CN101198804B - 驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置 - Google Patents

驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置 Download PDF

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CN101198804B
CN101198804B CN2006800218698A CN200680021869A CN101198804B CN 101198804 B CN101198804 B CN 101198804B CN 2006800218698 A CN2006800218698 A CN 2006800218698A CN 200680021869 A CN200680021869 A CN 200680021869A CN 101198804 B CN101198804 B CN 101198804B
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mentioned
rotatingshaft
power
unit
live axle
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CN101198804A (zh
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山内友和
佐佐木正一
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D28/00—Electrically-actuated clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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Abstract

本发明的驱动装置，配置了将电动机(30)的输出轴即转动轴(24)和驱动轴(22)进行连接或解除上述连接的离合器(40)、将输入轴与转动轴(24)连接同时通过齿轮机构(52)将输出轴与驱动轴(22)连接的无级变速器(50)。将弹簧(36)设置在电动机(30)的转子(31)上，使得当来自电动机(30)的转矩小时，由离合器(40)将转动轴(24)和驱动轴(22)连接。如果来自电动机(30)的转矩增大，则由其轴向力克服弹簧(36)的弹力，使转动轴(24)移动，解除由离合器(40)对转动轴(24)和驱动轴(22)的连接，由无级变速器(50)对来自电动机(30)的转矩进行变速输出到驱动轴(22)。

Description

驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置
技术领域
本发明涉及驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置，更详细地说，涉及向驱动轴输出驱动力的驱动装置和具有该驱动装置的动力输出装置。
背景技术
一直以来，作为该种驱动装置，提出了下述一种驱动装置(例如参考专利文献1)，其包括电动机、变速器、对电动机的转动轴和变速器的输入轴进行连接/脱开连接的第1连接单元、对电动机的转动轴和驱动轴进行连接/脱开的第2连接单元、对变速器的输出轴和驱动轴进行连接/脱开的第3连接单元。在该装置中，切换执行下述传送，即通过对第1连接单元和第3连接单元进行连接同时脱开第2连接单元从而通过变速器将来自电动机的动力向驱动轴的传送，以及通过对第1连接单元和第3连接单元进行脱开连接同时连接第2连接单元从而进行不使用变速器而将来自电动机的动力向驱动轴的传送
专利文献1：特开2005-145145号公报
然而在上述驱动装置中，需要3个连接单元且同时必须平滑平滑顺利地执行3个连接单元的连接、脱开连接，装置复杂化同时需要高精度的控制。
发明内容
本发明的驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置的一个目的是以简单的结构切换从电动机向驱动轴的动力传送。此外，本发明的驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置的另一个目的是不执行复杂的控制就能平滑顺利地进行从电动机向驱动轴的动力切换。
为了实现上述目的的至少一部分，本发明的驱动装置和具有驱动装置的动力输出装置采用下述方案。
本发明的驱动装置是一种将驱动力输出到驱动轴上的驱动装置，其包括：
具有定子和转子的电动机，所述定子缠绕有线圈，所述转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用向上述定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而朝向该转动轴的一方向的移动力，所述转子转动；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的第1动力传送单元；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的与上述第1动力传送单元不同的第2动力传送单元；
伴随着上述转动轴沿轴向的移动，切换由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送的动力传送切换单元。
在本发明的驱动装置中，电动机的转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用由向定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而产生的朝向该转动轴一方向的移动力，从电动机向转动轴输出动力。此时，由于动力传送切换单元伴随着转动轴的轴向移动，对由第1动力传送单元所进行的从转动轴向驱动轴的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的从转动轴向驱动轴的动力传送进行切换，因而，由对应于从电动机输出的驱动力而产生的轴向移动力，能够对由第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送进行切换。因此采用无需使用多个连接单元的简单结构，无需平滑顺利地对多个连接单元的连接、脱开进行控制。也就是没有复杂的控制，就能平滑顺利地进行动力传送的切换。
在上述本发明的驱动装置中，上述动力传送切换单元可在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于小于第1规定转矩的低转矩区域时，进行由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于大于等于第2规定转矩的高转矩区域时，进行由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，所述第2规定转矩大于等于上述第1规定转矩。通过构成得将第1动力传送单元应用在低转矩区域同时将第2动力传送单元应用在高转矩区域，能够使电动机在更适合的运转范围内运行。
而且，在本发明的驱动装置中，上述动力传送切换单元可包括：沿与上述一方向相反的另一方向对上述转动轴施加移动力的移动力施加单元、在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元。如此，则当从电动机输出较小转矩时，使用由移动力施加单元所施加的另一方向的移动力，由连接解除单元将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接，由第1动力传送单元将来自电动机的动力传送到驱动轴，当从电动机输出较大转矩时，使用由电动机的磁场作用所形成的一方向的移动力，由连接解除单元解除上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接，由第2动力传送单元将来自电动机的动力传送到驱动轴。因而仅通过改变电动机的转矩，就能对由第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送进行切换。此时上述移动力施加单元也可以是将作用在上述另一方向上的弹力施加给上述转动轴的弹簧。
而且，在本发明的驱动装置中，上述第1动力传送单元可以是以规定的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元；上述第2动力传送单元可以是以可变更的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元。如此，能够以规定的变速比实施由第1动力传送单元所执行的动力传送，能够以可变更的变速比实施由第2动力传送单元所执行的动力传送。此时所述第2动力传送单元是具有无级变速器的单元，也可以是具有有级变速器的单元，也可以是具有变矩器的单元。在具有变矩器场合下，上述第2动力传送单元是具有位于上述变矩器和上述驱动轴之间的变速器的单元。
在上述那样第2动力传送单元是能够以可变更的变速比将转动轴的动力传送到驱动轴上的单元的形态下的本发明的驱动装置中，还可包括控制单元，在由上述连接解除单元将上述驱动轴和上述转动轴连接时，该控制单元对上述第2动力传送单元进行控制，从而由上述第2动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动、与由上述第1动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动同步。如此，在由第1力传送单元执行动力传送时，也可以不切离第2动力传送单元，能够平滑顺利地从第1力传送单元所执行的动力传送切换到由第2动力传送单元所执行的动力传送。
本发明的动力输出装置是一种将动力输出到驱动轴上的动力输出装置，包括：
具有定子和转子的电动机，所述定子缠绕有线圈，所述转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用向上述定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而朝向该转动轴的一方向的移动力，所述转子转动；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的第1动力传送单元；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的与上述第1动力传送单元不同的第2动力传送单元；
伴随着上述转动轴沿轴向的移动，切换由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送的动力传送切换单元；
内燃机；
电力动力输入输出单元，其与上述内燃机的输出轴以及上述驱动轴连接，伴随着电力和动力的输入输出，能够将来自上述内燃机的动力的至少一部分输出到上述驱动轴。
在本发明的动力输出装置中，电动机的转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用向定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而产生的朝向该转动轴一方向的移动力，从电动机向转动轴输出动力。此时，由于动力传送切换单元伴随着转动轴的轴向移动，对由第1动力传送单元所进行的从转动轴向驱动轴的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的从转动轴向驱动轴的动力传送进行切换，因而，由对应于从电动机输出的驱动力而产生的轴向移动力，能够对由第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送进行切换。因此能够采用无需使用多个连接单元的简单结构，无需平滑顺利地对多个连接单元的连接、脱开进行控制。也就是没有复杂的控制，就能平滑顺利地进行动力传送的切换。
在这样的本发明的动力输出装置中，上述动力传送切换单元可在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于小于第1规定转矩的低转矩区域时，进行由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于大于等于第2规定转矩的高转矩区域时，进行由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，所述第2规定转矩大于等于上述第1规定转矩。通过构成得将第1动力传送单元应用在低转矩区域同时将第2动力传送单元应用在高转矩区域，能够使电动机在更适合的运转范围内运行。
此外，在本发明的动力输出装置中，上述动力传送切换单元可包括：沿与上述一方向相反的另一方向对上述转动轴施加移动力的移动力施加单元、在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元。如此，则当从电动机输出较小转矩时，使用由移动力施加单元所施加的另一方向的移动力，由连接解除单元将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接，能够由第1动力传送单元将来自电动机的动力传送到驱动轴，当从电动机输出较大转矩时，使用由电动机的磁场作用所形成的一方向的移动力，由连接解除单元解除上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接，由第2动力传送单元将来自电动机的动力传送到驱动轴。因而仅通过改变电动机的转矩，就能对由第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送进行切换。此时上述移动力施加单元也可以是将作用在上述另一方向上的弹力施加给上述转动轴的弹簧。
此外，在本发明的动力输出装置中，上述第1动力传送单元可以是以规定的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元；上述第2动力传送单元可以是以可变更的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元。如此，能够以规定的变速比实施由第1动力传送单元所执行的动力传送，能够以可变更的变速比实施由第2动力传送单元所执行的动力传送。此时还可包括控制单元，在由上述连接解除单元将上述驱动轴和上述转动轴连接时，该控制单元对上述第2动力传送单元进行控制，从而由上述第2动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动、与由上述第1动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动同步。如此，在由第1力传送单元执行动力传送时，也可以不切离第2动力传送单元，能够平滑顺利地从第1力传送单元所执行的动力传送切换到由第2动力传送单元所执行的动力传送。
附图说明
图1是简略显示本发明一实施例的驱动装置20结构的结构视图；
图2是显示电动机30的转矩特性和由无级变速器50变速并输出到驱动轴22上的转矩以及离合器40的切换转矩的关系的一个示例的说明图；
图3是显示实施例的动力输出装置70的结构的一个示例的结构图；
图4是简略显示变形例的驱动装置20B结构的结构视图；
图5是简略显示变形例的驱动装置20C结构的结构视图；
图6是简略显示变形例的驱动装置20D结构的结构视图；
图7是简略显示变形例的驱动装置20E结构的结构视图。
具体实施方式
下文将使用实施例对实施本发明的最佳实施形态进行说明。
图1是简略显示作为本发明一实施例的驱动装置20的结构的结构视图。如图所示，实施例的驱动装置20包括：由来自蓄电池38的电力驱动的电动机30、将电动机30的输出轴即转动轴24和驱动轴22连接以及解除所述连接的离合器40、输入轴与转动轴24连接的无级变速器50、与无级变速器50的输出轴连接同时与驱动轴22连接的齿轮机构52、对装置整体进行控制的电子控制单元60。
电动机30构成为公知的同步发电电动机，其包括与转动轴24连接且将永久磁体安装在外周面上的转子31、与转子31的外周间隔微小间隙地围绕转子31设置并缠绕了三相线圈33的定子32。电动机30通过逆变器37与蓄电池38连接。实施例的转动轴24沿图中左右方向稍微能够轴移动地被支撑，将向图中右方施加弹力的弹簧36安装在电动机30的转子31上。因而，转动轴24由通过转子31而发挥作用的弹簧36的弹力而被向图中右方向推压。一旦向定子32的三相线圈33施加三相交流电而产生旋转磁场，则电动机30的转子31产生作为通常电动机的转动转矩，同时由于作为螺线管发挥功能，因而在转动轴24的轴向上产生轴向力(thrust，推力)。该轴向力对应于定子32产生的磁场强度而增大。如上所述，由于实施例的转动轴24沿轴向稍微能够移动地被支撑，因而如果该轴向力沿对抗着弹簧36的弹力方向作用，则对应于定子32产生的磁场强度，能够使转动轴24沿其轴向移动。而且，定子32的磁场强度与从电动机30输出的转矩的大小成比例，因而能够对应于从电动机30输出的转矩大小，使转动轴24沿其轴向移动。
离合器40由与转动轴24连接的输入侧多个的盘以及与驱动轴22连接的输出侧的多个盘构成。由弹簧36的弹力，转动轴24向图中右方向移动，从而将摩擦力赋予输入侧的多个盘和输出侧的多个盘时，转动轴24和驱动轴22连接。当转动轴24对抗着弹簧36的弹力而向图中左侧移动，从而解除输入侧的多个盘和输出侧的多个盘的摩擦力时，解除转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接。
无级变速器50例如构成为环形无级变速器或带式无级变速器，其输入轴与转动轴24连接，其输出轴通过齿轮机构52与驱动轴22连接。
齿轮机构52例如由行星齿轮构成，将齿数比设定得，在无级变速器50为最大增速变速比时，无级变速器50和齿轮机构52整体的齿数比值为1，也就是转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速一致。因而在由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，通过使无级变速器50处于最大增速变速比，能够将来自电动机30的转矩通过离合器40输出到驱动轴22。
电子控制单元60构成为以中央运算处理电路即CPU62为中心的微型计算机，除了CPU62之外，还包括存储处理程序等的ROM64和临时存储数据的RAM66、图中未示出的输入输出端口等。来自对电动机30的转子31的转动位置进行检测的转动位置检测传感器34的转动位置、来自安装在逆变器37内部且图中未示出的电流传感器的施加在电动机30上的相电流、作为应该从电动机30输出的要求转矩的转矩指令等，通过输入端口输入到电子控制单元60中。而且从电子控制单元60通过输出端口，向逆变器37的多个切换(开关)元件输出切换控制信号以及向用于变更无级变速器50的变速比的图中未示出的致动器输出驱动信号等。
下文将对上述结构的驱动装置20的动作进行说明。当电动机30的转矩指令小时，由于在定子32上产生的磁场强度也变小，因而在转子31上产生的轴向力也小。因而，离合器40由弹簧36的弹力而处于将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接的状态。因而，一旦由电子控制单元60根据转矩指令对电动机30进行驱动控制，则从电动机30输出的转矩通过离合器40而输出到驱动轴22。另一方面，当电动机30的转矩指令大时，由于在定子32上产生的磁场强度也变大，因而在转子31上产生的轴向力也大。因而，由该轴向力，转动轴24对抗着弹簧36的弹力而向图中左侧移动，解除由离合器40引起的转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接。因而，一旦由电子控制单元60根据转矩指令对电动机30进行驱动控制，则从电动机30输出的转矩通过无级变速器50和齿轮机构52而输出到驱动轴22。此时，如果将无级变速器50的变速比变更到减速侧，则从电动机30输出的转矩增大而输出到驱动轴22。
图2是显示电动机30的转矩特性和由无级变速器50变速并输出到驱动轴22上的转矩以及离合器40的切换转矩的关系的一个示例的说明图。如果设计施加弹力的弹簧36，使得由作用在转子31上的轴向力而解除离合器40的连接的转矩成为比从电动机30能够输出的最大转矩小的转矩(例如最大转矩的一半，下文称作“传送切换转矩”)，则电动机30的转矩指令小于该传送切换转矩时，在由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接的状态下，将来自电动机30的转矩输出到驱动轴22。当电动机30的转矩指令大于等于该传送切换转矩时，在解除由离合器40引起的转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接的状态下，利用由无级变速器50引起的变速，能够将来自电动机30的转矩输出到驱动轴22。因而，当驱动轴22要求高转矩时，将转矩指令作为大于等于传送切换转矩的转矩，对电动机30进行驱动，同时对无级变速器50的变速比进行变更，从而来自电动机30的转矩变为所要求的转矩。而且，当电动机30的转矩指令小于传送切换转矩时，由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接，因此可以将无级变速器50的变速比变更为最大增速侧，使通过无级变速器50和齿轮机构52时的转动轴24的转速与驱动轴22的转速一致。
根据上述实施例的驱动装置20，当从电动机30输出小于传送切换转矩的转矩时，由离合器40将电动机30的输出轴即转动轴24和驱动轴22连接，将来自电动机30的转矩通过离合器40输出到驱动轴22。当从电动机30输出大于等于传送切换转矩的转矩时，解除由离合器40引起的转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接，能够伴随着无级变速器50的变速，将来自电动机30的转矩输出到驱动轴22。而且仅通过变更从电动机30输出转矩的大小，就可以自动地进行由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接以及解除由离合器40对转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接，能够切换通过离合器40将转矩输出到驱动轴22的传送路径和通过无级变速器50将转矩输出到驱动轴22的传送路径。因而由简单的结构，能够切换从电动机30向驱动轴22输出转矩的路径，同时不进行复杂的控制，就能切换从电动机30向驱动轴22输出转矩的路径。
下文对作为本发明一实施例的动力输出装置70进行说明。图3是显示实施例的动力输出装置70的结构的一个示例的结构图。如图所示，实施例的动力输出装置70包括上述实施例的驱动装置20、通过输出轴74连接到驱动装置20的转动轴24上的动力装置72。动力装置72包括：使用汽油或轻油等碳氢化合物燃料而输出动力的发动机76、将对多个小齿轮83进行控制的行星架84连接到发动机76的曲轴77上同时将齿圈82连接到输出轴74上的行星齿轮机构80、将动力输出到该行星齿轮机构80的恒星齿轮81以及从该行星齿轮机构80的恒星齿轮81输入动力并通过逆变器79与蓄电池38连接的电动机78。
在该动力输出装置70中，从发动机76输出的动力以及电动机78输入输出的动力集合(統合，统一)输出到转动轴24上，由电动机30输出的转矩切换朝向驱动轴22的传送路径，将所集中的动力输出到驱动轴22。因而，当由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，将从电动机30输出的转矩与从动力输出装置70输出到输出轴74的转矩之和的转矩直接输出到驱动轴22上，当解除由离合器40对转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接时，利用由无级变速器50的变速比所进行的变速，能够将从电动机30输出的转矩与从动力输出装置70输出到输出轴74上的转矩之和的转矩输出到驱动轴22上。
根据上述实施例的动力输出装置70，在从电动机30输出小于传送切换转矩的转矩时，将作为从动力装置72输出到输出轴74的转矩与来自电动机30的转矩之和的转矩直接输出到驱动轴22，当从电动机30输出大于等于传送切换转矩的转矩时，能够将作为从动力装置72输出到输出轴74的转矩与来自电动机30的转矩之和的转矩伴随着无级变速器50的变速输出到驱动轴22。而且仅通过变更从电动机30输出的转矩的大小，自动地进行由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接或解除由离合器40对转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接，就能够切换将作为从动力装置72输出到输出轴74的转矩与来自电动机30的转矩之和的转矩直接输出到驱动轴22的传送路径、和通过无级变速器50输出到驱动轴22的传送路径。因而由简单的结构，能够切换从动力装置72和电动机30向驱动轴22输出转矩的路径，同时不进行复杂的控制，就能切换从动力装置72和电动机30向驱动轴22输出转矩的路径。
在实施例的驱动装置20和动力输出装置70中的驱动装置20中，转动轴24相对定子32的磁场承受向图1中左方向的轴向力而移动，但是转动轴24也可以承受向图1中右方向的轴向力而移动。此时，可以将弹簧36安装得在转动轴24承受轴向力而移动时，对转子31施加弹力，从而解除由离合器40对转动轴24和驱动轴22的连接。
在实施例的驱动装置20和动力输出装置70中的驱动装置20中，由离合器40使转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，在通过使无级变速器50的变速比处于最大增速侧的无级变速器50和齿轮机构52时，使转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速一致，但是由于在由离合器40使转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，只要通过无级变速器50和齿轮机构52使转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速即可，因而也可以设置成在无级变速器50的变速比为与最大增速侧不同的变速比时，通过无级变速器50和齿轮机构52，使转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速一致。
在实施例的驱动装置20和动力输出装置70中的驱动装置20中，将齿轮机构52设置在无级变速器50和驱动轴22之间，但是也可以不设置这种齿轮机构52，而是将无级变速器50和驱动轴22直接连接。
在实施例的驱动装置20和动力输出装置70中的驱动装置20中，将环形无级变速器或带式无级变速器的无级变速器50连接在电动机30的输出轴即转动轴24上，但是也可以连接其它形式的无级变速器，或如图4所示变形例的驱动装置20B所示那样，也可以代替无级变速器50，连接有级变速器50B。此时与有级变速器50B连接的齿轮机构52B可以将齿数比设定得，当由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，在有级变速器的最增速侧的档位或其它档位时，通过有级变速器和齿轮机构52B，使转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速一致。
在实施例的驱动装置20和动力输出装置70中的驱动装置20中，虽然将无级变速器50连接在电动机30的输出轴即转动轴24上，但是只要使由离合器40将转动轴24和驱动轴22连接时，转动轴24的转速和驱动轴22的转速一致即可，因此也可以如图5变形例的驱动装置20C所示示例那样，替代无级变速器50，连接变矩器51。此时由于变矩器51能够滑转，因而也可以不设置齿轮机构52。在设置了变矩器51的场合下，如图6变形例的驱动装置20D所示示例那样，也可以将无级变速器50D设置在变矩器51和驱动轴22之间，也可以如图7变形例的驱动装置20E所示示例那样，将无级变速器50E设置在变矩器51和电动机30之间。
上文使用实施例对用于实施本发明的最佳实施形态进行了说明，但是本发明并不局限于上述实施例，不言而喻，在不脱离本发明实质精神范围内，能够实施各种实施形态。
产业上的利用可能性
本发明能够在驱动装置或动力输出装置的制造产业中应用。

Claims (15)

1.一种将驱动力输出到驱动轴上的驱动装置，其包括：
具有定子和转子的电动机，所述定子缠绕有线圈，所述转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用由向上述定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而使该转动轴朝向轴向的一方向移动的移动力，所述转子转动；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的第1动力传送单元；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的与上述第1动力传送单元不同的第2动力传送单元；
伴随着上述转动轴沿上述一方向的移动和上述转动轴沿与该一方向相反的另一方向的移动的切换，切换由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送的动力传送切换单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述动力传送切换单元在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于小于第1规定转矩的低转矩区域时，进行由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于大于等于第2规定转矩的高转矩区域时，进行由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，所述第2规定转矩大于等于上述第1规定转矩。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述动力传送切换单元包括：沿上述另一方向对上述转动轴施加移动力的移动力施加单元，在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述移动力施加单元是将沿上述另一方向作用的作用力施加于上述转动轴的弹簧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述第1动力传送单元是以规定的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元；
上述第2动力传送单元是能够以可变更的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述第2动力传送单元是具有无级变速器的单元。
7.根据权利要求5所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述第2动力传送单元是具有有级变速器的单元。
8.根据权利要求5所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述第2动力传送单元是具有变矩器的单元。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：上述第2动力传送单元是具有位于上述变矩器和上述驱动轴之间的变速器的单元。
10.根据权利要求5所述的驱动装置，其特征在于：还包括：
在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元；和
控制单元，在由上述连接解除单元将上述驱动轴和上述转动轴连接时，该控制单元对上述第2动力传送单元进行控制，从而由上述第2动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动、与由上述第1动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动同步。
11.一种将动力输出到驱动轴上的动力输出装置，其特征在于包括：
具有定子和转子的电动机，所述定子缠绕有线圈，所述转子安装在沿轴向能够移动地被支承的转动轴上，伴随着利用由向上述定子的线圈施加电流所产生的磁场作用而使该转动轴朝向轴向的一方向移动的移动力，所述转子转动；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的第1动力传送单元；
从上述转动轴向上述驱动轴传送动力的与上述第1动力传送单元不同的第2动力传送单元；
伴随着上述转动轴沿上述一方向的移动和上述转动轴沿与该一方向相反的另一方向的移动的切换，切换由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送和由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送的动力传送切换单元；
内燃机；
电力动力输入输出单元，其与上述内燃机的输出轴以及上述驱动轴连接，伴随着电力和动力的输入输出，能够将来自上述内燃机的动力的至少一部分输出到上述驱动轴。
12.根据权利要求11所述的动力输出装置，其特征在于：上述动力传送切换单元在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于小于第1规定转矩的低转矩区域时，进行由上述第1动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，在从上述电动机输出的转矩处于大于等于第2规定转矩的高转矩区域时，进行由上述第2动力传送单元所进行的动力传送，所述第2规定转矩大于等于上述第1规定转矩。
13.根据权利要求11所述的动力输出装置，其特征在于：上述动力传送切换单元包括：沿上述另一方向对上述转动轴施加移动力的移动力施加单元，在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元。
14.根据权利要求11所述的动力输出装置，其特征在于：上述第1动力传送单元是以规定的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元；
上述第2动力传送单元是能够以可变更的变速比将上述转动轴的动力传送到上述驱动轴的单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的动力输出装置，其特征在于：还包括：
在使上述转动轴沿上述一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴连接并且在使上述转动轴沿上述另一方向移动时将上述转动轴和上述驱动轴的连接解除的连接解除单元；和
控制单元，在由上述连接解除单元将上述驱动轴和上述转动轴连接时，该控制单元对上述第2动力传送单元进行控制，从而由上述第2动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动、与由上述第1动力传送单元的动力传送所导致的上述驱动轴的转动相对于上述转动轴的转动同步。
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