CN101188323A - Vacuum distillation industrial device special for recycling abandoned nickel and cadmium cell - Google Patents

Vacuum distillation industrial device special for recycling abandoned nickel and cadmium cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101188323A
CN101188323A CNA2007101910540A CN200710191054A CN101188323A CN 101188323 A CN101188323 A CN 101188323A CN A2007101910540 A CNA2007101910540 A CN A2007101910540A CN 200710191054 A CN200710191054 A CN 200710191054A CN 101188323 A CN101188323 A CN 101188323A
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China
Prior art keywords
vacuum distillation
vacuum
jar
distillation jar
cadmium cell
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CNA2007101910540A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN100499253C (en
Inventor
郑正
聂耳
罗兴章
周培国
盛国大
彭晓成
冯景伟
赵国华
李坤权
高顺枝
张继彪
李继红
黄星发
李军状
李培培
孟卓
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to vacuum distilling industry equipment which is specially used for the reclaiming of waste cadmium-nickel batteries. The equipment comprises a furnace body, and the invention is characterized in that at least a set of vacuum distilling pot (4) is arranged in the furnace body (1). The vacuum distilling pot (4) is divided into a heating section and a condensing section. A calcining trough (11) is arranged in the vacuum distilling pot (4). A cooling water clamping sleeve (14) is arranged on the pot body in the condensing section of the vacuum distilling pot (4). The water inlet and the water outlet of the cooling water clamping sleeve (14) are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe. A vacuum port which is connected with a vacuum pipe (7) is arranged on the vacuum distilling pot (4). The other end of the vacuum pipe (7) is connected with a vacuum pump. The outlet end of the vacuum distilling pot (4) is provided with a sealing piece (13). A screen cage (12) is also arranged in the condensing section of the vacuum distilling pot (4). The equipment can separate cadmium and nickel once, and the invention is vacuum distilling industry equipment which is specially used for the reclaiming of waste cadmium-nickel batteries, and the equipment has the advantages of high material reclaiming rate, good product quality and no secondary pollution.

Description

Abandoned nickel and cadmium cell reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recycling and processing device of abandoned nickel and cadmium cell, particularly a kind of industrial equipment that utilizes vacuum distillation method to reclaim abandoned nickel and cadmium cell.
Background technology
China is the production of ickel-cadmium cell and uses big country, nearly 1.2 hundred million of the annual waste and old ickel-cadmium cell that produces, and discarded ickel-cadmium cell just reached 600,000,000 in 2005.But the waste and old ickel-cadmium cell of China is progressively generated Cd often with common rubbish landfill and burning disposal under the effect of the acid in soil of the Cd in the abandoned nickel and cadmium cell of landfill at present 2+, and enter water body by soil, poison people and animals and marine organisms.Arbitrarily burn nickel-cadmium cell, the high temperature of generation can be brought volatile cadmium into atmosphere, invades soil and water body by effects such as precipitation, the most at last environment and human body is worked the mischief.
Consider from the angle of comprehensive utilization of resources, contain a large amount of valuable metals in the waste and old ickel-cadmium cell and (contain Ni 116~556 grams in every kilogram of refuse battery; Cd 11~173 gram etc.), if can regeneration, can save a large amount of resources, produce considerable economic.
Tsing-Hua University had once applied for " old and useless battery reclaims the vacuum distillation plant of usefulness " by name patent of invention December 14 calendar year 2001, the patent No. is 01144191.7, a kind of vacuum distillation plant that old and useless battery is used that reclaims is disclosed in this patent, mainly comprise body of heater, be arranged on the tubulose vacuum tube in the body of heater, the temperature controller that links to each other with body of heater, take into account emission-control equipment with the vacuum that the tubulose vacuum chamber links to each other, parts such as vacuum pump, it is divided into distilling period and cooling section with the tubulose vacuum chamber, at distilling period high-temperature heating equipment is set, at the cold section low-temperature heating device that a plurality of segmentation controls then are set, and in vacuum chamber, be provided with the trumpet cooler that can slide along whole vacuum chamber, but the distilling apparatus of this structure need carry out multiple spot heating temperature control, input and output material is also inconvenient, poor operability does not possess industrial capacity.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention then is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of material rate of recovery height, good product quality, input and output material abandoned nickel and cadmium cell convenient, non-secondary pollution to reclaim special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
A kind of abandoned nickel and cadmium cell reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, comprise body of heater 1, it is characterized in that in body of heater 1, being provided with at least one group of vacuum distillation jar 4, vacuum distillation jar 4 is divided into bringing-up section and condensation segment, its bringing-up section is positioned at body of heater 1, its condensation segment is positioned at body of heater 1 outside, in vacuum distillation jar 4, be provided with suitable with its heading-length, and the calcining groove 11 that can from vacuum distillation jar 4, extract out, on the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar 4, be provided with and be used for cooling water jecket 14, the water inlet 8 of chuck 14 taps into water pipe 10, its delivery port 9 picks out water pipe 2, be provided with vacuum interface at vacuum distillation jar 4 near on the tank wall of the port of export, it is connected with vacuum tube 7 one ends, and vacuum tube 7 other ends connect vacuum pump; Port of export place at vacuum distillation jar 4 is provided with diaphragm seal 13; In the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar 4, also be provided with sieve cage 12.
Wherein, described vacuum distillation jar 4 is the tubular tank body, and the calcining groove 11 in it is the cylindrical cavity body of upper opening.
Described sieve cage 12 is the cylindrical tube of both ends open, and its mouth of pipe place near vacuum distillation jar 4 ports of export is provided with screen cloth 15, and screen cloth 15 is provided with hook ring 17, and the opposite side of sieve cage 12 is provided with semicircular baffle plate 16, and baffle plate 16 is positioned at the Lower Half of the mouth of pipe.
Vacuum interface on described vacuum distillation jar 4 condensation segments links to each other with vacuum tube 7 by one section bourdon tube 6, bourdon tube 6 interior filling adsorption materials, and be provided with the passive supporting network of sorbing material at the two ends of bourdon tube 6.
Described calcining groove 11 is provided with draw ring 18 by an end of vacuum distillation jar 4 outlets, and convenience is fed in raw material or got material.
The present invention adopts the totally enclosed type vacuum distillation technique, avoided the heavy metal leakage, combustion gas is through handling discharging, it is a kind of environmentally friendly industrial equipment, its charging and discharging simultaneously are very convenient, can calcine a plurality of alembics simultaneously, and the isolated yield of cadmium is big, quality good, nickel obtains more than 99.9% reclaiming, and is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front schematic view of vacuum distillation plant of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vacuum distillation jar structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 calcines the groove vertical view for the present invention.
Fig. 4 sieves the structural representation of cage for the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of screen cloth of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention utilizes vacuum distillation method to realize the separation of cadmium.Vacuum distillation be utilize the gasification substance temperature with pressure successively decrease and the principle that reduces realize gasifying various materials respectively at a lower temperature and the purpose that reaches separation.Boiling point is 765 ℃ a cadmium metal, and when air pressure was reduced to 0.101mbar, 250 ℃ can be gasified.And the boiling point of nickel is up to 2920 ℃, even when air pressure reduces, gasification temperature is still high a lot of than cadmium, can realize separating more fully of cadmium, nickel thus.Reduction reaction at high temperature takes place in cadmium oxide and reducing agent, generates cadmium simple substance, is vaporized, and diffuses to low-pressure area, and through the condensation segment condensation, cadmium is become solid-state by gaseous state, and is trapped.Collect the product in the condensation segment,, produce the pure cadmium product through refining.The material that is not vaporized mainly contains the ferronickel metal, through refining, produces dilval.Because this device adopts the totally enclosed type vacuum distillation technique, has avoided the heavy metal leakage, combustion gas does not produce secondary pollution through handling discharging.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples invention is further described:
Shown in Fig. 1-5.
The present invention includes body of heater 1 and vacuum distillation jar 4, the vacuum distillation jar had bringing-up section and condensation segment two in 4 minutes partly, and its bringing-up section is positioned at body of heater 1, its condensation segment is positioned at body of heater 1 outside, in order to adapt to suitability for industrialized production, multi-group vacuum alembic 4 can be set, in body of heater 1 to improve treating capacity.In vacuum distillation jar 4, be provided with its bringing-up section length of tank quite, and the calcining groove 11 that can extract out, calcining groove 11 is provided with draw ring 18 by an end of vacuum distillation jar 4 outlets, and is convenient reinforced or get material.Vacuum distillation jar 4 can adopt the tubular tank body, and 11 of calcining grooves in it are the cylindrical cavity body of upper opening, is used to place old and useless battery in the cavity of calcining groove 11.Vacuum distillation jar 4 also can adopt other shape, and as square tube shape tank body etc., calcining groove 11 shapes in it can make corresponding changes.Be provided with cooling water jecket 14 on the tank body of vacuum distillation jar 4 condensation segments, its water inlet 8 connects water inlet pipe 10, delivery port 9 connection outlet pipes 2 by leather hose 3.Be provided with vacuum interface at vacuum distillation jar 4 near on the tank wall of the port of export, it is connected with vacuum tube 7 one ends, and vacuum tube 7 other ends connect vacuum pump, are used for vacuum distillation jar 4 is evacuated, and the model of vacuum pump is according to power selection.As mentioned above, in the body of heater 1 of the present invention a plurality of vacuum distillation jars 4 can be set, this moment, delivery port, water inlet, the vacuum interface on each vacuum distillation jar can correspondingly simultaneously be connected to identical outlet pipe, water inlet pipe and vacuum tube, calcining distillation when being convenient to realize a plurality of vacuum distillation jar.
The present invention can also be provided with sieve cage 12 with the diaphragm seal 13 of vacuum distillation jar 4 sealings the port of export being provided with of vacuum distillation jar 4 in the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar 4.Diaphragm seal 13 can be opened the time marquis of charging and discharging.Described sieve cage 12 is the cylindrical tube of both ends open, its outer diameter and vacuum distillation jar 4 condensation segment inwalls match, and sieve cage 12 is provided with screen cloth 15 near the mouth of pipe of vacuum distillation jar 4 ports of export, and its aperture is 1~10mm, porosity is 40~60%, is used for holding back being condensed into solid-state cadmium.Screen cloth 15 is provided with hook ring 17, conveniently will sieve cage 12 and take out from vacuum distillation jar 4.The other end of sieve cage 12 is provided with semicircular baffle plate 16, and baffle plate 16 is positioned at the Lower Half of the mouth of pipe, can prevent to be condensed into solid-state cadmium product and get back to bringing-up section once more, is convenient to the collection of cadmium product.
The present invention is provided with the bourdon tube 6 that connects vacuum interface and vacuum tube 7 on vacuum distillation jar 4 condensation segments, in order to solve vacuum distillation jar 4 and vacuum tube 7 owing to the different problems that cause of expanded by heating coefficient.Filling adsorption materials and be provided with the passive supporting network of sorbing material at the two ends of bourdon tube 6 in the bourdon tube 6, sorbing material wherein can adopt asbestos, active carbon or its mixture, is used for purifying distillation tail gas.On vacuum tube 7 vacuum gauge 5 can be set, whether the vacuum that is used for detecting vacuum tube 7 reaches production requirement.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
During operation, open diaphragm seal 13, extract sieve cage 12 and calcining groove 11 successively out, abandoned nickel and cadmium cell raw material and reducing agent (as powdered carbon) are put in the calcining groove 11, to calcine the bringing-up section that groove 11 is put into vacuum distillation jar 4 again, to sieve the condensation segment that cage 12 is put into vacuum distillation jar 4 then, close diaphragm seal 13 at last, and make vacuum distillation jar 4 keep sealing.Adopt coal, oil, natural gas etc. that body of heater 1 is heated then, and unlatching vacuum pump, body of heater 1 is by the conduction of heat heating, vacuum alembic 4 of self, make the cadmium vaporization in the abandoned nickel and cadmium cell in the calcining groove 11, cadmium after the vaporization is during through the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar 4, is condensed into solid-state and locates attached to sieve cage 12 and vacuum distillation jar 4 inwalls etc.When distillation is finished, open diaphragm seal 13, collect cadmium powder or the cadmium piece that sieve cage 12 and vacuum distillation jar inwall etc. locate and carry out refining; Pull out calcining groove 11, not vaporized material carries out refining in the collection calcining groove 11, produces dilval.The present invention also can adopt Electric heating, and can be designed to resistance furnace this moment with body of heater 1, utilizes resistance furnace directly vacuum distillation jar 4 to be heated.
The undeclared part of other that the present invention relates to is same as the prior art or adopt prior art to be realized.

Claims (5)

1. an abandoned nickel and cadmium cell reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, comprise body of heater (1), it is characterized in that in body of heater (1), being provided with at least one group of vacuum distillation jar (4), vacuum distillation jar (4) is divided into bringing-up section and condensation segment, its bringing-up section is positioned at body of heater (1), its condensation segment is positioned at body of heater (1) outside, in vacuum distillation jar (4), be provided with suitable with its heading-length, and the calcining groove (11) that can from vacuum distillation jar (4), extract out, on the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar (4), be provided with cooling water jecket (14), the water inlet (8) of cooling water jecket (14) taps into water pipe (10), its delivery port (9) picks out water pipe (2), be provided with vacuum interface at vacuum distillation jar (4) near on the tank wall of the port of export, it is connected with vacuum tube (7) one ends, and vacuum tube (7) other end connects vacuum pump; Be provided with diaphragm seal (13) at the port of export place of vacuum distillation jar (4); In the condensation segment of vacuum distillation jar (4), also be provided with sieve cage (12).
2. abandoned nickel and cadmium cell according to claim 1 reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, it is characterized in that described vacuum distillation jar (4) is the tubular tank body, and the calcining groove (11) in it then is the cylindrical cavity body of upper opening.
3. abandoned nickel and cadmium cell according to claim 1 reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, it is characterized in that described sieve cage (12) is the cylindrical tube of both ends open, its mouth of pipe place near vacuum distillation jar (4) port of export is provided with screen cloth (15), screen cloth (15) is provided with hook ring (17), the opposite side of sieve cage (12) is provided with semicircular baffle plate (16), and baffle plate (16) is positioned at the Lower Half of the mouth of pipe.
4. abandoned nickel and cadmium cell according to claim 1 reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, it is characterized in that the vacuum interface on described vacuum distillation jar (4) condensation segment links to each other with vacuum tube (7) by one section bourdon tube (6), the interior filling adsorption material of bourdon tube (6), and be provided with the passive supporting network of sorbing material at the two ends of bourdon tube (6).
5. abandoned nickel and cadmium cell according to claim 1 reclaims special-purpose vacuum distillation industrial device, it is characterized in that described calcining groove (11) is provided with draw ring (18) by an end of vacuum distillation jar (4) outlet.
CNB2007101910540A 2007-12-07 2007-12-07 Vacuum distillation industrial device special for recycling abandoned nickel and cadmium cell Expired - Fee Related CN100499253C (en)

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CNB2007101910540A CN100499253C (en) 2007-12-07 2007-12-07 Vacuum distillation industrial device special for recycling abandoned nickel and cadmium cell

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB2007101910540A CN100499253C (en) 2007-12-07 2007-12-07 Vacuum distillation industrial device special for recycling abandoned nickel and cadmium cell

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CN100499253C CN100499253C (en) 2009-06-10

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102324592A (en) * 2011-07-27 2012-01-18 上海交通大学 Method for recovering cadmium, ferrum, nickel and cobalt from used nickel-cadmium battery
CN108854127A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-11-23 于家丰 Condenser pipe and distilling apparatus
CN110016574A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-07-16 昆明理工大学 Simple substance cadmium efficient recycling method and system in a kind of high temperature flue gas containing cadmium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102324592A (en) * 2011-07-27 2012-01-18 上海交通大学 Method for recovering cadmium, ferrum, nickel and cobalt from used nickel-cadmium battery
CN108854127A (en) * 2018-08-15 2018-11-23 于家丰 Condenser pipe and distilling apparatus
CN110016574A (en) * 2019-03-18 2019-07-16 昆明理工大学 Simple substance cadmium efficient recycling method and system in a kind of high temperature flue gas containing cadmium

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Granted publication date: 20090610

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