CN101227090A - Photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101227090A CN101227090A CN 200710150685 CN200710150685A CN101227090A CN 101227090 A CN101227090 A CN 101227090A CN 200710150685 CN200710150685 CN 200710150685 CN 200710150685 A CN200710150685 A CN 200710150685A CN 101227090 A CN101227090 A CN 101227090A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power-generating maximal power tracking controlling device based on a digital signal processing device, which comprises a direct current converter, a voltage and electric current detecting module, a controlling module and a driving and protecting module, wherein the input end of the direct current converter is connected with the output end of a solar battery array, the output end is connected with the input end of a synchronization inverter through a direct current bus bar, the synchronization inverter is connected with an electric network, the input end of the voltage and electric current detecting module is connected with the output end of the voltage and electric current detecting module, the output end of the voltage and electric current detecting module is connected with the input end of the controlling module, the output end the controlling module is connected with the input end of the driving and protecting module, and the output end of the driving and protecting module is connected with a grid electrode G of an isolated-gate bipolar field effect transistor of the direct current converter. The device has the beneficial effects of being easy to popularize and use as the cost is low, reducing the difficulty of the system controlling realization, and increasing controlling effect. The installation of the invention is flexible, maintenance is convenient, and the influence of a single branch fault can be reduced in the maximum limit.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention related to is the control technology field of solar photovoltaic grid-connection generating, the photovoltaic power generation tracking controller that is based on digital signal processor particularly.
Background technology
Solar energy is as a kind of important renewable energy, and its aboundresources cleaning is an important component part in the human kind sustainable development energy strategy, and development in recent years is rapid.Solar energy from replenish the energy to the status of alternative energy source change, solar power generation is three development trends that solar energy utilize from off-grid independent photovoltaic system to the development of photovoltaic parallel in system to the development of electricity area, solar energy photovoltaic system are arranged from areas without electricity.All there is the working point of a Maximum Power Output at any time in solar battery array, is called maximum power point.Maximum power point is along with intensity of illumination and variation of temperature and change.The topmost task of maximal power tracing control is exactly by suitable control algolithm, finds photovoltaic array at the maximum power point of determining under sunshine and the temperature conditions.Simultaneously can be under the weather condition that changes, the control solar battery array is operated on the maximum power point, and the maximum direct current energy that photovoltaic module is produced obtains utilizing in time as much as possible.The maximal power tracing function is one of prerequisite function of photovoltaic parallel in system.
The family mainly is made of solar battery array and necessary Technics of Power Electronic Conversion equipment two parts with photovoltaic system.Fig. 1 is that the photovoltaic power generation tracking controller circuit of prior art connects block diagram.As shown in Figure 1, prior art photovoltaic generation power tracking control device comprises: voltage and current detection module (20), control module (30), driving and protection module (40), combining inverter (6).The defective that above-mentioned prior art exists is: combining inverter (60) need be transformed to the direct current of solar battery array (8) output and meet the alternating current that electrical network (7) requires, and also will possess the function of maximal power tracing simultaneously.Because the voltage of solar battery array (8) output, electric current are all extremely unstable.Therefore, its control method is very complicated, is difficult for realizing.Because combining inverter (6) must have isolating transformer to isolate carrying out electricity between photovoltaic parallel in system and the electrical network, causes the photovoltaic parallel in system cost high, general user is difficult to bear, and has therefore limited the popularization of photovoltaic parallel in system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, provide a kind of, can realize photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor to quick, the stable tracking of photovoltaic array maximum power point in conjunction with the high speed processing ability of new digital signal processor, voltage, current detection technology and succinct effectively track algorithm fast and accurately.
The technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above is: a kind of photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor, and described photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor comprises: DC converter, voltage and current detection module, control module, driving and protection module; The input of described DC converter connects the output of solar battery array, and the output of DC converter is by the input of dc bus connection combining inverter, and combining inverter is connected with electrical network; The input of described voltage and current detection module connects the output of solar battery array; the input of the output link control module of voltage and current detection module; the output of control module connects the input of driving and protection module, drives the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor of DC converter with the output of protection module.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the user only need buy solar battery array and special-purpose DC converter, the installation of medium-sized combining inverter (6) can mode realizes by government-funded or a plurality of user be joint etc., thereby can significantly reduce the cost of each user's photovoltaic parallel in system, have very big promotion potential.
2. a plurality of families that are made of solar battery array and small-power DC converter link to each other with mid power or powerful combining inverter by dc bus with photovoltaic parallel in system, thereby form multiple branch circuit, two plate photovoltaic grid-connected inverting system.DC converter only is used for boosting inverter and maximal power tracing control, and the voltage control of dc bus is finished by combining inverter, has reduced the difficulty that system's control realizes, has improved the control effect.
3. the maximal power tracing control device of multiple branch circuit, two plate photovoltaic parallel in system flexible for installation, easy to maintenance, can maximally utilise solar radiation energy, effectively overcome the entire system inefficiency that power mismatch is brought between branch road, and can reduce the influence of single branch trouble to greatest extent.
4. voltage, current detection accuracy height are introduced the variable step design in the software algorithm of control impuls duty ratio, the DSP chip fast operation, and device can obtain good tracking accuracy and stability.
5. the input in DC converter inserts galvanic input filter, has significantly improved the quality of DC converter output electric energy.
6. hardware unit combines with the digital signal processor software programming, the hardware unit simplicity of design, with low cost, be easy to realize that the software programming algorithm is succinct, understandable.The present invention has improved photovoltaic array to the utilization ratio of solar energy, the performance that photovoltaic array is exported quality, the stability of a system and the whole photovoltaic system of electric energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the follow-up control apparatus circuit of prior art connects block diagram;
Fig. 2 circuit of the present invention connects block diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the DC converter circuit connects block diagram among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a Boost chopper circuit structure chart among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is that the circuit of voltage and current detection module among Fig. 2 connects block diagram;
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of voltage signal modulate circuit among Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that is connected of control module and voltage and current detection module, driving and protection module among Fig. 2.
" sequence number explanation in the accompanying drawing "
1: DC converter 2: voltage and current detection module 3: control module
4: drive and protection module 5: dc bus 6: combining inverter
7: electrical network 8: solar battery array 11: input filter circuit
12:Boost chopper circuit L
d: energy storage inductor VT: insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor
VD: diode C
0: storage capacitor 13: output filter circuit
21: voltage sensor 22: voltage signal modulate circuit 23: current sensor
24: current signal modulate circuit 25: voltage follower
26: voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 27: bleeder circuit 28: voltage follower
U
1-U
3: OP07CP type integrated operational amplifier R
1-R
4: carbon film R
5: metalfilmresistor
R
6: potentiometer R
7: metalfilmresistor C
1-C
2: leaded multilayer ceramic capacitor
31:A/D module 32: central processor unit 33: electric power management circuit
34: crystal oscillating circuit 35: task manager 36: pulse width modulation module
41: photoelectric isolating circuit 42: regulate and drive circuit
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 2 photovoltaic power generation tracking controller of the present invention connects block diagram.
As shown in Figure 2, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor, described photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor comprises: DC converter 1, voltage and current detection module 2, control module 3, driving and protection module 4; The input of described DC converter 1 connects the output of solar battery array 8, and the output of DC converter 1 is by the input of dc bus 5 connection combining inverters 6, and combining inverter 6 is connected with electrical network 7; The input of described voltage and current detection module 2 connects the output of solar battery array 8; the input of the output link control module 3 of voltage and current detection module 2; the output of control module 3 connects the input of driving and protection module 4, drives the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor of DC converter 1 with the output of protection module 4.
Fig. 3 is the connection layout of DC converter 1 among Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a Boost chopper circuit structure chart among Fig. 3.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, described DC converter 1 comprises: input filter circuit 11, Boost chopper circuit 12, output filter circuit 13; The input of described input filter circuit 11 connects the output of solar battery array 8, and the output of input filter circuit 11 connects the input of Boost chopper circuit 12; The output of Boost chopper circuit 12 connects the input of output filter circuit 13; The two ends of dc bus 5 connect the output of output filter circuit 13 and the input of combining inverter 6 respectively; Described Boost chopper circuit 12 is by energy storage inductor L
d, insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT, diode VD and storage capacitor C
0Constitute; Energy storage inductor L wherein
dPositive pole connect the input anode a1 of Boost chopper circuit 12, energy storage inductor L
dNegative pole connect the positive pole of diode VD and the collector electrode C of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT, the negative pole of diode VD connects storage capacitor C
0Positive pole and the output head anode a2 of Boost chopper circuit 12, the input cathode b1 of Boost chopper circuit 12 connects emitter E, the storage capacitor C of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT
0Negative pole and the negative pole of output end b2 of Boost chopper circuit 12; The grid G of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT connects the output of driving and protection module 4.
The input of described input filter circuit 11 connects the output of solar battery array 8, is used for the high frequency clutter of filtering solar battery array 8 output voltages; Described Boost chopper circuit 12 is the electric energy of voltage higher stable with the lower unsettled transformation of electrical energy of voltage of solar battery array 8 outputs, simultaneously by controlling the maximal power tracing of multiple realization to solar battery array 8 that boost of Boost chopper circuit 12; The output of Boost chopper circuit 12 connects the input of output filter circuit 13; The electric energy that described output filter circuit 13 is exported Boost chopper circuit 12 further carries out filtering and can obtain the stable electric energy that combining inverter 6 conversion require that meets, and the output of output filter circuit 13 connects combining inverter 6.
Fig. 5 is the connection layout of voltage and current detection module 2 among Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of voltage signal modulate circuit among Fig. 5.
As Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, described voltage and current detection module 2 comprises: voltage sensor 21, voltage signal modulate circuit 22, current sensor 23, current signal modulate circuit 24; Voltage sensor 21 inputs connect the output of solar battery array 8, and voltage sensor 21 outputs connect voltage signal modulate circuit 22 inputs; Described voltage signal modulate circuit 22 is identical with current regulating circuit 24 circuit connection structures, and its circuit connection structure comprises voltage follower 25, voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26, bleeder circuit 27 and the voltage follower 28 of series connection successively; Wherein the input A of voltage follower 25 connects voltage sensor 21, and the output B of voltage follower 25 connects the input of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26; The output C of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26 connects the input of bleeder circuit 27, and the output D of bleeder circuit 27 connects the input of voltage follower 28, A/D module 31 inputs in the output link control module 3 of voltage follower 28.
Described voltage sensor 21 is selected the VSM025A type closed loop magnetic balance type Hall voltage transducer of Nanjing camellia Electronics Co., Ltd. for use, and current sensor 23 is selected the CHB-25NP type closed loop magnetic balance type current sensor of Beijing Electronics Co., Ltd. of gloomy society for use.Voltage sensor 21 and current sensor 23 are used to gather the voltage and current signal of solar battery array 8 output electric energy.As shown in Figure 6, described voltage signal modulate circuit 22 its circuit connection structures comprise voltage follower 25, voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26, bleeder circuit 27 and the voltage follower 28 of series connection successively.Described voltage follower 25 is identical with voltage follower 28 structures, and its circuit connection structure is: the input A of voltage follower 25 connects integrated operational amplifier U
1In-phase input end, U
1Inverting input connect U
1Output.U
1Output connect the input of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26 as the output B of voltage follower 25.The circuit connection structure of described voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26 is: the input of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26 connects fixed carbon resister R
1An end, R
1The other end connect fixed carbon resister R respectively
2An end and leaded multilayer ceramic capacitor C
1An end, R
2The other end connect leaded multilayer ceramic capacitor C respectively
2An end and integrated operational amplifier U
2In-phase input end, C
1The other end connect U
2Output, C
2Other end ground connection.U
2Inverting input connects fixed carbon resister R respectively
3An end and fixed carbon resister R
4An end, R
3Other end ground connection, R
4The other end connect U
2Output.U
2Output connect the input of bleeder circuit 27 as the output C of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit 26.The circuit connection structure of described bleeder circuit 27 is: the input of bleeder circuit 27 connects the end of metalfilmresistor R5, and the other end of R5 connects the stiff end of potentiometer R6.Another stiff end of R6 connects the end of metalfilmresistor R7, and the sliding end of R6 connects the input of voltage follower 28 as the output D of bleeder circuit 27.A/D module 31 in the output E link control module 3 of voltage follower 28.Described identical with current regulating circuit 24 voltage signal modulate circuits 22 circuit connection structures, the signal of being gathered by voltage sensor 21 and current sensor 23 is respectively through filtering, the amplification of overvoltage signal modulate circuit 22 and current signal modulate circuit 24, send into the high-precision analog-to-digital conversion of carrying out again, the gained data are sent into central processor unit 32 and are controlled computing.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that is connected of control module and voltage and current detection module, driving and protection module among Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 7, described control module 3 is selected the TMS320F2812 type DSP chip of TI company for use, and this DSP chip comprises: A/D module 31, central processor unit 32, task manager 35 and pulse width modulation module 36; Electric power management circuit 33 is connected central processor unit 32 with crystal oscillating circuit 34 outputs; Described A/D module 31 inputs connect the output of voltage and current detection module 2 voltage signal modulate circuits 22 and current signal modulate circuit 24; The output of described pulse width modulation module 36 connects photoelectric isolating circuit 41 inputs in driving and the protection module 4.
The kernel control chip of above-mentioned control module 3 is selected the TMS320F2812 type DSP chip of TI company for use, this chip is integrated A/D module 31, central processor unit 32, task manager 35 and pulse width modulation module 36 carries out work under the cooperation of electric power management circuit 33 and crystal oscillating circuit 34.The A/D module 31 that the analog signal of voltage and current detection module 2 outputs is sent into control module 3 is converted to digital signal, sends into central processor unit 32.32 pairs of inputs of central processor unit data are calculated, after drawing the variable power situation of current solar battery array 8, calculate control informations such as frequency of modulated wave, amplitude according to the conductance increment method and send into task manager 35, task manager 35 frequency in view of the above generates modulation wave signal, sends into pulse width modulation module 36 and generates the variable pulse control signal of output duty cycle.
As shown in Figure 7, described driving and protection module 4 comprise: photoelectric isolating circuit 41, adjusting and drive circuit 42; The output of the pulse width modulation module 36 in the input link control module 3 of described photoelectric isolating circuit 41, the output of photoelectric isolating circuit 41 connects the input of adjusting and drive circuit 42, regulates the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT of DC converter 1 with the output of drive circuit 42.
Above-mentioned photoelectric isolating circuit 41 prevents that in order to realize the electrical isolation of control circuit and main circuit the voltage fluctuation of main circuit from damaging control circuit.Described adjusting is connected the output of photoelectric isolating circuit 41 with the input of drive circuit 42, regulate the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor (IGBT) of DC converter 1 with the output of drive circuit 42, adjusting and drive circuit 42 are used for the control signal of control module 3 outputs is amplified and suitable adjusting, control signal is transformed to drive signal, in order to drive turning on and off of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor IGBT.
Below operation principle of the present invention and workflow are described:
Operation principle of the present invention is: real-time collection and processing that voltage and current detection module 2 is realized solar battery array 8 output voltages and current signal by voltage sensor 21, current sensor 23, voltage signal modulate circuit 22, current signal modulate circuit 24, and give control module 3 with the transfer of data of gained; The analog signal conversion that control module 3 utilizes the filtering algorithm of A/D module 31 and necessity that voltage and current detection module 2 is gathered is digital signal, and passes through to analyze received data, calculates dV, dI, reaches dI/dV.By utilization conductance increment method, in conjunction with the output characteristic of solar battery array 8, can obtain the present working point of solar battery array 8 and the relative position and the distance of maximal power tracing point, and then finish the control of MPPT.
Workflow of the present invention is: judge at first whether dV is 0, if voltage, electric current do not change, then do not need to adjust; If dV is 0, and dI is not 0, then according to the positive and negative of dI reference voltage is adjusted: dI increased reference voltage greater than 0 o'clock; Otherwise, reduce reference voltage.If dV is not 0, then reference voltage is adjusted:, increase reference voltage (dI/dV+I/V) greater than 0 o'clock according to the positive and negative of (dI/dV+I/V); Otherwise, reduce reference voltage.The control of reference voltage realizes recently that by the duty of appropriate regulation PWM the pwm pulse control signal of control module 3 outputs is added to the control switch insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) of DC converter 1 with protection module 4 through overdriving.Since dc bus 5 voltages of multiple branch circuit, two plate photovoltaic parallel in system by combining inverter 6 control stabilization of the back utmost point at 400V.Therefore by suitably controlling the break-make of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), it is the multiplication factor of scalable DC converter 1, make both end voltage dynamically be operated in the maximum power point of solar battery array 8, thereby realize tracking solar battery array 8 maximum power points.
Claims (5)
1. photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor, it is characterized in that described photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor comprises: DC converter (1), voltage and current detection module (2), control module (3), driving and protection module (4); The input of described DC converter (1) connects the output of solar battery array (8), and the output of DC converter (1) is by the input of dc bus (5) connection combining inverter (6), and combining inverter (6) is connected with electrical network (7); The input of described voltage and current detection module (2) connects the output of solar battery array (8); the input of the output link control module (3) of voltage and current detection module (2); the output of control module (3) connects the input of driving and protection module (4), drives the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor of DC converter (1) with the output of protection module (4).
2. according to the described photovoltaic power generation tracking controller of claim 1 based on digital signal processor, it is characterized in that described DC converter (1) comprising: input filter circuit (11), Boost chopper circuit (12), output filter circuit (13); The input of described input filter circuit (11) connects the output of solar battery array (8), and the output of input filter circuit (11) connects the input of Boost chopper circuit (12); The output of Boost chopper circuit (12) connects the input of output filter circuit (13); The two ends of dc bus (5) connect the output of output filter circuit (13) and the input of combining inverter (6) respectively; Described Boost chopper circuit (12) is by energy storage inductor L
d, insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT, diode VD and storage capacitor C
0Constitute; Energy storage inductor L wherein
dPositive pole connect the input anode a1 of Boost chopper circuit (12), energy storage inductor L
dNegative pole connect the positive pole of diode VD and the collector electrode C of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT, the negative pole of diode VD connects storage capacitor C
0Positive pole and the output head anode a2 of Boost chopper circuit (12), the input cathode b1 of Boost chopper circuit (12) connects emitter E, the storage capacitor C of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT
0Negative pole and the negative pole of output end b2 of Boost chopper circuit (12); The grid G of insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT connects the output of driving and protection module (4).
3. according to the described a kind of photovoltaic power generation tracking controller of claim 1 based on digital signal processor, it is characterized in that described voltage and current detection module (2) comprising: voltage sensor (21), voltage signal modulate circuit (22), current sensor (23), current signal modulate circuit (24); Voltage sensor (21) input connects the output of solar battery array (8), and voltage sensor (21) output connects voltage signal modulate circuit (22) input; Described voltage signal modulate circuit (22) is identical with current regulating circuit (24) circuit connection structure, and its circuit connection structure comprises voltage follower (25), voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit (26), bleeder circuit (27) and the voltage follower (28) of series connection successively; Wherein the input (A) of voltage follower (25) connects voltage sensor (21), and the output (B) of voltage follower (25) connects the input of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit (26); The output (C) of voltage controlled voltage source second-order low-pass filter circuit (26) connects the input of bleeder circuit (27), the output (D) of bleeder circuit (27) connects the input of voltage follower (28), A/D module (31) input in the output link control module (3) of voltage follower (28).
4. according to the described a kind of photovoltaic power generation tracking controller of claim 1 based on digital signal processor, it is characterized in that, described control module (3) is selected the TMS320F2812 type DSP chip of TI company for use, and this DSP chip comprises: A/D module (31), central processor unit (32), task manager (35) and pulse width modulation module (36); Electric power management circuit (33) is connected central processor unit (32) with crystal oscillating circuit (34) output; Described A/D module (31) input connects the output of voltage and current detection module (2) voltage signal modulate circuit (22) and current signal modulate circuit (24); The output of described pulse width modulation module (36) connects photoelectric isolating circuit (41) input in driving and the protection module (4).
5. according to the described a kind of photovoltaic power generation tracking controller of claim 1, it is characterized in that described driving and protection module (4) comprising: photoelectric isolating circuit (41), adjusting and drive circuit (42) based on digital signal processor; The output of the pulse width modulation module (36) in the input link control module (3) of described photoelectric isolating circuit (41), the output of photoelectric isolating circuit (41) connects the input of adjusting and drive circuit (42), regulates the grid G that is connected the insulated gate bipolar field effect transistor VT of DC converter (1) with the output of drive circuit (42).
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2007
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Assignee: Siemens Electrical Drives Ltd. Assignor: Tianjin University of Technology Contract record no.: 2011120000288 Denomination of invention: Photovoltaic power generation tracking controller based on digital signal processor Granted publication date: 20110504 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20080723 Record date: 20111221 |
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