CN101221162B - Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring extensometer and method - Google Patents
Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring extensometer and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101221162B CN101221162B CN2008100452713A CN200810045271A CN101221162B CN 101221162 B CN101221162 B CN 101221162B CN 2008100452713 A CN2008100452713 A CN 2008100452713A CN 200810045271 A CN200810045271 A CN 200810045271A CN 101221162 B CN101221162 B CN 101221162B
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Abstract
An extensometer of the transverse strain measurement of a soft rock three-shaft creep test includes a slide ring, two pairs of supporters, two strips of extension arms, two sense elements and two springs. The inside diameter of the slide ring is larger than the outside diameter of an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head after a maximum deformation; the supporters are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the external ring surface of the slide ring; one ends of the two extension arms are hinged with a pair of supporters and the other end is provided with a contact terminal and a spring hook; one ends of the two sense elements are respectively fixed on two supporters and the other end is fixed at the end part of the hinged end of the extension arms hinged with the supporters; the two ends of the two springs are respectively connected with the spring hooks arranged on the two strips of extension arms; the hinged end between the two supporters and the two extension arms is provided with an extension arm locating hole and allocated with a locating pin. A method of the transverse strain measurement of a soft rock three-shaft creep test uses the extensometer of the structure for measuring and the quantity of the extensometer is equal to the quantity of the section to be detected of a soft rock sample.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the transverse strain measuring instrument and the method for test specimen, particularly a kind of instrument and method that is used for soft rock test specimen transverse strain measuring.
Background technology
Soft rock is the bigger rock of a kind of distortion, owing to also do not have to measure the strainometer and the extensometer of 20% above strain so far, therefore, in normal confined pressure triaxial test, measurement for the horizontal large deformation of soft rock, the following two kinds of methods of general employing: (1) indirect measurement method by measuring the volume change (being the discharge rate of the indoor fluid of gaging pressure) and the axial deflection of rock sample, calculates the transversely deforming amount of soft rock.The final transversely deforming of measuring sample after (2) test is finished.The problem that above-mentioned these two kinds of methods exist is: what the former measured is the average transverse distortion of soft rock, and the transverse strain that measures with ordinary test has certain difference; The latter then can not measure the transverse strain of each stage sample in the process of the test.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and be used for extending of the horizontal large-deformation measuring of soft rock three axis creep test and take into account the transverse strain measuring method, with the transverse strain of each stage soft rock sample in the experiment with measuring process exactly.
Extensometer of the present invention comprises slip ring, support, the arm of extending, sensitive element and spring; Slip ring is one, the external diameter of its internal diameter after (the maximum radial distortion of going up push-down head is calculated according to the peak load of its elastic constant and testing machine or actual measurement is determined) greater than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion, with guarantee slip ring in measuring process along axially being free to slide of seaming chuck and/or push-down head, its axial height and wall thickness do not have strict demand; Support is two pairs, and symmetry is installed in the outer ring surface both sides of slip ring and is connected with slip ring; The arm of extending is two, two extend ends of arm are hinged with one pair of support respectively, two other ends of extending arm all are equipped with contact and spring carrier arm, (take all factors into consideration according to the position of sample dimensions, linear deformation scope, measurement section by the length of the arm of extending perpendicular to the arm installation of extending for described contact, can design the arm of extending of different length, to satisfy the needs of measuring); Sensitive element is two, and an end of two sensitive elements is separately fixed on the two stands, and the other end of two sensitive elements is fixed on the hinged end end with the hinged arm of extending of described support; Spring is two, the two ends of two springs respectively be installed in two spring carrier arms on the arm of extending and be connected; On the two stands and two hinged ends of extending arm be provided with and extend the arm pilot hole and be equipped with register pin.
Experiment shows that the preferred version of slip ring internal diameter is: the external diameter big 0.1mm～1mm of slip ring internal diameter after than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion.
Sensitive element in the above-mentioned extensometer is made of elastic body and the resistance strain gage that is attached on the elastic body, and during assembling, elastomeric two ends are connected with the hinged end end of support with the arm of extending respectively.Described elastic body is arc body or flat body.
The arm of extending in the above-mentioned extensometer is rectangular rod body or circular rod-shaped body.
Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring method of the present invention must use extensometer of the present invention to measure, and the quantity of extensometer is identical with the quantity of soft rock test specimen section to be measured, and operation steps is as follows:
(1) the soft rock test specimen is placed between the seaming chuck of testing machine and the push-down head and overlap upper sleeve gasket;
(2) slip ring sleeve with extensometer is contained in seaming chuck or/and on the push-down head;
(3) extract register pin on the extensometer, make the arm of extending of extensometer be in rotatable state;
(4) two contacts of extending the arm end are adjusted to the section part to be measured of soft rock test specimen, the resilient ring that two springs are formed is enclosed within on the soft rock test specimen;
(5) service test machine, seaming chuck and push-down head are exerted pressure to the soft rock test specimen, soft rock test specimen axial compression, lateral expansion causes the arm of extending around rotating with the hinged place of support, causes the elastic body distortion of sensitive element and causes that the resistance strain gage resistance of sensitive element changes, adopt the resistance strain measurement method (to see " rock mass test and detection " the 3rd chapter then, Cheng Jiulong etc. write, Earthquake Press, 2000) obtain the transverse strain value of soft rock test specimen.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, to measure range big for extensometer of the present invention, the measurement of transverse strain when having guaranteed soft rock generation large deformation, and the transverse strain of each stage soft rock sample in the experiment with measuring process exactly.
2, use the different extensometer of a plurality of arm lengths of extending, can measure the transverse strain of a plurality of sections on the test specimen simultaneously.
3, extensometer of the present invention is simple in structure, is easy to make, and the method for the invention is easy and simple to handle, is easy to grasp.
4, the present invention has filled up the blank that the soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain electronics is measured automatically.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of extensometer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the B-B cut-open view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is another structural representation of extensometer of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of sensitive element;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is another structural representation of sensitive element;
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of Fig. 7;
When Fig. 9 is the soft rock three axis creep test transverse strain measuring, the mounting means figure of test specimen and extensometer.
Among the figure, 1-slip ring, 2-support, 3-extend arm, 4-contact, 5-spring carrier arm, 6-sensitive element, 7-register pin, 8-hinge, 9-spring, 10-extend arm pilot hole, 11-elastic body, 12-resistance strain gage, 13-seaming chuck, 14-extensometer I, 15-soft rock test specimen, 16-extensometer II, 17-extensometer III, 18-push-down head.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the structure of extensometer such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 comprise slip ring 1, support 2, the arm 3 of extending, contact 4, spring carrier arm 5, sensitive element 6, register pin 7, hinge 8 and spring 9.Slip ring 1 is one, the external diameter big 1mm of its internal diameter after than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion (calculates according to the elastic constant of last push-down head and the peak load of testing machine, the radially maximum distortion of last push-down head is 0.5mm), axial height 10mm, wall thickness 2mm, manufacturing materials is aluminium alloy or titanium alloy; Support 2 is two pairs, and structure is box-section tubular structure, and manufacturing materials is aluminium alloy or titanium alloy, hinge 8 is installed on it and is provided with the arm pilot hole 10 of extending, and the two stands 180 ° of symmetries of being separated by are installed in the outer ring surface both sides of slip ring 1 and are connected with slip ring; The arm 3 of extending is two, be shaped as the rectangular rod body, manufacturing materials is aluminium alloy or titanium alloy, two extend arm an end respectively with the hinge 8 hinged (promptly the hinge of extend arm and one pair of support is hinged) of one pair of support, two other ends of extending arm all are equipped with contact 4 and spring carrier arm 5, described contact 4 is installed perpendicular to the arm of extending, and two hinged ends of extending arm are provided with the pilot hole of and coupling corresponding with the pilot hole 10 on the support 2; Spring 9 is two, the two ends of two springs respectively be installed in two spring carrier arms 5 on the arm of extending and be connected, form resilient ring, as shown in Figure 3; Sensitive element 6 is made of elastic body 11 and the resistance strain gage 12 that is attached on the elastic body, and elastic body 11 is the arc plates, respectively pastes a resistance strain gage on two cambered surfaces of described arc plates, as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6; Sensitive element 6 is two, one of the arm configuration of extending, and during installation, an end of elastic body 11 is fixed on the madial wall of support 2, and the other end of elastic body 11 is fixed on the hinged end end sides with the hinged arm 3 of extending of described support, as shown in Figure 1; Register pin 7 is two, article one, one of the arm of extending configuration, when extensometer is in off working state, two register pins 7 are inserted two respectively extend in the pilot hole of arm and two stands, the arm of extending is fixed, do not rotate, when extensometer is in running order, take out two register pins, the arm of extending is rotated under the effect of sample, cause elastic body 11 distortion.
In the present embodiment, designed the different series of the length arm of extending as required.
In the present embodiment, the structure of extensometer as shown in Figure 4, difference from Example 1 is: external diameter big 0.5mm, the axial height 5mm of the internal diameter of (1) slip ring 1 after than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion; Article (2) two, that extends arm 3 is shaped as the circular rod-shaped body; (3) elastic body 11 of formation sensitive element 6 is straight plates, as Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, during installation, an end of elastic body 11 is fixed on the bottom backing plate of support 2, the other end of elastic body 11 is fixed on the hinged end end with the hinged arm 3 of extending of described support, as shown in Figure 4.
In the present embodiment, use the different extensometer of the three cover embodiment 1 described arm lengths of extending to measure the transverse strain of three sections of soft rock simultaneously, mounting means as shown in Figure 9; Before official test, with strainmeter and standard displacement meter extensometer is demarcated, draw the relation of strain and displacement.
Test operating procedure is as follows:
(1) soft rock test specimen 15 is placed between the seaming chuck 13 of testing machine and the push-down head 18 and overlap upper sleeve gasket;
(2) slip ring 1 with each cover extensometer is sleeved on seaming chuck 13 or the push-down head 18;
(3) extract the register pin 7 that respectively overlaps on the extensometer, make the arm 3 of extending that respectively overlaps extensometer be in rotatable state;
(4) two contacts 4 of extending the arm end with each cover extensometer are adjusted to the section part to be measured of soft rock test specimen 15, and the resilient ring that two springs 9 are formed is enclosed within on the soft rock test specimen;
(5) service test machine, seaming chuck 13 and 18 pairs of soft rock test specimens 15 of push-down head are exerted pressure, soft rock test specimen 15 axial compression, lateral expansion, cause the arm 3 of extending that respectively overlaps extensometer to rotate around hinge 8, cause elastic body 11 distortion of sensitive element and cause that the resistance of the resistance strain gage 12 of sensitive element changes, adopt the resistance strain measurement method to obtain the transverse strain value of three sections of soft rock test specimen 15 then.
Claims (5)
1. the extensometer of a soft rock three axis creep test transverse strain measuring is characterized in that described extensometer comprises slip ring (1), support (2), the arm of extending (3), sensitive element (6) and spring (9);
Slip ring (1) is one, the external diameter of slip ring internal diameter after greater than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion; Support (2) is two pairs, and symmetry is installed in the outer ring surface both sides of slip ring (1) and is connected with slip ring; The arm (3) of extending is two, and an extend end and the support of arm is hinged, and an end and another support of another arm of extending are hinged, and two other ends of extending arm all are equipped with contact (4) and spring carrier arm (5), and described contact (4) is installed perpendicular to the arm of extending; Sensitive element (6) is two, and an end of a sensitive element is fixed on the support, and an end of another sensitive element is fixed on another support, and the other end of two sensitive elements is fixed on the hinged end end with the hinged arm of extending (3) of respective holder (2); Spring (9) is two, and the spring carrier arm (5) that every spring one end and is extended on the arm is connected, and the other end is connected with spring carrier arm (5) on another arm of extending; Two stands (2) upward is provided with two hinged ends of extending arm (3) and extends arm pilot hole (10) and be equipped with register pin (7).
2. the extensometer of soft rock three axis creep test transverse strain measuring according to claim 1 is characterized in that the big 0.1mm～1mm of external diameter after slip ring (1) internal diameter is than seaming chuck and push-down head maximum distortion.
3. the extensometer of soft rock three axis creep test transverse strain measuring according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that sensitive element (6) is made of elastic body (11) and the resistance strain gage (12) that is attached on the elastic body, the two ends of elastic body (11) are connected with the hinged end end of support (2) and the arm of extending (3) respectively.
4. the extensometer of soft rock three axis creep test transverse strain measuring according to claim 3 is characterized in that elastic body (11) is arc body or flat body.
5. a soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring method is characterized in that using the described arbitrary extensometer of claim 1 to 4 to measure, and the quantity of extensometer is identical with the quantity of soft rock test specimen section to be measured, and operation steps is as follows:
(1) soft rock test specimen (15) is placed between the seaming chuck (13) of testing machine and the push-down head (18) and overlap upper sleeve gasket;
(2) slip ring (1) with extensometer is sleeved on seaming chuck (13) or the push-down head (18);
(3) extract register pin (7) on the extensometer, make the arm of extending (3) of extensometer be in rotatable state;
(4) two contacts (4) of extending arm (3) end are adjusted to the section part to be measured of soft rock test specimen (15), the resilient ring that two springs (9) are formed is enclosed within on the soft rock test specimen (15);
(5) service test machine, seaming chuck (13) and push-down head (18) are exerted pressure to soft rock test specimen (15), soft rock test specimen axial compression, lateral expansion, cause the arm of extending (3) around rotating with the hinged place of support, cause the elastic body (11) of sensitive element to be out of shape and to cause that resistance strain gage (12) resistance of sensitive element changes, adopt the resistance strain measurement method to obtain the transverse strain value of soft rock test specimen then.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100452713A CN101221162B (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2008-01-28 | Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring extensometer and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008100452713A CN101221162B (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2008-01-28 | Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring extensometer and method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101221162A CN101221162A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN101221162B true CN101221162B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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| CN2008100452713A Expired - Fee Related CN101221162B (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2008-01-28 | Soft rock large deformation three axis creep test transverse strain measuring extensometer and method |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101650281B (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2011-06-08 | 长安大学 | Extensometer having double-cantilever structure |
| CN103278131B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2015-09-30 | 东北大学 | A kind of axial deformation of rock sample measuring method |
| CN103994716B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-06-29 | 东北大学 | A kind of distributed rock deformation measuring method |
| CN106537081B (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2020-12-01 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | Automatic transverse strain extensometer architecture |
| CN105891038A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2016-08-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Triaxial loading calibrator for industrial CT and calibration process |
| CN108760527B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2023-10-13 | 四川大学 | On-line monitoring equipment and monitoring method for self-ice melting wire embedded with heating material |
| CN109974657A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | 威海汇智机电科技有限公司 | A kind of connecting device for sensor and average value extensometer of average value extensometer |
| CN111829431A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Sector section arc-alignment online monitoring method |
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