CN101230280B - 一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置 - Google Patents

一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置 Download PDF

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CN101230280B
CN101230280B CN2008100185515A CN200810018551A CN101230280B CN 101230280 B CN101230280 B CN 101230280B CN 2008100185515 A CN2008100185515 A CN 2008100185515A CN 200810018551 A CN200810018551 A CN 200810018551A CN 101230280 B CN101230280 B CN 101230280B
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destructive distillation
retorting
feed bin
distillation tube
solid biomass
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CN101230280A (zh
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王家俊
陈枫
马仁贵
李家明
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Hefei Tianyan Biomass Technology Co. Ltd.
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HEFEI TIANYAN EXPLOITATION OF GREEN ENERGY SOURCES CO Ltd
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Abstract

一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置，一只干馏筒(1)设置在设置在壳体(9)内，壳体(9)内壁有保温层(10)和耐火层(11)，耐火层(11)和干馏筒(1)之间构成加热腔(25)，物料在干馏筒(1)内实现干馏过程，生成的干馏气排出后与空气混合、点燃再引入加热腔(25)以充分利用固体生物质能源，干馏生成的炭自筒底的旋转锥台(12)排出经冷却室(15)落入料仓(16)内，当排炭的出口与螺旋出料器配合时本装置就可在密闭状态下连续运转，干馏所需要的能源一部分取自干馏的副产品干馏气，因此本装置能耗低。

Description

一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种能源转换装置，具体地说是一种将低密度固体生物质能源转化为高密度能源的立式连续干馏装置。
二、背景技术
农作物秸秆、林业采伐及林产品加工剩余物等通常称为固体生物质。由于固体生物质能源密度低，不适合现代工业及日常生活需要，而石化能源的日渐枯竭及生态环境的日益恶化，人类不得不寻求对环境友好的、取之不竭的可再生能源。生物质能源资源是其中一种。
近二十年来，生物质能源开发利用主要是热解气化，获取低品味的可燃气体和间接干馏获取高密度能源的碳。间接干馏技术无法提高产量而不可能作为工业原料应用。另外，申请人研发的连续内燃干馏装置要消耗一部分生物质原料，且只适用于低温干馏，需要较长干馏滞留期，难以解决高产优质的矛盾。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在把低密度能源提升为高密度能源品种，所要解决的技术问题是在低能耗的前提下实现干馏过程的连续化。
本装置包括干馏机构、传动机构、进料(固体生物质)和出料(炭)机构。具体的技术方案是：所述的干馏机构就是一只干馏筒1设置在壳体9内，壳体9内壁有保温层10和耐火层11，在耐火层11和干馏筒1外壁之间形成加热腔25，供燃烧的气体加热干馏筒1实现物料的干馏过程，干馏生成的干馏气自干馏筒1上方的气体出口2逸出并同空气混合、点燃后引入加热腔25，干馏生成的炭自筒底的旋转锥台12排出经冷却室15落入料仓16内；在干馏筒1内设置有搅拌器，搅拌器由搅拌轴4和叶片5组成并为传动机构所驱动，传动机构由电机6和减速器7组成，搅拌器的作用是使物料在向下移动过程中实现径向反复移位，一方面加速热传递使物料受热均匀，另一方面有利于物料中的挥发组分挥发、逃逸生成干馏气。为防止干馏气逸出时携带或冲击物料，在干馏筒1内可设置隔栅8，如图1所示。
出料机构包括旋转锥台12、冷却室15和料仓16，冷却室15连接在壳体9的下方，料仓16连接在冷却室15的下方；料仓16底部有由阀17控制的出口，料仓16外设置有冷却水箱18，为加速炭的冷却，在冷却室15上可设置水冷却夹套19，在料仓16上可加设翅片20，以利进一步散热降温。
旋转锥台12与干馏筒1底部之间有间隙以畅通排炭，锥台12与伞齿轮13和滚轮14相配合而旋转，其可供选择的一种结构如图2、图3所示。一个带有十字支撑的圆环形骨架21其上固定锥面22形成锥台，锥面22上有通孔23并为螺旋式筋幅24所加固，骨架21的圆环部分与伞齿轮13和滚轮14相配合。
本装置是这样运行的：
经予处理后的固体生物质物料由螺旋进料器3输入干馏筒1内；燃烧的热烟气由壳体9下方的进气口输入到加热腔25，其热量由干馏筒1以传导、辐射形式传递给固体物料和气态物质(挥发分和水蒸气)，搅拌器不断地将壁面过热物料径向移动的同时，又将较冷的物料排向炉壁，气态物质以对流形式将从炉壁和过热的物料中获得的热量传递给较低温度的物料。如此反复进行，物料温度不断升高，其内在的挥发分不断析出。挥发分由气体出口2排出。与空气混合作为干馏用的能源。干馏后的产品炭由旋转锥台12周边间隙经冷却室15落入料仓16内；冷却后经阀17控制的出口移出。
本装置当出料口与螺旋式出料器配合时便可在密闭状态下连续运转，干馏所需的能源一部分取自干馏的副产品干馏气，当与空气混合燃烧温度可达1000℃以上，因此本装置能耗低。
四、附图说明
图1是本装置的结构示意图，图中实心箭头示意固体物料和冷却水的走向，空心箭头示意气体的走向。
图2、图3是旋转锥台12一种实施方式结构示意图，其中图3是图2的俯视图。
五、具体实施方式
1、用钢板加工壳体9、带水冷却夹套19的冷却室15以及料仓16和冷却水箱18。在壳体9的内壁敷设保温层10和耐火层11。壳体9的下方有至少一个燃气进口，上方有气体出口，进口和出口不在同一条母线上以避免燃气短路。
2、用陶瓷加工带有干馏气出口2的干馏筒1，将干馏筒1与壳体9同轴配合并固定，干馏筒1和耐火层11之间形成加热腔25。干馏筒1上方设置有电机6和减速器7，并与筒内的搅拌器相配合，干馏筒1内设置有隔栅8。干馏筒1上端设置有螺旋进料器3。
3、旋转台12为整体浇注成型，包括带十字支撑的骨架21和独具特色的三根螺旋式筋幅24，筋幅上承托三块异型面板构成锥面22，其上加工有通孔23。将该锥台12连同匹配的伞齿轮13和滚轮14一道装配到冷却室15内，最后固定在壳体9的下方。
4、将料仓16和冷却水箱18组装后一道固定在冷却室15的下方。在料仓16上有翅片20，料仓16的底部出口有阀17，该出口可以同螺旋出料器配合以连续自动出料。

Claims (4)

1.一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置，包括干馏机构、传动机构、进料和出料机构，其特征在于：所述的干馏机构是干馏筒(1)设置在壳体(9)内，壳体(9)内壁有保温层(10)和耐火层(11)，在耐火层(11)和干馏筒(1)之间有加热腔(25)，干馏筒(1)上有气体出口(2)和螺旋进料器(3)，在干馏筒(1)内有为传动机构驱动并由轴(4)和叶片(5)组成的搅拌器；干馏筒(1)底部有同伞齿轮(13)和滚轮(14)相配合的旋转锥台(12)，旋转锥台(12)位于冷却室(15)内，冷却室(15)连接在壳体(9)的下方，冷却室(15)下方连接有料仓(16)，料仓(16)底部有由阀(17)控制的出口，料仓(16)外有冷却水箱(18)；所述的旋转锥台(12)由带十字支撑的圆环形骨架(21)和其上固定的锥面(22)组成，锥面(22)上有通孔(23)并固定有螺旋式筋幅(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的干馏装置，其特征在于：干馏筒(1)上部设置有隔栅(8)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的干馏装置，其特征在于：冷却室(15)上有水冷却夹套(19)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的干馏装置，其特征在于：料仓(16)上有翅片(20)。
CN2008100185515A 2008-02-29 2008-02-29 一种固体生物质立式连续干馏装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101230280B (zh)

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