forms.
Table 2
Bacterial strain | The outer tone of born of the same parents | Tone in the born of the same parents | Total tone |
Monascus anka M53 Monascus purpureus M32 Monascus rubber KRM12 Monascus pilous MPM245 Monascus rubber MRM24 Monascus anka mutant MYM2 | 1.51±0.020 1.23±0.059 1.27±0.026 1.42±0.049 1.34±0.035 3.30±0.025 | 1.32±0.019 1.40±0.047 1.26±0.090 1.83±0.092 1.28±0.079 3.12±0.076 | 1.36±0.056 1.37±0.067 1.26±0.084 1.73±0.067 1.30±0.030 3.21±0.127 |
Embodiment 2: the selection of yellow pigment fermentative production pH
According to a kind of described method of embodiment, the spore suspension of Monascus anka mutant MYM2 is inoculated in the fermention medium, and the fermentation culture based component is as follows: Semen Maydis powder 70g/L, SODIUMNITRATE 30g/L, FeSO
4.7H
2O 0.01g/L, CaCl
20.1g/L, KH
2PO
45g/L, initial pH value of medium is respectively 2.0,3.0, and 3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0,6.0.Culture condition is under 31 ℃ and the 200r/min shaking culture 6-7 days, and after fermented liquid was centrifugal, mycelium was with 70% ethanol equal-volume extracting one hour, and centrifuged supernatant is in 410nm and use the UV spectrophotometer measuring absorbancy 510nm time, and the result is as shown in table 3.Table 3 is the influences of different pH to the monascorubin tone.The result show initial pH value of medium 3-4..5 the metabolism of suitable yellow pigment form.
Table 3
pH | Total tone | Total uranidin (U/mL) |
2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 6 | 3.83±0.022 3.71±0.013 3.75±0.029 3.64±0.019 3.17±0.011 2.75±0.013 2.65±0.044 | 11.92±0.042 13.85±0.013 17.88±0.012 16.77±0.015 14.89±0.009 13.88±0.002 13.82±0.047 |
Embodiment 3: the selection of yellow pigment fermentative production nitrogenous source
According to embodiment 2 described methods, the spore suspension of Monascus anka mutant MYM2 is inoculated in the fermention medium, and the fermentation culture based component is as follows: Semen Maydis powder 70g/L, nitrogenous source 30g/L, FeSO
4.7H
2O 0.01g/L, CaCl
20.1g/L, KH
2PO
45g/L.Corn steep liquor, SODIUMNITRATE, the peptone Tryptones, junket egg peptone, yeast extract, urea, ammonium oxalate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and Triammonium citrate are as organic nitrogen source and inorganic nitrogen-sourced.Culture condition is that 25 ℃ and 160r/min cultivated 10 days down, and after fermented liquid was centrifugal, mycelium was used the UV spectrophotometer measuring absorbancy with 70% ethanol equal-volume extracting 1 hour, centrifugal back supernatant liquor under 410nm and 510nm.Its result such as table 4, table 4 are the mixed nitrogen experiment of (ammonium sulfate adds corn steep liquor).The result shows that ammonium sulfate is a kind of the inorganic nitrogen-sourced of yellow pigment metabolism formation that help, and corn steep liquor is a kind of organic nitrogen source that the yellow pigment metabolism forms that helps.
Table 4
Tone in the born of the same parents | The outer tone of born of the same parents | Total tone | The outer yellow plain color valency (U/mL) of born of the same parents | Born of the same parents Neihuang County pigment color value (U/mL) | Total uranidin look valency (U/mL) |
3.19±0.035 | 3.53±0.076 | 3.24±0.053 | 22.34±1.756 | 54.15±2.207 | 76.51±2.189 |
Embodiment 4: the selection of yellow pigment fermentative production carbon source
According to embodiment 2 described methods, its culture condition is 35 ℃ and 300r/min time to be cultivated 3-4 days, and all test equal triplicate.The spore suspension of Monascus anka mutant MYM2 is inoculated in the fermention medium, and the fermentation culture based component is as follows: carbon source 70g/L, ammonium sulfate 1.5%, corn steep liquor 1.0%, FeSO
4.7H
2O 0.01g/L, CaCl
20.1g/L, KH
2PO
45g/L.Starch, maltose, sucrose, glucose and glycerine are as carbon source.Fermentation culture method and pigment detection method are as described in example 2 above.Result such as table 5.Table 5 is the influence of single carbon source to tone.The experimental result such as the table 6 of starch and glucose mixed carbon source.The result shows, the mixed carbon source of starch and glucose forms favourable to the metabolism of yellow pigment, and tone is also than higher.
Table 5
Carbon source | The outer tone of born of the same parents | Tone in the born of the same parents | Total tone |
Amylomaltose glucose | 4.53±0.203 1.34±0.091 5.60±0.795 | 4.65±0.352 0.81±0.004 4.66±0.239 | 4.62±0.266 0.92±0.011 4.701±0.197 |
Sucrose glycerine | 1.34±0.009 1.35±0.031 | 0.87±0.037 0.82±0.013 | 0.97±0.037 0.90±0.017 |
Table 6
Tone in the born of the same parents | The outer tone of born of the same parents | Total tone | The outer yellow plain color valency (U/mL) of born of the same parents | Born of the same parents Neihuang County pigment color value (U/mL) | Total uranidin look valency (U/mL) |
4.50±0.1500 | 4.580±0.050 | 4.54±0.917 | 5.64±0.837 | 85.52±6.989 | 91.16±5.826 |
In sum, the color harmony look valency of the yellow pigment that obtains by monascus mutant strain Monascus anka mutant MYM2 fermentation is all than higher, and can utilize cheap raw material to obtain by liquid state fermentation, the yellow pigment that obtains is a kind of natural microbe-derived food grade colorant.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of monascus mutant strain Monascus anka mutant MYM2, deposit number is CGMCC2275.
2, the method for the described monascus mutant strain of a kind of claim 1 preparing flavochrome by fermenting, it is characterized in that, with the liquid nutrient medium of pH value 3~4.5 as fermention medium, with ammonium sulfate and corn steep liquor as major nitrogen source, with glucose and Zulkovsky starch is main carbon source, at 25-35 ℃ of bottom fermentation 3-10 days, the rotating speed of shaking table was 160-300r/min.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described nitrogenous source is soyflour, yeast powder, corn steep liquor, ammonium sulfate or SODIUMNITRATE.
4, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described carbon source is rice meal, W-Gum, Starch rice, wheat starch, glucose, maltose, sucrose or glycerine.
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CN114507606A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-17 | 天津科技大学 | Monascus solid-state fermentation method for producing monascus yellow pigment at high yield and not producing orange pigment |
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CN117778199A (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-03-29 | 江南大学 | Monascus for high yield of monascus yellow pigment and application thereof |
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