CN101205856B - Thin-phase combustion method for realizing low-emission of diesel engine and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Thin-phase combustion method for realizing low-emission of diesel engine and apparatus thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101205856B
CN101205856B CN2006101655449A CN200610165544A CN101205856B CN 101205856 B CN101205856 B CN 101205856B CN 2006101655449 A CN2006101655449 A CN 2006101655449A CN 200610165544 A CN200610165544 A CN 200610165544A CN 101205856 B CN101205856 B CN 101205856B
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piston
duct
chamber
diesel engine
air
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CN101205856A (en
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梁世强
刘石
姜凡
李志宏
陈琪
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Zhongkesido Nanjing Energy Storage Technology Co ltd
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

The invention provides a dilute phase combustion method for realizing low emission of diesel engine and a device thereof, wherein the diesel fuel is ejected into the high temperature high pressure synthetic gas for pre evaporation and then mixes with the compressed excess air for combustion; the synthetic gas is made by using the afterheat of the diesel scavenging air to catalyze and crack the carbinol; the pre evaporation process of the diesel fuel is completed in a pre evaporation chamber, a pore piston is arranged between the pre evaporation chamber and the combustion chamber and controls the communication and the break of two spaces; when the air compression is close to the end, the pore piston opens the pore canal and is instantly lifted to the top part of a cylinder due to the impactof the great air differential pressure and the driving of the sliding control bar, which presses the gas in the pre evaporation chamber into the combustion chamber to mix with the air for combustion. The invention has the advantages of reducing the NOx emission of the diesel engine by more than 95 percent and PM by more than 60 percent, keeping relatively low HC and CO emission, overcoming defect s existing in prior dilute phase combustion diesel engine of the narrow operating range, the low compression ratio and uneasy control of the fire ignition angle, etc.

Description

A kind of dilute phase combustion method and device thereof of realizing the diesel engine low emission
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dilute phase combustion method that can realize technologies for low emissions of diesel engines.
The invention still further relates to the device of realizing said method.
Background technique
The efficient of diesel engine can save energy 30% up to 33~42% than petrol engine, but along with the Abgasgesetz of countries in the world is strict day by day, conventional diesel engine faces great challenge.The major pollutants of diesel engine vent gas are nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), and the formation condition of NOx is high-temperature oxygen-enriched, and the main cause that PM generates is because oil gas mixes the inhomogeneous local anoxic that causes.At present, realize that the basic skills of low NOx of diesel engine and PM discharging is the dilute phase burning, promptly adopt high air-fuel ratio, to reduce local anoxic, to reduce combustion temperature.The generation of fuel and Air mixing degree and mixing quality and pollutant has direct relation, so all or part of premixing of fuel is the common practice of current various lean-burn diesel engines.But major defects such as premixed and homogenized ignition by compression exists that compression ratio is low, range of operation is narrow, the angle of catching fire and rate of burning are wayward, and because there is poor Flammability limits, the dilute phase burning of diesel oil can cause the discharging of HC and CO to raise.
Except dilute phase burning, also have some technology also can effectively reduce exhaust emissions of diesel engine, for example, Chinese invention patent 02131308.3 using plasma cracking device with gas oil pyrolysis for being rich in H 2With CO gas, mix diesel combustion by a certain percentage, can reduce diesel engine vent gas NOx content, and make the motor internal combustion more abundant, reduce HC and CO.
Methyl alcohol is paid close attention in present stage as alternative fuel very much, but mix burn methyl alcohol or directly burning methanol can cause engine power to descend and alcohol aldehyde discharges and exceeds standard, be that to enter engine combustion again be a kind of desirable mode of utilizing to synthetic gas with methanol decomposition.Chinese invention patent CN1779218 utilizes engine exhaust heat to realize the methanol decomposition reaction, also there is patent 85109487.2 to propose to utilize engine exhaust heat cracking hydrocarbon fuel to generate hydrogen-rich gas before this, mix the method that gasoline or diesel oil enter engine combustion, it is energy-conservation remarkable with environment protection effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dilute phase combustion method of realizing the diesel engine low emission.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the device of realizing said method.
For achieving the above object, technological scheme of the present invention is to make diesel oil prevapourising in the synthetic gas of High Temperature High Pressure, burn with the non-premixed dilute phase of excess compressed air mixed combustion again, this method can effectively reduce the content of pollutants such as NOx in the diesel engine vent gas, particulate matter, unburned carbon hydride (HC) and CO, has overcome that dilute phase burning diesel oil machine range of operation is narrow, compression ratio is low and the uppity shortcoming of the angle of catching fire.
Specifically, the dilute phase combustion method of realization diesel engine provided by the invention low emission comprises the steps:
A) waste heat that utilizes diesel engine exhaust makes methyl alcohol generation catalytic cracking reaction as main thermal source, generates and is rich in H 2With the synthetic gas of CO, about 400~500 ℃ of its temperature, the about 2~3MPa of pressure;
B) the described synthetic gas of steps A is mixed by weight 5~25:1 diffusion with diesel oil, make most of diesel oil be dispersed in gas phase with steam or aerocolloidal form;
C) ratio according to the about 40~60:1 of air fuel ratio sucks excess air, forms fuel mixture, and it is compressed to air pressure near about 1.5 times of fuel mixtures;
D) the fuel mixture extruding is entered firing chamber and air mixing, continued compression until the work by combustion of fighting by piston;
E) after work by combustion was finished, waste gas was wherein discharged; Enter new round circulation after finishing.
Described method, wherein, the condition of methyl alcohol generation catalytic cracking reaction is 260~390 ℃, 1~2MPa.
The device that is used to realize said method provided by the invention, its structure is:
One methanol catalytic cracking device is connected with diesel engine exhaust, is that waste heat reacts the methyl alcohol in the methanol catalytic cracking device with the exhaust of this outlet pipe, generates synthetic gas;
The cylinder head space of diesel engine is provided with a tool hole piston that the duct is arranged, and cylinder is divided into up and down two spaces, and this tool hole piston, scavenges and to firing chamber extruded fuel mixed gas to sliding up and down along cylinder axis;
Space between tool hole piston and the cylinder cap is the prevapourising chamber, and the space between tool hole piston and the piston is as the firing chamber; The hole piston of wherein having is made of top layer and two parts of bottom, and top layer is the cylindrical piston that is distributed with identical duct with underlying component; The fixing angle of top layer parts rotation can overlap with the duct of underlying component with staggered, isolates with the connected sum of realizing prevapourising chamber and firing chamber;
Cylinder head is provided with an intake duct and oil nozzle respectively in the earthing mutually with the prevapourising chamber, and synthetic gas injects the prevapourising chamber by intake duct, and diesel oil injects the prevapourising chamber by oil nozzle.
Described device, wherein, methanol catalytic cracking device when cold start-up or waste heat quantity not sufficient by the auxiliary thermal source heat supply.
Described device, wherein, auxiliary thermal source is an electric furnace.
Described device, wherein, the top layer parts are by the rotation control rod rotary driving.
Described device, wherein, when top layer parts and underlying component phase angle differed, the duct overlapped; When the phase angle was identical, the position, duct was interlaced, the duct closure.
Described device, wherein, tool hole piston is controlled by sliding controling rod, make tool hole piston along cylinder axis to sliding up and down.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, H 2Wide with the CO Flammability limits, rate of burning is fast, a large amount of H 2Can make flame temperature keep stable with the existence of CO, make unthickened fuel fully burning under relatively low temperature, not produce harmful coal smoke, remarkable result be arranged for the discharging that reduces PM and NOx.Simultaneously, H 2Increase the reducing atmosphere in the cylinder with CO, helped suppressing the generation of NOx, and the NOx reduction that part has been generated, thereby the NOx discharging reduced.
2, diesel oil sprays into synthetic gas, both has been able to preheating, and longer time evaporation diffusion is arranged again, compares with traditional direct spray type fuel system, and the gasification of fuel oil degree is much higher.The process of fuel mixture and air mixing is gas basically and the mixing of gas, and diffusion rate spreads faster in air than mist of oil, thereby proportions of ingredients is more abundant.In addition, the huge pressure reduction of air and fuel mixture, tool hole piston help all to the leading role of mixed gas etc. to the extruding of fuel mixture and piston duct that the space forms the turbulent flow flow field that accelerating gas mixes in cylinder.Above-mentioned factor makes the oil gas mixing quality improve greatly, near premixed level, helps to reduce exhaust emissions, and it is about 60% to reduce PM, and keeps lower HC and CO discharging.
3, owing to air just contacts near the compression terminal point with fuel, can effectively avoid the phenomenon of catching fire in advance that occurs in the premix homogeneous compression-ignition, make catch fire angle and rate of burning be easy to control, thereby expanded range of operation, overcome the not high shortcoming of dilute phase burning diesel oil machine compression ratio.
4, utilize the online H of producing of system's waste heat 2, obtained high-grade fuel, improved overall thermal efficient, and reduced the diesel oil oil consumption because mixing burning methanol decomposition synthetic gas.
5, adopt high air-fuel ratio, and comprehensive above-mentioned various favorable factors, can realize the NOx minimum discharge, lower more than 95% than original.
6, device volume compactness is fit to do on-board engine, is specially adapted to the ground distributed energy supply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of diesel engine of the present invention and match equipment.Number in the figure is represented: I-diesel engine, II-three-effect catalysis unit, III-methanol pump, IV-methanol catalytic cracking device, V-assistant heating electric furnace, VI-noise reduction fire extinguisher, VII-solenoid valve, VIII-diesel pump; 1-firing chamber, 2-piston, 3-cylinder wall, 4-suction valve, 5-air valve, 6-cooling water passage sent, 7-prevapourising chamber, 8-tool hole piston underlying component, 9-duct, 10-tool hole piston top layer parts, 11-cylinder cap, 12-oil nozzle, 13-air inlet duct, 14-rotation control rod, 15-sliding controling rod.
Fig. 2 is an example of tool of the present invention hole piston.Number in the figure is represented: 10-piston top layer parts (being 10 among Fig. 1), 112-top layer duct, 113-bottom duct, 114-rotation control rod connecting rod, 115-sliding controling rod connecting rod.When tool hole piston up and down during the phase angle phase difference of pi of two parts/8, the position, duct overlaps, and the duct is open; When the phase angle was identical, the position, duct was interlaced, the duct closure.
Embodiment
The present invention can make fuel mix preferably with air under the not premixed situation of fuel and air, and keeps metastable flame temperature and higher rate of burning under the poor condition of lighting the passion, thereby realizes reducing the purpose of exhaust emissions of diesel engine comprehensively.
Delivery temperature can reach about 500 ℃ during the diesel engine proper functioning, and the heat of taking away approximately can account for 30% of fuel value.The present invention utilizes this waste gas residual heat that the methyl alcohol catalytic pyrolysis is made synthetic gas, and its main component is H 2And CO, have certain temperature (about 400~500 ℃) and pressure (about 2~3MPa).Diesel oil, mixes with synthetic gas in synthetic gas by weight the ratio high-pressure injection of 5~25:1, makes most of diesel oil be subjected to thermal evaporation formation steam or aerosol.Ratio according to the about 40~60:1 of air fuel ratio sucks excess air, be compressed to air pressure near about 1.5 times of fuel mixtures, realize fuel mixture and air mixing in cylinder by specific control gear, continue compression when mixing and bring out the diesel oil multiple spot to catch fire, mixed gas is burnt while spreading, emit heat and promote the piston acting.
The invention allows for the isolated plant of realizing above-mentioned combustion method: on the basis of conventional, four-stroke diesel engine, increase the piston with duct on cylinder top, the opening in this duct can be controlled with closed; When the duct was closed, the space was separated into two parts in the cylinder, and a part of space is used for realizing the prevapourising process of diesel oil at synthetic gas, and another part space is used for pressurized air; When the duct was open, tool hole piston can be promoted to cylinder head, and the space that is separated unites two into one, can realize air and fuel mixture diffusion, mix and combustion process.
The same with the conventional, four-stroke diesel engine, that the piston running of diesel engine of the present invention has also comprised is air-breathing, compression, acting and four strokes of exhaust, and difference mainly is the operation of the tool hole piston of cylinder head.Concrete working procedure following (please in conjunction with Fig. 1):
1) after exhaust stroke was finished, suction valve 4 rose, and at this moment, piston 2 stop just from it is descending, and along with descent of piston, air flows into cylinder, and descent of piston is to lower dead center, and suction valve cuts out, and suction stroke is finished;
2) under the inertial force effect, piston stroking upward is extremely near near a certain moment the top dead center, the cylinder inner air pressure is about about 3MPa (looks concrete compression ratio operating mode difference), start rotating driving device, with the pulse motor drive transmission (for example: gear), driving rotation control rod 14 rotates, and then (the concrete distribution form in window road is determined to drive tool hole piston top layer parts 10 rotations one special angle, situation as shown in Figure 2, this angle is made as π/8), tool hole piston is overlapped in the duct 9 of two-layer parts up and down, be that the duct is open, simultaneously, with transmission devices such as pulse motor driving cam or gears, driving sliding controling rod 15 rises, by the gas differential pressure in firing chamber 1 and 7 two spaces, prevapourising chamber, with tool hole piston 8,10 are promoted to by its lower dead center and are close to cylinder cap 11 inwalls, make prevapourising indoor gas passing hole channel be squeezed into the firing chamber, because the indoor fuel gas of prevapourising through pre-thermal evaporation, can produce the many places point of ignition in the moment that contacts with high temperature air; Piston then continues to go upward to top dead center, and compression stroke is finished; Mechanisms such as relevant drive unit and transmission device are known technology, therefore are not described in detail, and also do not recommend accompanying drawing.
3) mixed gas burns while spreading in the firing chamber, emit heat and promote descent of piston, rotating driving device makes piston duct, tool hole closure at the descent of piston primary starting, when the pressure of the approaching outside methanol decomposition synthetic gas of cylinder internal air pressure, opens solenoid valve VII, make synthetic gas inject the prevapourising chamber, and promote tool hole descent of piston until its lower dead center, and be locked by sliding controling rod 15 by its pressure by air inlet duct 13, continue to feed synthetic gas to setting pressure, be generally about 2MPa; Descent of piston is to lower dead center, and expansion stroke is finished;
4) outlet valve 5 rises, and piston changes over to uply by descending, and waste gas is discharged cylinder, exhaust valve closure, and exhaust stroke is finished; In this process began to piston duct, tool hole relatively long time before open, the variations in the prevapourising chamber 7 were followed successively by: continue to fill synthetic gas, oil spout (by oil nozzle 12 controls) and diffusion, evaporation and the mixing of mist of oil in synthetic gas.
5) after waste gas is discharged, through three-effect catalysis unit II, make HC, CO and PM in the waste gas earlier, and other impurity such as sulphate purified further, the reaction that catalyst unit takes place mainly is exothermic reaction, can improve heat energy from waste gas slightly; Waste gas after the purification enters heat exchanger, and emitting heat is methanol decomposition reaction heat supply, then through noise reduction fire extinguishing discharging; The methyl alcohol heat scission reaction is heat absorption reaction, 260~390 ℃ of reaction temperatures, and pressure 1~2MPa, catalyzer are the commercial goods, and conversion ratio can reach more than 95%, and the pressure of institute's preparing synthetic gas is controlled at 2~3MPa usually and is advisable, and is adjusted to 400~500 ℃ by heat exchange.

Claims (8)

1. a dilute phase combustion method of realizing the diesel engine low emission is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A) waste heat that utilizes diesel engine exhaust makes methyl alcohol generation catalytic cracking reaction as main thermal source, generates and is rich in H 2With the synthetic gas of CO, about 400~500 ℃ of synthetic gas temperature, the about 2~3MPa of pressure;
B) the described synthetic gas of steps A is mixed by weight 5~25: 1 diffusion with diesel oil, make most of diesel oil be dispersed in gas phase with steam or aerocolloidal form;
C) according to air fuel ratio about 40~60: 1 ratio sucks excess air, forms fuel mixture, and fuel mixture is compressed to air pressure about 1.5 times near the preceding fuel mix atmospheric pressure of compression;
D) the fuel mixture extruding is entered firing chamber and air mixing, continued compression until the work by combustion of fighting by piston;
E) after work by combustion was finished, waste gas was wherein discharged; Enter new round circulation after finishing.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein the condition of methyl alcohol generation catalytic cracking reaction is 260~390 ℃, 1~2MPa.
3. realize the device of method according to claim 1 for one kind, its structure is:
One methanol catalytic cracking device is connected with diesel engine exhaust, is that waste heat reacts the methyl alcohol in the methanol catalytic cracking device with the exhaust of this outlet pipe, generates synthetic gas;
The cylinder head space of diesel engine is provided with a tool hole piston that the duct is arranged, and cylinder is divided into up and down two spaces, and this tool hole piston, scavenges and to firing chamber extruded fuel mixed gas to sliding up and down along cylinder axis;
Space between tool hole piston and the cylinder cap is the prevapourising chamber, and the space between tool hole piston and the piston is as the firing chamber; The hole piston of wherein having is made of top layer and two parts of bottom, and top layer is the cylindrical piston that is distributed with identical duct with underlying component; The fixing angle of top layer parts rotation can overlap with the duct of underlying component with staggered, isolates with the connected sum of realizing prevapourising chamber and firing chamber;
Cylinder head is provided with an intake duct and oil nozzle respectively in the earthing mutually with the prevapourising chamber, and synthetic gas injects the prevapourising chamber by intake duct, and diesel oil injects the prevapourising chamber by oil nozzle.
4. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, methanol catalytic cracking device when cold start-up or waste heat quantity not sufficient by the auxiliary thermal source heat supply.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, auxiliary thermal source is an electric furnace.
6. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the top layer parts are by the rotation control rod rotary driving.
7. as claim 3 or 6 described devices, wherein, when top layer parts and underlying component phase angle differed, the duct overlapped; When the phase angle was identical, the position, duct was interlaced, the duct closure.
8. device as claimed in claim 3, wherein, tool hole piston is controlled by sliding controling rod, make tool hole piston along cylinder axis to sliding up and down.
CN2006101655449A 2006-12-21 2006-12-21 Thin-phase combustion method for realizing low-emission of diesel engine and apparatus thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101205856B (en)

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CN101982653B (en) * 2010-10-22 2012-07-25 北京工业大学 Preparation and storage device of reformed gas and control method thereof
CN104310308B (en) * 2014-09-19 2016-03-16 金景达(北京)环保热力科技有限公司 A kind of Multi-function methanol cracking hydrogen production equipment

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