CN101201104B - 控制电力-机械变速器的液压控制回路操作的方法和设备 - Google Patents

控制电力-机械变速器的液压控制回路操作的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101201104B
CN101201104B CN2007101413105A CN200710141310A CN101201104B CN 101201104 B CN101201104 B CN 101201104B CN 2007101413105 A CN2007101413105 A CN 2007101413105A CN 200710141310 A CN200710141310 A CN 200710141310A CN 101201104 B CN101201104 B CN 101201104B
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control system
torque
optionally
electric machinery
pressure control
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CN101201104A (zh
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J·-J·F·萨
A·纳克维
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
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    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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Abstract

提供一种用于电力-机械变速器的控制系统,所述变速器选择性地以多个固定速比模式和连续可变模式中的一种操作,包括第一和第二电力机械和四个液压致动离合器,所述液压致动离合器与包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置、第一和第二流量管理阀的液压回路流体连通。基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度,所述控制系统运行以选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀。

Description

控制电力-机械变速器的液压控制回路操作的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明基本涉及用于电力机械变速器的控制系统,并特别涉及液压回路的控制。
背景技术
动力系结构包括包含内燃机和电机的转矩产生装置,所述装置通过变速器装置向车辆传动系传递转矩。<*这样的一种变速器包括双模式复合分离电动-机械变速器,该变速器采用输入元件用于从代表性地为内燃机的初始移动动力源接收运动转矩,并且采用输出元件用于用于从变速器向车辆传动系传递运动转矩。E1以可操作的方式连接到电能存储装置的电力机械包括电动机/发电机,所述的电动机/发电机可操作以产生用于输入到变速器的独立于从内燃机输入的转矩的运动转矩。电力机械还可操作以将通过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换为存储在电能存储装置中的电势能。控制系统监视来自车辆和驾驶员的各种输入,并且提供动力系统的操作控制,所述操作控制包括:控制变速器档位切换、控制转矩生成装置、并且调节在电能存储装置和电力机械之间的电功率转换。
示例性的电力-机械变速器通过转矩传递离合器的动作可选择地在固定档位模式下或者连续变换模式下操作,通常采用液压回路实现离合器动作。通常由于一个或多个转矩传递离合器的致动,当变速器输出元件的转速是来自发动机的输入元件的转速的固定比率时,固定速比模式产生。当变速器输出元件的转速基于一个或多个电力机械的操作速度是可变时,连续可变模式产生。电力机械可以通过离合器的致动连接到输出轴上,或直接连接。离合器致动或释放通常通过液压回路实现。
执行具有带有液压致动离合器的电力-机械变速器的动力系统的工程师其任务在于,执行变速器控制策略以有效致动转矩传递离合器,同时提供故障检测和软回复(limp-home)能力。这样一种系统将在下文中描述。
发明内容
为了解决提出的问题并且根据本发明的一个实施方式,提供一种用于电力-机械变速器的控制系统,该系统可以在多个固定速比模式和连续可变模式中选择性地操作,所述变速器包括第一和第二电力机械以及四个液压致动离合器,所述离合器与包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置和第一、第二流量管理阀的液压回路流体连通。基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度,控制系统可运行以选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀,其中,基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,来自第一、第二和第三压力控制装置中的每一个的流体输出被选择性地引导到所述四个液压致动离合器和第一、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统中的一个。
本发明的一方面包括变速器,包括可操作以传递转矩的电力-机械装置。所述变速器包括第一和第二电力机械、多个行星齿轮和四个液压致动转矩传递装置,所述转矩传递装置可选择性地采用液压回路致动。液压回路包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置、第一和第二流量管理阀和压力监控装置。包括以控制系统,适于监控压力监控装置以识别存在故障,并且适于确定转矩需求和电力机械的温度。基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度,所述控制系统适于执行计算机程序以通过选择性地致动多个压力控制装置和流量管理阀从而选择性地致动四个转矩传递装置。本发明还提出了一种用于控制电力-机械变速器的方法,所述变速器选择性地在多个固定档位模式和连续可变模式下操作,包括第一和第二电力机械以及四个液压致动离合器,所述液压致动离合器与包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置和第一、第二流量管理阀的液压回路流体连通;所述方法包括:基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械温度,选择性地致动所述压力控制装置和流量管理阀,基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,选择性地引导来自第一、第二和第三压力控制装置中的每一个的流体输出到所述四个液压致动离合器和第一、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统中的一个。本发明还提出了一种用于电力-机械变速器的液压回路的控制系统,所述变速器包括多个行星齿轮、一对电力机械和多个转矩传递装置,并且选择性地以多个固定速比模式和连续可变模式中的一种操作,包括:所述液压回路运行以选择性地控制通向所述多个转矩传递装置和所述一对电力机械的冷却回路的加压流体的流动;所述液压回路包括液压泵,所述液压泵与三个可选择性致动的压力控制螺线管流体连通,所述螺线管与两个可选择性控制的流量控制阀流体连通,所述控制阀与所述多个转矩传递装置和用于冷却所述一对电力机械的冷却回路流体连通;所述控制系统基于转矩输出需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度运行以选择性地致动所述压力控制螺线管和所述两个流量控制阀,其中,基于所述两个流量控制阀的指令位置,来自三个可选择性致动的压力控制螺线管的流体输出被选择性地引导到所述多个转矩传递装置和所述一对电力机械的冷却回路中的一个。
通过阅读和理解下面关于实施方式的具体描述,本发明的这些和其他方面对本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见。
附图说明
本发明可以体现为一定的部分和部分组合的形式,本发明的优选实施方式将会被详细描述并且显示在附图中,所述附图形成本发明的一部分,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的用于控制系统和动力系的示例性构造的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的液压回路的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的坐标图描述;
图5和6是根据本发明的逻辑流程图;以及
图7是根据本发明的坐标图描述。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,所显示的内容仅用于说明本发明的目的,而不是为了对本发明起到限定作用,图1和2描述了包括发动机14、变速器10、控制系统、和传动系的系统,其中,传动系根据本发明的一种实施方式构造。
示例性的变速器10的机械方面在共同转让的名称为“Two-Mode,Compound-Split,Hybrid Electro-Mechanical Transmissionhaving Four Fixed Ratios”的No.6953409号美国专利中详细公开,上述文件以参考的方式引用在此。图1中描述了该体现本发明概念的具有四个固定速比的双模式复合分离混合电动机械变速器,并且整体以附图标记10表示。变速器10具有优选由内燃机14直接驱动的输入轴12。变速器10采用三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,以及四个转矩传递装置,即离合器C170、C262、C373和C475。优选由变速器控制模块17控制的电液控制系统42运行用于控制离合器的接合和释放。离合器C2和C4优选包括液压驱动的转动摩擦离合器。离合器C1和C3优选包括固定在变速器壳体68上的液压驱动的固定装置。
三个行星齿轮组24、26和28每个包括单个行星齿轮组。并且,第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26相互复合,第一行星齿轮组24的内齿轮元件与第二行星齿轮组26的外齿轮元件相连,并且连接到也可称为“MG-A”的包括电动机/发电机56的第一电力机械上。
行星齿轮组24和26还通过下述方式复合:第一行星齿轮组24的行星架36通过轴60与第二行星齿轮组26的行星架44相连。因此,第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26的行星架36和44分别相连。轴60还选择性地通过离合器C262连接到第三齿轮组28的行星架52上。第三行星齿轮组28的行星架52直接连接到变速器的输入元件60。第二齿轮组26的内齿轮元件通过围绕轴60的套轴66连接到第三行星齿轮组28的内齿轮元件上,并且还连接到也可称为“MG-B”的包括电动机/发电机72的第二电力机械上。
所有的行星齿轮组24、26和28以及MG-A和MG-B 56和72都围绕轴向布置的轴60同轴定向。MG-A和MG-B 56和72都是环形结构,这使得它们能够环绕三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,从而所述行星齿轮组24、26和28在MG-A和MG-B 56和72的径向内部布置。变速器输出元件64以可操作的方式连接到车辆传动系90以提供运动转矩。每个离合器优选由液压驱动,通过下面将参考附图3描述的电液控制回路42,从泵接收加压流体,下文中将详述。
变速器10从包括发动机14和MG-A 56和MG-B72在内的转矩发生装置接收输入运动转矩,其结果是从燃料或存储在电能存储装置(ESD)74中的电位能的能量转换。ESD74通常包括一个或多个电池。其他能够存储电能和输出电能的电能和电化学能量存储装置可被用于替换电池,而不会改变本发明的原理。ESD74优选根据下述因素确定尺寸:再生需求、与典型的道路坡度和温度相关的应用发布、以及推动需求,例如排放、辅助动力和电力范围。ESD74通过导线27高电压直流(DC)连接到变速器动力转换模块(TPIM)19。TPIM19是将在下文中参考图2描述的控制系统的一个元件。TPIM19通过导线29向MG-A 56和从MG-A 56传送电能,并且TPIM19通过导线31向MG-B 72和从MG-B 72传送电能。根据ESD74正在被充电还是被放电,电流被传送给ESD74,或者从ESD74传出。TPIM19包括以一对功率变换器和各自的电机控制模块,所述模块配置从中成接收电机控制信号并且控制变换器状态以提供电机驱动或再生功能。
在电机控制中,各个变换器从DC(直流)传输线接收电流,并且通过导线29和31向各自的电力机械即MG-A和MG-B提供AC(交流)电流。在再生控制中,各个变换器通过导线29和31从地里机械接收AC电流,并且向DC线27传送电流。提供给变换器或从变换器供给的净DC电流(net DC current)确定电能存储装置74的充电或放电运行状态。优选地,MG-A 56和MG-B 72是三相AC(交流)机械,每一个具有可在安装于变速器壳体上的定子内以可操作的方式转动的转子。变换器包括已知的互补的三相功率电子设备。
现在参考图2,显示了包括分布控制模块构造的控制系统的示意性框图。下文中描述的元件包括总的车辆控制构造的子集,并且运行以提供本文中描述的动力系统的协同系统控制。所述控制系统运行以综合有关的信息和输入,并且执行算法以控制不同的致动件以实现控制目标,包括这样一些参数:燃油经济性、排放、操纵性、驱动能力以及硬件保护,包括ESD74和MG-A和MG-B56、72的电池。分布控制模块构造包括发动机控制模块(“ECM”23)、变速器控制模块(“TCM”)17、电池组控制模块(“BPCM”)21、和发动机动力转换模块(“TPIM”)19。混合控制模块(“HCP”)5提供顶层控制(overarching control)并且提供与前述控制模块的协同配合。用户界面(“UI”)13以可操作的方式与多个装置相连,通过所述界面,车辆驾驶员通常通过转矩输出命令控制或指令包括变速器10的动力系的操作。示例性的车辆驾驶员向UI13的输入包括加速踏板、制动踏板、变速器档位选择器、和车速巡航控制。每个前述控制模块都通过局域网(“LAN”)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器、和致动器通信。LAN总线6允许在各控制模块间的控制参数和命令的结构化通信。所使用的特定通信协议是专用的(application-specific)。LAN总线和适当的协议在前述控制模块和其他控制模块之间提供稳定的信息交换和多控制模块接口,所述其他控制模块提供例如防抱死、牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能。
HCP5提供混合动力系统的顶层控制,用于与ECM23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM21协同操作。基于来自UI13和动力系包括电池组的各种输入信号,HCP5产生各种命令,包括:驾驶员转矩需求、发动机转矩指令、变速器10的各离合器C1、C2、C3和C4的离合器转矩指令、以及MG-A和MG-B的电机转矩指令。TCM以可操作的方式连接到图3的电液控制回路42,包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出)并且产生和执行各螺线管的控制信号以控制其中包含的压力开关和控制阀。
ECM23以可操作的方式连接到发动机14,并且其功能在于从各种传感器获取数据并分别通过多个分散的线控制发动机14的各致动器,所述分散的线整体显示为组合线35。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机转矩指令,并且产生理想的车轴转矩、以及输入给变速器的实际发动机转矩的指示,所述指示传递给HCP5。为了简单起见,ECM23总体显示为通过组合线35与发动机14具有双向界面。各种其他可被ECM23检测的参数包括发动机冷却液温度、发动机输入到通向变速器的轴12的转速NI、歧管压力、环境空气温度、和环境压力。各种可以由ECM23控制的致动器包括燃油喷射器、点火模块、和节气门控制模块。
TCM17以可操作的方式连接到变速器10,并且其作用在于从各种传感器获取数据并且向变速器提供指令信号。由TCM17提供给HCP5的输入包括:每个离合器C1、C2、C3和C4的预计离合器转矩、输出轴64的转速NO。还可使用其他致动器和传感器以从TCM向HCP提供用于控制目的的附加信息。TCM17监控来自压力开关的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制螺线管并且切换螺线管以致动不同的离合器,从而获得各种变速器操作模式,下文中将对此进行描述。
BPCM21通过信号的方式与一个或多个传感器相连,所述传感器运行以监控ESD74的电流或电压参数,从而向HCP5提供与电池状态相关的参数。这种信息包括电池充电状态、电池电压和可用电池能量。
TPIM19包括前面提及的功率变换器和电机控制模块,所述电机控制模块构造为从中接收电机控制指令并且控制变换器状态,以提供电机驱动或再生功能。TPIM19可基于来自HCP5的输入操作以产生MG-A 56和MG-B 72的转矩指令,其由驾驶员通过UI13的输入和系统运行参数驱动。MG-A和MG-B的电机转矩指令由包括TPIM19的控制系统执行以控制MG-A和MG-B。MG-A和MG-B的各电机转速信号由TPIM19从电机相位信息或常规旋转传感器得出。电能存储装置74通过DC线27以高压DC连接到TPIM19。根据ESD74正在被充电还是放电,电流被传递给TPIM19或从TPIM19传出。
每个前述控制模块优选是通用的数字计算机,基本包括:微处理器或中央处理单元,包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)的存储介质,高速时钟,模数(A/D)数模(D/A)电路,和输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及适当的信号状态和缓冲电路。每个控制模块具有一系列控制算法,包括存储在ROM中的永久程序指令和标准,其被执行以提供每个计算机的各自的功能。在各计算机之间传递的信息优选使用前述的LAN6实现。
每个控制模块中用于控制和状态判断的算法通常在预置循环中被执行,从而使得每个循环中每个算法至少被执行一次。采用预置标准,存储在非易失性存储装置中的算法由中央处理单元中的一个执行,并且可运行以监控来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制和诊断程序以控制各装置的控制操作。循环通常以规律的间隔被执行,例如在正在进行的发动机和车辆操作中每3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒执行一次。另一种方式是,算法可相应于事件的发生被执行。
响应于由UI13获得的驾驶员动作,起总监控作用的HCP控制模块5和其他控制模块中的一个或多个确定在轴64上的需求输出,这也称作驾驶员转矩需求。变速器10的可选择操作的组件被适当地控制和执行以相应驾驶员要求。例如,在显示在图1和2中的示例性实施方式中,当驾驶员已经选择了一个前进驱动范围并且触动加速踏板或制动踏板时,HCP5确定输出转矩,该输出转矩影响车辆何时并且如何加速或减速。最后的车辆加速被其他因素所影响,包括,例如道路负载、道路等级和车辆质量。HCP5监控转矩产生装置的参数状态,避过你且确定所需的变速器输出以达到理想的转矩输出。在HCP5的指引下,为了达到驾驶员需求,变速器10在从慢到快的一个范围内运行。
示例的双模式混合分离电力-机械变速器以多个固定的档位运行模式和连续可变运行模式操作,下面将参考图1和表1进行说明。
表1
Figure G2007101413105D00081
表格中描述的各种变速器操作模式指示了对应与每个操作模式哪个特定离合器C1、C2、C3和C4被接合和致动。此外,在各变速器操作模式下,MG-A和MG-B每一个运行作为电动机以产生运动转矩,和操作作为发电机以产生电能。当离合器C170被致动以“固定”第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮元件时,第一模式或齿轮组合被选择。当离合器C170被释放并且离合器C262同时被致动以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架上时,第二模式或齿轮组合被选择。当电力机械56、72运行作为电动机和发电机时,其他在本发明范围外的因素在本文中不予讨论。
主要显示在图2中的控制系统可运行以在轴64上提供在每种操作模式下从相对慢到相对快的变速器输出转速范围。在每种模式下具有从慢到快的输出转速范围的两种模式的结合,使得变速器10推动车辆从静止状态到达高速,并且满足前述的各种其他要求。此外,控制系统调整变速器10的操作从而使得在各模式间同步切换。
第一和第二操作模式根据环境而定,其中变速器功能由一个离合器即离合器C162或C270控制,并且由电力机械56和72的受控的速度和转矩控制,该模式可被确定为连续改变变速器模式。下面描述操作的特定范围,其中通过应用附加的离合器而获得固定速比。该附加的离合器可以是离合器C373或C475,如上面表格中所示。
当附加的离合器被应用时,获得变速器的输入输出转速的固定速比,即NI/NO。机械MG-A和MG-B 56和72的转动依赖于由离合动作确定的机构的内部转动并且与在轴12处测得的输入转速成比例。机械MG-A和MG-B用作电动机或发电机。它们与发动机完全独立以输出动力流,由此可以使二者都为电动机或都用作发电机,或者是它们的任意的组合。这使得例如在固定速比1的情况下,由来自ESD74的接收能量通过行星齿轮组28,轴64处的来自变速器的动力输出由发动机的能量提供和由MG-A和MG-B的能量提供。
参考图3,显示了示意性视图,其中提供了用于控制在示例性变速器中的加压流体流动的示例性电液系统的更为详细的描述,包括主液压泵88和辅助液压泵110的操作。如在前面参考图1时所进行的描述那样,主液压泵88由来自发动机10的输入轴驱动。主液压泵88接收来自发动机的输入转矩,并且最初经过控制阀140,从贮油槽泵送液压流体进入变速器的液压回路42。辅助泵110由TPIM19以可操作的方式电子控制。辅助泵110优选由合适尺寸和容量电动泵构成,以当操作时,提供足够的加压液体流入液压系统。加压流体流入电液控制回路42,该回路42运行以选择性地将液压分配给一系列装置,包括转矩传递离合器C170、C262、C373和C475、机械A和B的冷却回路、以及冷却和润滑变速器10的回路(未示出)。如前面所宣称的那样,TCM17最好运行以通过选择性地致动压力控制螺线管PCS_1108、PCS_2112、PCS_3114和PCS_4116以及螺线管控制流动管理阀X-阀118和Y-阀120来致动不同的离合器,从而获得各种变速器操作模式。所述回路分别通过通道122、124、126和128流体连接到压力开关PS_1、PS_2、PS_3和PS_4上。压力控制螺线管PCS_1108具有空档和高速档控制位置,并且可以操作以获得液压力的调制并且通过与阀107的液压交互作用流入液压回路。压力控制阀PCS_2112具有空档和低速档控制位置,并且流体连接到短管阀113上并且当被致动时运行以使流体流经其中。短管阀113通过通道126流体连接到压力开关PS_3上。压力控制螺线管PCS_3114具有空档和高速档控制位置,并且流体连接到短管阀115上并且当被致动时运行以使流体流经其中。短管阀115通过通道124流体连接到压力开关PS_2上。压力控制螺线管PCS_4116具有空档和低速档控制位置,并且流体连接到短管阀117上并且当被致动时运行以使流体流经其中。短管阀117通过通道128流体连接到压力开关PS_4上。
在示例的系统中,X阀119和Y阀121每个包括分别由螺线管118和120控制的流动管理阀组成,并且具有控制状态高(“1”)和低(“0”)。每个阀的控制状态参考位置影响液压回路42和变速器10中的不同元件的流动控制。根据流体输入源,X阀119运行以分别经由流体通道136、138、140、142引导加压流体到离合器C3和C4以及MG-A和MG-B的定子的冷却系统,下文中将描述。根据流体输入源,Y阀121运行以分别经由流体通道132和134引导加压流体到离合器C1和C2,下文中将描述。更为详细的关于示例性电液控制回路42的描述在共同转让的专利申请号为No.11/263216、公司代码No.GP 306089的名称为“A Multiplexed Pressure Switch System for anElectrically Variable Hybrid Transmission”的美国申请中有描述,所述申请以参考的方式引用在此。
参考下表2,提供示例性的逻辑表格以获得示例性电液控制回路42的控制。
表2
Figure G2007101413105D00111
X阀和Y阀的选择性控制以及螺线管PCS_2、PCS_3和PCS_4的致动促进液压流体向致动离合器C1、C2、C3和C4流动,并且为MG-A和MG-B的定子提供冷却。
在操作中,基于动力系的各种操作特性,为示例性变速器确定操作模式,即固定档位和连续可变模式操作中的一种。这包括驾驶员转矩需求,如前所述,典型地通过提供给UI13的输入通信。此外,输出转矩需求在外部条件的基础上判定,所述外部条件包括例如道路等级、道路表面情况或风载。所述操作模式可基于由控制模块指令引起的动力系转矩需求判定以载电能产生模式或转矩产生模式下操作电力机械。所述操作模式可通过优化算法或程序来确定,所述算法和程序运行以基于驾驶员动力需求、电池充电状态、和发动机14以及MG-A和MG-B 56、72的能量效率确定最适宜的系统效率。控制系统基于所执行的优化程序的结果管理来自发动机14和MG-B 56、72的转矩输入,并且系统优化发生以优化系统效率从而提高燃油经济性并管理电池充电过程。此外,可基于部件或系统中的故障确定操作。
现在参考图4,为图1中所示的示例性变速器和控制系统将各种变速器操作模式绘制为变速器输出转速NO和变速器输入转速NI的函数。参考上面的表1所述,固定速比操作显示为每个特定速比为一个单独的线,GR1、GR2、GR3和GR4。连续可变模式操作显示为模式I和模式II中的每一个的操作范围。通过致动和释放特定的离合器,变速器操作模式载固定速比操作和连续可变模式操作之间切换。控制系统运行以基于各种标准使用由控制系统执行的算法和标定确定特定的变速器操作模式,并且脱离本发明的范围。变速器操作模式的选择主要依赖于驾驶员输入和动力系达到所述输入的能力。
参考表1和2以及图4,低范围操作状态包括离合器C2、C1和C4的可选择的致动,促使在连续可变模式I和固定速比GR1、GR2和GR3中的任何一个下操作。高范围操作状态包括离合器C2、C3和C4的可选择的致动,促使在连续可变模式II和固定速比GR3和GR4中的任何一个下操作。应当可以理解,模式I和模式II的连续可变操作范围可以重叠。
在操作中,由于动力系的多个运行特征,在示例性的变速器中切换会发生。操作者需求转矩可以改变。这种需求通常如前所述通过给UI13的输入传递。此外,输出转矩需求的改变可以根据外部条件的改变例如道路等级、路面条件和风载的改变而预置。切换改变可以根据控制模块指令一个电力机械在电能产生模式和转矩产生模式之间的改变引起的动力系中的转矩需求的改变而预置。切换改变可以根据优化算法或程序的改变而预置,所述优化算法或程序运行以基于驾驶员动力需求、电池充电状态和发动机14以及MG-A和MG-B56、72的能量效率确定优化的系统效率。基于所执行的优化程序的结果,控制系统管理来自发动机14和MG-A和MG-B 56、72的转矩输入,并且可以在系统优化中存在强制切换改变的变化从而优化系统效率以提高燃油经济性并且管理电池充电。此外,可以根据部件或系统中的故障预置切换变化。分布式控制模块构造动作以确定变速器操作模式中的变化需求,并且执行放弃以影响变速器操作中的改变。在示例性系统中的切换改变包括至少三种可能情况中的一种。可以从一种固定档切换到第二固定档。可以从一固定档切换到连续可变模式中的一种。可以从连续可变模式中的一种切换的一固定档。
现在参考根据图1、2、3、4和表1、2描述的变速器,变速器和控制系统的特定方面将在下文中描述。控制系统基于转矩需求、故障出现和电动机的温度选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀。基于对流量管理阀X阀118和Y阀120所选择的致动,控制系统可选择地指令低范围连续可变操作、高范围连续可变操作、低范围状态和高范围状态中的一种。当低范围连续可变操作被指令时,根据对压力控制装置PCS_2、PCS_3和PCS_4的选择致动,控制系统运行以影响MG_A的定子冷却系统(MG_A转子冷却)、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统(MG_B定子冷却)、和第一液压致动离合器(C1)的致动。此外,档高范围连续可变操作被指令时,根据对压力控制装置的选择致动,控制系统运行以影响MG-A定子冷却系统、MG-B定子冷却系统和第二液压致动离合器(C2)的致动。当低范围状态被指令时,根据对压力控制装置的选择致动,控制系统运行以影响第一、第二和第四液压致动离合器(C 1,C2,C4)的致动,包括通过离合器的选择致动以第一、第二和第三固定速比中的一个操作。当高范围状态被指令时,根据对压力控制装置的选择致动,控制系统运行以影响第二、第三和第四液压致动离合器(C2,C3,C4)的致动,包括通过离合器的选择致动以第三和第四固定速比中的一个操作。
如前所述,基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,来自第二、第三和第四压力控制装置(PCS_2、PCS_3和PCS_4)中的每一个的流体输出引向四个液压致动离合器和MG_A、MG_B定子冷却系统中的一个。因此当X阀和Y阀都指令为低时,PCS_2的选择致动影响向MG-B的定子提供冷却的液压流体的流量。当X阀和Y阀中的任意一个被指令为高时,PCS_2的选择致动影响致动离合器C2的液压流体的流量。当X阀和Y阀都被指令为低时,PCS_3的选择致动影响致动离合器C1的液压流体的流量。当X阀被指令为低并且Y阀被指令为高时,PCS_3的选择指令影响提供给MG-B的定子冷却的液压流体流量。当X阀被指令为高并且Y阀被指令为低时,PCS_3的选择指令影响致动离合器C1的液压流体的流量。当X阀和Y阀都指令为高时,PCS_3的选择致动影响致动离合器C3的液压流体的流量。当X阀被指令为低时,无论Y阀被指令的位置如何,PCS_4的选择致动影响提供给MG-A的定子冷却的液压流体流量。当X阀被指令为高时,无论Y阀被指令的位置如何,PCS_4的选择致动影响致动离合器C4的的液压流体的流量。
现在参考图5的流程图,根据参考图1、2、3和表1、2描述的示例性变速器,示例性变速器和控制系统的冷却操作的特定方面被描述,包括基于流量管理阀即X阀和Y阀的选择致动,用于选择指令低范围连续可变操作、高范围连续可变操作、低范围状态和高范围状态中的一种的控制策略。基于动力系的运行特征,示例性变速器的理想操作状态即固定档位或连续可变模式操作被确定。当理想档位是空档(块200)并且EVT模式I被追踪(块202)时,连续可变模式I被指令(块226),导致X阀和Y阀都被指令为低。当理想档位不是空档时,控制策略确定理想操作状态包括哪些,即模式I、模式II、GR1、GR2或GR3。当理想档位是模式I(块206)时,控制策略确定当前定子冷却何时被指令(块208)。当定子冷却被指令时,连续可变状态I被指令(块226)。当定子冷却未被指令时,低范围被指令(块228),导致X阀指令为高并且Y阀指令为低。当理想档位时GR1和GR2中的任意一个(块210)时,确定诊断测试是否发生(块216)。当诊断测试发生时,连续可变模式I被指令(块226)。当诊断测试未发生时,低范围被指令(块228)。当理想操作状态是模式II(块212)时,确定定子冷却是否被指令(块218),导致连续可变模式II被指令(块230),导致X阀被指令为低并且Y阀被指令为高。当定子冷却未被指令时,确定系统操作条件是否最好为在高范围内操作(块222),并且受控输出因此被指令为高范围(块232)或低范围(块228)。当高范围被指令(块232)时,X阀指令为高并且Y阀被指令为高。当理想操作状态是GR3时,确定诊断测试是否发生(块220)。当诊断测试发生时,连续可变模式II被指令(块230)。当诊断测试为发生时,确定系统操作条件是否最好为在高范围内操作(块222),并且受控输出因此被指令为高范围(块232)或低范围(块228)。
上面提及的诊断测试优选包括在线故障测试,其中在所进行的操作过程中,一个或多个压力控制螺线管装置被选择性地致动以确定是否能正确执行其功能。
现在参考图6的流程图和图7的坐标图,更加详细地描述了系统操作条件是否最好在高范围内操作的确定(块222)。首先基于NI和NO确定GR-4是否可用(块250),如图7中图像化所示,所述判断的值被预先校准并且存储在控制系统的ROM中。当GR4不可用时,低范围被指令(块228)。当GR4可用时,确定预置的输入速度中的时率变化NI_profile是否大于NO_GR3加一个滞后阈值,优选为约100发动机rpm(块252),在此导致的范围被指令(块228)。接着确定输入速度中的时率变化NI_profile是否小于NO_GR3减一个滞后阈值,优选为约100发动机rpm(块254)。当输入速度中的时率变化NI_profile小于NO_GR3减一个滞后阈值时,高范围操作被指令(块232)。当输入速度中的时率变化NI_profile大于NO_GR3减一个滞后阈值时,X阀和Y阀的当前指令被保留(块234)。
基于第一流量管理阀在指令为开状态和指令外关状态之间的所选择的变换,控制系统运行以确定故障存在。控制系统运行以监控来自压力监控装置PS1、PS2、PS3和PS4的压力输出信号。因此,当已经确定存在故障时,基于流量管理阀的选择致动,控制系统运行以选择性地指令低范围连续可变操作或高范围连续可变操作中的任意一种。
应当理解,变速器硬件中的改进都是在本发明范围之内允许的。本发明参考特定的优选实施方式和其改进方式被描述。通过阅读和理解说明书,其他人可进行进一步的改进和替换。所有这些改进和替换都包含在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (26)

1.一种用于电力-机械变速器的控制系统,所述变速器选择性地在多个固定档位模式和连续可变模式下操作,包括第一和第二电力机械以及四个液压致动离合器,所述液压致动离合器与包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置和第一、第二流量管理阀的液压回路流体连通;所述控制系统基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械温度运行以选择性地致动所述压力控制装置和流量管理阀,
其中,基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,来自第一、第二和第三压力控制装置中的每一个的流体输出被选择性地引导到所述四个液压致动离合器和第一、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统中的一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为开并且第二流量管理阀被指令为关时,第二压力控制装置的选择性致动促使第一液压致动离合器致动。
3.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为开并且第二流量管理阀被指令为开时,第二压力控制装置的选择性致动促使第三液压致动离合器致动。
4.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一和第二流量管理阀中的任意一个被指令为开时,第一压力控制装置的选择性致动促使第二液压致动离合器致动。
5.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为开时,第三压力控制装置的选择性致动促使第四液压致动离合器致动。
6.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为关时,第四压力控制装置的选择性致动促使流体流向第一电力机械的定子冷却系统。
7.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为关并且第二流量管理阀被指令为关时,第一压力控制装置的选择性致动促使流体流向第二电力机械的定子冷却系统。
8.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,当第一流量管理阀被指令为关并且第二流量管理阀被指令为开时,第二压力控制装置的选择性致动促使流体流向第二电力机械的定子冷却系统。
9.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,基于第一流量管理阀在指令为开状态和指令为关状态之间的选择性转换,所述控制系统运行以确定故障的存在。
10.如权利要求9所述的控制系统,其中,控制系统运行以确定故障的存在包括控制系统运行以监控来自多个监控液压回路的压力监控装置的输出。
11.如权利要求10所述的控制系统,其中,当已经确定存在故障时,基于所述流量管理阀的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以选择性地指令低范围连续可变操作和高范围连续可变操作中的一种。
12.如权利要求1所述的控制系统,其中,基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械温度,所述控制系统运行以选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀,还包括基于流量管理阀的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以选择性地指令低范围连续可变操作、高范围连续可变操作、低范围状态和高范围状态中的一种。
13.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,还包括当低范围连续可变操作被指令时,基于压力控制装置的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以促使第一电力机械的定子冷却系统、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统和第一液压致动离合器致动。
14.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,还包括当高范围连续可变操作被指令时,基于压力控制装置的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以促使第一电力机械的定子冷却系统、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统和第二液压致动离合器致动。
15.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,还包括当低范围状态被指令时,基于压力控制装置的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以促使第一、第二和第四液压致动离合器致动。
16.如权利要求15所述的控制系统,还包括通过离合器的选择性致动,所述控制系统以第一、第二和第三固定速比中的一个运行。
17.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,还包括当高范围状态被指令时,基于压力控制装置的选择性致动,所述控制系统运行以促使第二、第三和第四液压致动离合器致动。
18.如权利要求17所述的控制系统,还包括通过离合器的选择性致动,所述控制系统以第三和第四固定速比中的一个运行。
19.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,其中,基于输入速度曲线和输出速度,所述控制系统运行以选择性地指令高范围状态。
20.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,其中,基于转矩需求,所述控制系统运行以选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀,包括所述控制系统运行以监控驾驶员转矩需求、外部操作条件、电能存储装置的充电状态、和可操作连接发动机的操作效率。
21.如权利要求12所述的控制系统,其中,基于电力机械的温度,所述控制系统运行以选择性地致动压力控制装置和流量管理阀,包括所述控制系统运行以监控每个电力机械的定子温度,并运行以基于上述情况促使电力机械冷却。
22.一种用于控制电力-机械变速器的方法,所述变速器选择性地在多个固定档位模式和连续可变模式下操作,包括第一和第二电力机械以及四个液压致动离合器,所述液压致动离合器与包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置和第一、第二流量管理阀的液压回路流体连通;所述方法包括:
基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械温度,选择性地致动所述压力控制装置和流量管理阀,
基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,选择性地引导来自第一、第二和第三压力控制装置中的每一个的流体输出到所述四个液压致动离合器和第一、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统中的一个。
23.一种变速器,包括运行以传递转矩的电力-机械装置,包括:
第一和第二电力机械;
多个行星齿轮和四个液压致动转矩传递装置,所述转矩传递装置可选择性地采用液压回路致动;
液压回路,包括第一、第二和第三压力控制装置、第一和第二流量管理阀和压力监控装置;
控制系统:
适于监控压力监控装置以识别存在故障;
适于转矩需求和电力机械的温度;
适于基于转矩需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度执行计算机程序以通过选择性地致动所述多个压力控制装置和流量管理阀从而选择性地致动所述四个液压致动转矩传递装置。
24.如权利要求23所述的变速器,还包括,基于第一和第二流量管理阀的指令位置,所述控制系统适于选择性地引导来自第一、第二和第三压力控制装置中的每一个的流体输出到所述四个液压致动转矩传递装置和第一、第二电力机械的定子冷却系统中的一个。
25.如权利要求22所述的变速器,其中,所述控制系统适于选择性地致动所述四个液压致动转矩传递装置,以实现在包括四个固定速比模式和两个连续可变模式的多个操作模式中的一种操作。
26.一种用于电力-机械变速器的液压回路的控制系统,所述变速器包括多个行星齿轮、一对电力机械和多个转矩传递装置,并且选择性地以多个固定速比模式和连续可变模式中的一种操作,包括:
所述液压回路运行以选择性地控制通向所述多个转矩传递装置和所述一对电力机械的冷却回路的加压流体的流动;
所述液压回路包括液压泵,所述液压泵与三个可选择性致动的压力控制螺线管流体连通,所述螺线管与两个可选择性控制的流量控制阀流体连通,所述控制阀与所述多个转矩传递装置和用于冷却所述一对电力机械的冷却回路流体连通;
所述控制系统基于转矩输出需求、故障的存在和电力机械的温度运行以选择性地致动所述压力控制螺线管和所述两个流量控制阀,
其中,基于所述两个流量控制阀的指令位置,来自三个可选择性致动的压力控制螺线管的流体输出被选择性地引导到所述多个转矩传递装置和所述一对电力机械的冷却回路中的一个。
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