CN101213697A - 用于燃料电池的过滤装置 - Google Patents

用于燃料电池的过滤装置 Download PDF

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CN101213697A
CN101213697A CNA2006800241694A CN200680024169A CN101213697A CN 101213697 A CN101213697 A CN 101213697A CN A2006800241694 A CNA2006800241694 A CN A2006800241694A CN 200680024169 A CN200680024169 A CN 200680024169A CN 101213697 A CN101213697 A CN 101213697A
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K·莱斯特
V·许克尔
D·欣腾朗
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Carl Freudenberg KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于清洁燃料电池供给空气的过滤装置(1),其包括至少两个过滤层(2,3),其中第一过滤层(2)设计成粗过滤器而第二过滤层(3)设计成细过滤器,其特征在于,第二过滤层(3)包括驻极体过滤材料。

Description

用于燃料电池的过滤装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于清洁燃料电池供给空气的过滤(器)装置/结构,其包括至少两个过滤层,第一过滤层设计为粗过滤器,而第二过滤层设计为细过滤器。此外,本发明包括用于输送燃料电池气体的装置。
背景技术
由DE 102 30 283 A1已知这种过滤装置。其中所示的过滤装置适于从供给空气中一方面除去颗粒、另一方面除去诸如有害气体和(气体)悬浮粒之类的其它成分。在第一过滤层中将颗粒分离出来,而第二过滤层用于除去悬浮粒。为此,提出将第二过滤层设计为具有电离作用的静电过滤器。电磁过滤方法特别适用于过滤含盐的悬浮粒。使用静电过滤器存在需要辅助能量来建立工作用电磁场的缺点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是获得一种适于在没有附加的辅助能量的情况下过滤悬浮粒、特别是含盐悬浮粒并且能容易地更换的过滤装置。
该问题以权利要求1和7的特征来解决。从属权利要求涉及有利的改进。
为了解决该问题,第二过滤层包括驻极体过滤材料。将各种聚合物纤维混合在一起并用针使其硬化以产生驻极体过滤材料。由于剧烈的摩擦,呈现出不同电负性的纤维被静电充电至不同程度并从而变得具有静电过滤性能。这样第二过滤层由带正电和负电的各条纤维的混合物形成。也可用热工艺或喷水工艺来使聚合物纤维硬化。那么静电充电可通过等离子处理来进行。包括被静电充电的纤维的过滤材料一般被认为是驻极体过滤材料。特别有利的是,能用驻极体过滤材料以小的压力损失过滤细微颗粒。由于静电相互作用,在过滤效率相同的情况下孔隙可被设计为比过滤材料不带电的情况下(的孔隙)大。驻极体过滤材料具有静电过滤性能而无需供应辅助能量。
这种过滤媒介能以简单的手段布置在供给的空气流中并且能容易地更换。驻极体过滤材料使用寿命长并且成本低。对于根据本发明的过滤装置,被设计成粗过滤器的第一过滤层布置在被设计成细过滤器的第二过滤层的上游。因此,较粗的颗粒首先在第一过滤层中被分离出来。借助于静电设备进行的细微颗粒的分离、尤其是含盐悬浮粒的分离发生在第二过滤层中。悬浮粒在这里是指存在于气相中的固体或液体颗粒。所述过滤装置特别紧凑。
第一过滤层和/或第二过滤层可由非织造织物制成。非织造织物成本低、易于生产、且适应在材料、纤维直径和单位面积重量的选择方面的各种要求。非织造织物优选地由塑料例如聚酯、聚烯烃和/或聚丙烯腈制成。通过不同的生产方法,非织造织物可具有不同的性质,例如适用于过滤不同尺寸的颗粒以及过滤特定的化学成分。非织造织物可配备有例如离子交换剂,以便能够根据性质过滤碱性或酸性气体,例如NH3或SO2
过滤层能以牢固地结合的方式接合在一起。这样过滤层刚性地接合在一起,从而相接合的过滤层能特别容易地被组装和更换。在其它实施例中,过滤层还能以键锁合(keyed)和/或摩擦锁合的方式接合在一起。由于两个过滤层的接合,过滤装置的固有刚度也有所提高。由于一方面通过接合提高了固有刚度,另一方面因使用驻极体过滤材料而使过滤装置的压力损失较低,因此不需要附加的支承网。为了进一步提高固有刚度,可将过滤层嵌入由塑料注射成型制成的框架中。
过滤层可被焊接在一起。它们例如可通过超声波焊接以低成本且无需附加的辅助材料地接合在一起。
过滤层可被设计成冲压件。冲压件能以简单直接的方式和多种形状被生产出来。
过滤层能沿着边缘以牢固地结合的方式接合在一起。这种边缘的牢固地结合的接合、特别是焊接能与冲压在一个步骤中进行。由此可获得尽可能大的过滤面积。
所述问题的另一个解决方案是用于输送燃料电池气体的装置,其至少包括第一过滤装置,其中该第一过滤装置配设有气体输送装置和至少一个后接过滤装置(further filter arrangement)。颗粒和液体悬浮粒被保留在位于气体输送装置上游的根据本发明的过滤装置中。其它成分由后接过滤装置保留。这些(成分)可以是来自环境的有害气体,但是也可以是气体输送装置的液体成分、气体成分或颗粒成分。气体输送装置的典型排放物例如为润滑油或液压油以及软化剂、分离剂(parting agent)和由磨损引起的颗粒成分。后接过滤装置保留这些成分并保护下游的燃料电池不受这些成分的损害。
后接过滤装置可包括化学过滤器。通过化学过滤器能从供给空气或气体输送装置中除去会损害下游的燃料电池的有害气体。
后接过滤装置可包括活性碳(活性炭,activated carbon)层。根据配备,活性碳形成吸附过滤器和/或吸收过滤器。活性碳适于过滤各种化学成分以及颗粒。也可在后接过滤装置中设置其它吸附剂。它们可通过物理吸附或化学吸附起作用。例如可想到浸渍碳棒、二氧化硅、硅酸铝、氧化铝或离子交换剂。后接过滤装置可附加地包括上游和/或下游的颗粒过滤器。在此背景下,还可想到活性碳层包括活性碳纤维和/或活性碳粒。
所述过滤装置或所述燃料电池中的装置在机动设备(mobile device)中使用是有利的。在机动设备以及此处尤其是在海上设备或近海设备中使用是特别有利的,这是因为所述过滤装置一方面不需要任何辅助能量,另一方面特别紧凑。所述过滤装置和所述装置可柔性地设置在紧凑的燃料电池单元中。
此外,根据本发明的过滤装置配备成用于过滤含盐的和载有颗粒的供给空气。过滤装置可设计得紧凑和易于更换。在此背景下,也可想到在固定不动的设备中的应用。根据场所,不动产例如受到严重的悬浮粒污染。所述过滤装置和所述装置能有效地用于解决该问题。
附图说明
下面借助于附图更详细地说明几个实施例。在附图中,
图1示意性地示出过滤装置;以及
图2示意性地示出机动设备中的装置。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于清洁燃料电池供给空气的过滤装置1。过滤装置1布置在燃料电池8的供给空气流9中。过滤装置1包括两个由非织造织物制成的过滤层2、3。第一过滤层2由聚烯烃非织造织物制成并设计成用于过滤粗颗粒的粗过滤器。第二过滤层3由驻极体过滤材料制成并设计成用于过滤较细颗粒、尤其是含盐悬浮粒的细过滤器。驻极体过滤材料由聚丙烯纤维和聚丙烯腈纤维的混合物形成并具有由聚酯制成的支承性非织造织物。这两个过滤层2、3设计成平的。在其它实施例中,过滤层2、3尤其是第一过滤层2也可设计成折叠的过滤器。通过冲压形成这两个过滤层2、3,其中在此实施例中,在冲压过程中过滤层2、3的边缘4被焊接并由此以牢固地结合的方式相接合。也可通过超声波焊接使过滤层2、3接合。组装好的过滤装置1的厚度在此实施例中小于15mm并由此特别紧凑。
图2示出用于输送燃料电池气体的装置5。所述装置包括过滤装置1、位于过滤装置1下游的气体输送装置6以及位于气体输送装置6下游的后接过滤装置7。过滤装置1分别包括两个由非织造织物制成的过滤层2、3。第一过滤层2由聚烯烃非织造织物制成并设计成用于过滤较粗颗粒的粗过滤器。第二过滤层3由驻极体过滤材料制成并设计成用于过滤较细颗粒、尤其是含盐悬浮粒的细过滤器。在此实施例中,气体输送装置6构造成隔膜泵。后接过滤装置7包括由活性碳层形成的化学过滤器。来自气体输送装置6的排放物以及其它有害气体由后接过滤装置7保留。此外,其它成分的排放物、例如会导致燃料电池8过早磨损的来自塑料的软化剂也可被过滤。装置5布置在燃料电池8的空气供给线路9中。燃料电池8装配在机动设备中,在本实施例中该机动设备是船只,例如帆船。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于清洁燃料电池供给空气的过滤装置(1),包括至少两个过滤层(2,3),其中第一过滤层(2)设计成粗过滤器而第二过滤层(3)设计成细过滤器,其特征在于,所述第二过滤层(3)包括驻极体过滤材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一过滤层(2)和/或所述第二过滤层(3)由非织造织物制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述过滤层(2,3)以牢固地结合的方式接合在一起。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述过滤层(2,3)焊接在一起。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述过滤层(2,3)形成为冲压件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述过滤层(2,3)沿着边缘(4)以牢固地结合的方式接合在一起。
7.一种用于输送燃料电池气体的装置(5),该装置至少包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的第一过滤装置(1),其中该第一过滤装置(1)配设有气体输送装置(6)和至少一个后接过滤装置(7)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,沿着气流方向在所述第一过滤装置(1)的下游布置有气体输送装置(6),至少一个后接过滤装置(7)接在该气体输送装置(6)之后。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述后接过滤装置(7)包括化学过滤器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述后接过滤装置(7)包括活性碳层。
CN2006800241694A 2005-07-01 2006-06-22 用于燃料电池的过滤装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101213697B (zh)

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