CN107880936B

CN107880936B - Efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system

Info

Publication number: CN107880936B
Application number: CN201711128934.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋武庆; 李莉
Original assignee: Qingdao Kexin New Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Kexin New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-11-15
Filing date: 2017-11-15
Publication date: 2020-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-15
Also published as: CN107880936A

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system which comprises a feeder, a furnace body, a dust remover, a cooler, a tar remover, a tar separator, a filter, a Roots blower, a flow divider and a generator set, wherein the feeder feeds raw materials into the furnace body by using a bucket elevator, the furnace body is provided with a settling chamber, and the settling chamber is connected with the dust remover through a first connecting pipe; the dust remover is connected with the cooler through a second connecting pipe; the cooler is connected with a tar remover through a first gas transmission pipeline, and the tar remover is provided with a double waste liquid bin; the tar remover is connected with the tar separator through a second gas transmission pipeline; the tar separator is connected with the filter through a third gas transmission pipe; the filter is connected with the Roots blower through a fourth gas transmission pipeline; the flow divider is connected with the generator set through a seventh gas transmission pipeline. The invention adopts the bucket elevator feeding, microwave assistance, double waste chamber and sensor linkage control technology, thereby not only saving energy, but also improving production efficiency.

Description

Efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biomass gasification furnaces, in particular to a high-efficiency biomass synthesis gas power generation system.

Background

Energy is an important supporting factor for human survival and development, and the survival and development of human society are concerned, but with the rapid development of world economy and the rapid increase of the number of vehicles, the energy such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like is rapidly consumed, so that the energy shortage and the products after the energy utilization become important sources of environmental pollution, and the efficient clean utilization and sustainable development of the energy become the subjects of the current times. The renewable novel clean energy is developed and utilized, the dependence and consumption on fossil energy are reduced, the emission of greenhouse gas is reduced, and the method becomes a consensus on relieving the energy crisis and solving the problem of environmental pollution; among them, biomass is attracting much attention for its cleanliness and zero emission. In China, the reserves of biomass mainly comprising crop straws and wood waste are abundant, so that the significance of developing and utilizing biomass energy is great.

The biomass power generation technology is a biomass energy utilization technology which is rapidly developed and has the most potential recently, and biomass gasification power generationThe system comprises: gasifier, gas clean system and gas generating set. In the pyrolysis process of the biomass raw material, CO and CH are not generated₄、H₂Besides combustible gases, other harmful impurities such as tar and ash (dust, carbon particles, alkali metals) are also contained. If the harmful substances mixed in the combustible gas are not removed, the normal operation of the equipment is seriously influenced, the gasification efficiency is reduced, and the environment is polluted.

The combustible gas produced in the production process of the biomass gasification furnace in the prior art has excessive tar and ash content; the continuous material adding process is complex, and the materials are supplied discontinuously, so that the working process is difficult to control, and the production efficiency of the machine is low in the production and use processes; in addition, the raw materials of the biomass gasification furnace have poor adaptability, and combustible gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis is unstable, so that the subsequent generator set is difficult to control the generating efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the content of tar and ash is excessive, the continuous adding process of materials is complex, the materials are supplied discontinuously, the working process is difficult to control, the production efficiency is low, the adaptability of raw materials of the biomass gasification furnace is poor, the combustible gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis is unstable, the generating efficiency of a generating set is low and the like in the process of generating the combustible gas by high-temperature pyrolysis in the prior art, the invention provides the high-efficiency biomass gasification furnace which adopts the bucket elevator feeding, microwave auxiliary, double waste material chambers and sensor linkage control technology, the biomass raw materials are fed into a feeding hole through a bucket elevator feeding device, the purification treatment is carried out through the high-temperature pyrolysis of the gasification furnace and the microwave auxiliary pyrolysis, a dust remover and a tar remover are combined with a double waste liquid bin and the sensor linkage control technology, and the gas is supplied to the generating set through, not only saves energy, but also enables the generator set to be produced stably.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system comprises a feeder, a furnace body, a dust remover, a cooler, a tar remover, a tar separator, a filter, a Roots blower, a flow divider and a generator set, wherein the feeder feeds a biomass raw material into the furnace body through a discharge port by using a bucket elevator feeder, the furnace body is provided with an ash storage device, the ash storage device is connected with an ash storage device through a spiral ash remover, the furnace body is provided with a settling chamber, and the settling chamber is connected with the dust remover through a first connecting pipe through a first filter screen; the dust remover is equipped with whirlwind clean room and dual waste material room that stores up, dual waste material room that stores up is: a first waste storage chamber and a second waste storage chamber; the dust remover is connected with the cooler through a second connecting pipe through a second filter screen, the cooler is connected with the tar remover through a third filter screen and a first gas transmission pipeline, the tar remover is provided with a condensing pipe and a double waste liquid bin, and the tar remover is connected with the tar separator through a fourth filter screen and a second gas transmission pipeline; the tar separator is provided with a centrifugal machine and sends gas into the filter through a third gas transmission pipe, and the filter and the tar separator are arranged in the same tar separation device; the filter is connected with the Roots blower through a fourth gas transmission pipeline, and the flow divider is respectively connected with the fourth gas transmission pipeline and the Roots blower through a fifth gas transmission pipeline and a sixth gas transmission pipeline; the flow divider is connected with the generator set through a seventh gas transmission pipeline.

According to the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the particle size of the biomass raw material conveyed by the feeding machine through the bucket elevator feeder is 0-30 cm, and biomass materials with the particle size of 0-30 cm can be fully pyrolyzed in the furnace body.

The efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system is characterized in that the ash storage device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, the ash storage device intelligently controls the stirring ash discharging device of the spiral ash remover by sensing the change of the temperature in the furnace chamber, and the stirring ash discharging device sends ash to the ash storage device.

According to the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the settling chamber is provided with the baffle, and the baffle can block dust with large particles from settling under the action of gravity; the settling chamber is provided with a temperature sensor, microwave heating auxiliary equipment is arranged outside the settling chamber, the microwave heating auxiliary equipment can heat the settling chamber, and tar components in the gas are further cracked after the temperature of the settling chamber reaches the temperature set by the temperature sensor; the settling chamber is provided with a pressure sensor, and when the pressure in the settling chamber exceeds the value set by the pressure sensor, the speed of furnace body air inlet and settling chamber air outlet can be properly adjusted and controlled to relieve the pressure. The tar in the gas is cracked by the microwaves, so that the heat value of the gas is increased, and the tar content of the gas is reduced.

Foretell an efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, first filter screen is equipped with filter screen first filter layer, filter screen second filter layer, filter screen third filter layer, and the aperture of first filter layer, filter screen second filter layer, filter screen third filter layer reduces in proper order.

In the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the first filter screen can be detached in time for cleaning and replacement.

In the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the cyclone dust removal chamber is provided with 4-6 cyclone dust collectors.

The efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system is characterized in that the first waste storage chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and a position sensor, and the second waste storage chamber is provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a position sensor.

In the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the filter is provided with the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the filter cloth net layer.

In the efficient biomass synthesis gas power generation system, the Roots blower is provided with the frequency conversion device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and prominent effects:

the high-efficiency biomass synthesis gas power generation system has the beneficial effects that the bucket elevator feeding, microwave assistance, double waste material chambers and sensor linkage control technology are adopted, so that the defects that the content of tar and ash is too high, the continuous material adding process is complex, the materials are supplied discontinuously, the working process is difficult to control, the production efficiency is low, the raw material adaptability of the biomass gasification furnace is poor, the combustible gas is unstable, the power generation efficiency of the generator set is low and the like in the process of generating the combustible gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of the traditional gasification furnace are effectively overcome. The biomass raw material is fed into the feed inlet through the hopper type lifter feeder, the high-temperature pyrolysis of the gasification furnace and the auxiliary pyrolysis of the microwave are carried out, the purification treatment of the dust remover and the tar remover combined with the double waste liquid bin and the sensor linkage control technology is carried out, and the gas is supplied to the generator set through the diverter by the Roots blower provided with the frequency conversion device, so that the energy is saved, and the generator set can be stably produced.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a filter;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the first filter.

In the figure, 1, a feeder, 2, a discharge hole, 3, a furnace body, 4, an ash storage device, 4-1, a spiral ash remover, 4-2, an ash storage device, 5, a settling chamber, 6, a first filter screen, 6-1, a first layer of filter screen, 6-2, a second layer of filter screen, 6-3, a third layer of filter screen, 7, a first connecting pipe, 8, a first switch valve, 9, a dust remover, 10, a cyclone dust removing chamber, 11, a first waste storage chamber, 12, a second waste storage chamber, 13, a second filter screen, 14, a second switch valve, 15, a second connecting pipe, 16, a cooler, 17, a third switch valve, 17-1, a third filter screen, 18, a first gas transmission pipeline, 19, a fourth switch valve, 20, a tar remover, 21, a condensation pipe, 22, a tar storage chamber, 23, a fourth filter screen, 24, a fifth switch valve, 25, a second gas transmission pipeline, 26. the third switch valve, 27, the tar separator, 28, the centrifuge, 29, the seventh switch valve, 30, the third gas transmission pipeline, 31, the filter, 31-1, the first filter layer, 31-2, the second filter layer, 31-3, the filter cloth net, 32, the eighth switch valve, 33, the fourth gas transmission pipeline, 34, the ninth switch valve, 35, the Roots blower, 36, the first switch valve of the flow divider, 37, the second switch valve of the flow divider, 38, the fifth gas transmission pipeline, 39, the tenth switch valve, 40, the eleventh switch valve, 41, the sixth gas transmission pipeline, 42, the flow divider, 43, the twelfth switch valve, 44, the seventh gas transmission pipeline and 45.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the content of the specific structure and the operation principle of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the following embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention. It is within the scope of the invention for a person skilled in the art to derive other embodiments from the figures and embodiments without inventive step.

[ example 1 ]

A high-efficiency biomass synthesis gas power generation system comprises a feeder 1, a furnace body 3, a dust remover 9, a cooler 16, a tar remover 20, a tar separator 27, a filter 31, a Roots blower 35, a flow divider 42 and a generator set 45, wherein the feeder 1 feeds biomass raw materials into the furnace body 3 through a discharge port 2 by using a bucket elevator feeder, the furnace body 3 is provided with an ash storage device 4, the ash storage device 4 is connected with an ash storage device 4-2 through a spiral ash remover 4-1, the furnace body 3 is provided with a settling chamber 5, and the settling chamber 5 is connected with the dust remover 9 through a first filter screen 6 and a first connecting pipe 7; the dust remover 9 is provided with a cyclone dust removal chamber 10 and a dual waste storage chamber, wherein the dual waste storage chamber is as follows: a first waste storage chamber 11 and a second waste storage chamber 12; the dust remover 9 is connected with a cooler 16 through a second filter screen 13 and a second connecting pipe 15, the cooler 16 is connected with a tar remover 20 through a third filter screen 17-1 and a first gas transmission pipeline 18, the tar remover 20 is provided with a condensing pipe 21, the tar remover 20 is provided with a double waste liquid bin, and the tar remover 20 is connected with a tar separator 27 through a fourth filter screen 23 and a second gas transmission pipeline 25; the tar separator 27 is provided with a centrifuge 28, the tar separator 27 sends gas into a filter 31 through a third gas conveying pipe 30, and the filter 31 and the tar separator 27 are arranged in the same tar separation device; the filter 31 is connected with the Roots blower 35 through a fourth gas transmission pipeline 33, and the flow divider 42 is respectively connected with the fourth gas transmission pipeline 33 and the Roots blower 35 through a fifth gas transmission pipeline 38 and a sixth gas transmission pipeline 41; the flow divider 42 is connected to a generator set 45 via a seventh gas line 44.

The particle size of the biomass raw material conveyed by the feeder 1 through a bucket elevator feeder is 25cm, and the biomass material with the particle size of 25cm can be fully pyrolyzed in the furnace body 3.

The ash storage device 4 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 3, the ash storage device 4 intelligently controls the stirring ash discharging device of the spiral ash remover 4-1 by sensing the change of the temperature in the furnace chamber, and the stirring ash discharging device sends ash to the ash storage device 4-2.

The settling chamber 5 is provided with a baffle which can block the dust with large particles from settling under the action of gravity; the settling chamber 5 is provided with a temperature sensor, microwave heating auxiliary equipment is arranged outside the settling chamber 5, the microwave heating auxiliary equipment can heat the settling chamber 5, and tar components in the gas are further cracked after the temperature of the settling chamber 5 reaches the temperature set by the temperature sensor; the settling chamber 5 is provided with a pressure sensor, and when the pressure in the settling chamber 5 exceeds a value set by the pressure sensor, the rates of the furnace body 3 gas inlet and the settling chamber 5 gas outlet can be properly adjusted and controlled to relieve the pressure.

The first filter screen 6 is provided with a first filter screen filter layer 6-1, a second filter screen filter layer 6-2 and a third filter screen filter layer 6-3, and the aperture of the first filter layer 6-1, the second filter screen filter layer 6-2 and the third filter screen filter layer 6-3 is reduced in sequence.

The first filter 6 can be removed in time for cleaning and replacement.

The cyclone dust chamber 10 is provided with 6 cyclone dust collectors.

The first waste storage chamber 11 is provided with a pressure sensor and a position sensor, and the second waste storage chamber 12 is provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a position sensor.

The filter 31 is provided with a first filter layer 31-1, a second filter layer 31-2 and a filter cloth net layer 31-3.

The Roots blower 35 is provided with a frequency conversion device.

When the biomass furnace works, firstly, a biomass raw material is fed into a furnace body 3 through a bucket elevator feeder in a feeder 1, gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of the furnace body 3 is stored in a settling chamber 5, generated slag and ash are conveyed to an ash storage device 4-2 through an ash storage device 4 through a spiral ash remover 4-1, the gas in the settling chamber 5 reaches the temperature set by a temperature sensor through microwave-assisted heating, tar components in the gas are further cracked and discharged from the furnace body 3, and the generated gas and the original gas are filtered through a first filter screen and are conveyed to a dust remover 9 through a first connecting pipe 7; ash waste is removed through a cyclone dust collector in the dust collector 9, a pressure sensor senses the pressure of the ash waste and a position sensor senses the position of the ash waste, a valve of a first waste storage chamber 11 is automatically opened after a set value is reached, ash is discharged to a second waste storage chamber 12, and the ash waste is further controlled through a temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the position sensor and then discharged; the treated gas enters a tar remover 20, the cooled tar through a condensation pipe 21 falls into a tar storage in a liquid state, then the gas enters a centrifuge 28 in a tar separator 27, tar and ash are removed through the centrifugal action, the treated gas enters a filter 31, and the combustion standard of clean gas is achieved through the double-layer filtration of the filter; a part of the treated clean gas enters the Roots blower 35 through the fourth gas transmission pipeline 33, a part of the treated clean gas enters the flow divider 42 through the fourth gas transmission pipeline 33, and the Roots blower controls the flow rate of the gas entering the flow divider 42 through a frequency conversion device; the gas in the splitter is sent in a steady flow through a seventh gas duct 44 to a generator set 45 for power generation.

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency biomass synthesis gas power generation system comprises a feeder (1), a furnace body (3), a dust remover (9), a cooler (16), a tar remover (20), a tar separator (27), a filter (31), a Roots blower (35), a flow divider (42) and a power generator set (45), wherein the feeder (1) feeds biomass raw materials into the furnace body (3) through a discharge port (2) by utilizing a bucket elevator feeder, the furnace body (3) is provided with an ash storage device (4), the ash storage device (4) is connected with an ash storage device (4-2) through a spiral ash remover (4-1), the furnace body (3) is provided with a settling chamber (5), and the settling chamber (5) is connected with the dust remover (9) through a first connecting pipe (7) through a first filter screen (6); dust remover (9) are equipped with whirlwind clean room (10) and dual waste material room of storing up, dual waste material room of storing up is: a first waste storage chamber (11) and a second waste storage chamber (12); the dust remover (9) is connected with a cooler (16) through a second filter screen (13) by a second connecting pipe (15), the cooler (16) is connected with a tar remover (20) through a third filter screen (17-1) by a first gas transmission pipeline (18), the tar remover (20) is provided with a condensing pipe (21), the tar remover (20) is provided with a double waste liquid bin, and the tar remover (20) is connected with a tar separator (27) through a fourth filter screen (23) by a second gas transmission pipeline (25); the tar separator (27) is provided with a centrifugal machine (28), the tar separator (27) sends gas to a filter (31) through a third gas conveying pipe (30), and the filter (31) and the tar separator (27) are arranged in the same tar separation device; the filter (31) is connected with the Roots blower (35) through a fourth gas transmission pipeline (33), and the flow divider (42) is respectively connected with the fourth gas transmission pipeline (33) and the Roots blower (35) through a fifth gas transmission pipeline (38) and a sixth gas transmission pipeline (41); the flow divider (42) is connected with a generator set (45) through a seventh gas transmission pipeline (44).

2. The efficient biobased syngas power generation system of claim 1, characterized by the ash storage device (4) at the bottom of the furnace body (3), the ash storage device (4) intelligently controls the stirring ash discharger of the spiral ash remover (4-1) by sensing the change of the temperature inside the furnace chamber, and the stirring ash discharger distributes the ash to the ash storage device (4-2).

3. The efficient biomass syngas power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the first filter screen (6) is provided with a first filter screen layer (6-1), a second filter screen layer (6-2) and a third filter screen layer (6-3), and the pore diameters of the first filter screen layer (6-1), the second filter screen layer (6-2) and the third filter screen layer (6-3) are sequentially reduced.

4. The high efficiency biomass syngas power generation system of claim 1 or 3, wherein the first filter screen (6) can be removed in time for cleaning and replacement.

5. The high efficiency biomass syngas electric power generation system of claim 1, characterized in that the first storage waste chamber (11) is provided with a pressure sensor and a position sensor, and the second storage waste chamber (12) is provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a position sensor.

6. The high efficiency biomass syngas power generation system of claim 1, wherein the filter (31) is provided with a first filter layer (31-1), a second filter layer (31-2) and a filter cloth mesh layer (31-3).

7. The high efficiency biomass syngas power generation system of claim 1, wherein the roots blower (35) is provided with a variable frequency device.