CN101172062A - 弓形股骨套件 - Google Patents

弓形股骨套件 Download PDF

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CN101172062A
CN101172062A CNA2007101944072A CN200710194407A CN101172062A CN 101172062 A CN101172062 A CN 101172062A CN A2007101944072 A CNA2007101944072 A CN A2007101944072A CN 200710194407 A CN200710194407 A CN 200710194407A CN 101172062 A CN101172062 A CN 101172062A
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femoral
perforate
femoral sleeve
sleeve
main body
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CN101172062B (zh
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A·P·赖特
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DePuy Products Inc
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DePuy Products Inc
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Abstract

一种模制的股骨关节假体包括有一杆从其延伸的股骨部件，股骨柄，以及设计为连接股骨组件后端与股骨柄的股骨套件。股骨套件的后部在矢状面上成弓形。

Description

弓形股骨套件
技术领域
[0001]本公开涉及一种医疗设备，更特别是一种假体关节部件。特别是，本公开涉及一种用于膝关节置换手术的股骨关节假体。
背景技术
[0002]关节成形术是一种众所周知的外科手术，它用假体关节替换有病的或受损的自然关节。典型的膝关节假体包括胫骨托盘，股骨部件，和位于胫骨托盘与股骨部件之间的聚合物轴承。股骨部件通常包括一对间隔开的髁部分，其表面与聚合物轴承的相应表面接合。股骨部件有一柄或杆，能够被植入大腿骨末端的骨髓腔以提供稳定性。例如在涉及大的骨髓腔的修正膝关节置换的过程或其他过程，可将股骨套件与股骨部件相连接以方便附加固定。典型地，股骨套件在骨髓腔的开口处操作以便填满间隔或空隙。
发明内容
[0003]本发明包括一个或多个如权利要求或以下特征或其组合所列举的特征。
[0004]根据本公开的一方面，股骨套件被设计成连结延伸有一杆的股骨部件和股骨柄。股骨套包括主体，其具有(i)第一开孔，设计成收纳所述的杆，以及(ii)第二开孔，设计成收纳所述股骨柄的一部分。第一开孔定义了第一纵轴线，第二开孔定义了一与第一纵轴线相交以定义其间相交成锐角的第二纵轴线。
[0005]说明的是，相交形成的锐角为2-5°。特别的，相交形成的锐角约为3°。
[0006]股骨套件的第一开孔形成于主体的远端表面，定义一锥形的内表面，而第二开孔则形成于主体的近端表面，定义一螺纹内表面。可选的，第二开孔可定义一锥形的内表面。
[0007]股骨套件的主体包括一等高外表面，其定义了的多个阶梯状部分。说明的是，每个阶梯状部分与其他阶梯状部分相比成角度。主体部分可包括4个阶梯状部分。
[0008]进一步说明的是，股骨套件包括个定义了远端平面的远端表面，和定义了近端平面的近端表面。远端平面与近端平面相交以界定其间相交的锐角。
[0009]在矢平面，套件主体的后部呈弓形。
[0010]根据本公开的另一方面，模制股关节假体包括具有第一开孔和第二开孔的股骨套件。股骨套件在后方向上呈弓形。该关节假体进一步包括具有关节连结的髁表面的股骨部件、具有保护股骨部件的第一端部的杆、以及股骨柄。股骨柄被设计成可植入大腿骨末端的骨髓腔，并包括位于股骨套件第二开孔的第一端部和从近端远离股骨套件延伸的第二端部。
[0011]说明的是，第一开孔定义了第一纵轴线，第二开孔定义了与第一纵轴线相交以定义其间相交成一锐角的第二纵轴线。第二纵轴线也与沿垂直于股骨套件的远端表面定义的平面延伸的虚线相交成一锐角。进一步，第一纵轴线可与该虚线匹配。可选的，第一纵轴线与该虚线相交。在一些实施例中，相交形成的锐角为2-5°，而在另一些实施例中，相交形成的锐角约为3°。
[0012]根据本公开的另一方面，设计成与股骨柄和具有一杆从其延伸的股骨部件配合使用的股骨套件包括被构造成收纳所述杆于其中的第一开孔和被构造成收纳股骨柄于其中的第二开孔。股骨套件进一步包括第一阶梯状部分，其定义了当从股骨套件的中心矢状面的断面看时，沿第一阶梯状部分的前表面延伸的第一虚线；以及第二阶梯状部分，其定义了当从股骨套件的中心矢状面的断面看时，沿第二阶梯状部分的前表面延伸的第二虚线。第一虚线与第二虚线相交以定义其间相交的锐角。
[0013]说明的是，该相交形成的锐角约为1°。
[0014]股骨套件可进一步包括第三阶梯状部分和第四阶梯状部分，它们每一个分别定义当从股骨套件中心矢状面的断面看时，沿各自部分的前表面延伸的第三虚线和第四虚线。第三虚线可与第二虚线相交，定义约为1°的第二和第三虚线间交叉的第二锐角。进一步，第四虚线可与第三虚线相交，定义约为1°的第三和第四虚线间交叉的第三锐角。
[0015]进一步说明的是，股骨套件的第一开孔可定义第一纵轴线，第二开孔可定义在矢状面上相对于第一纵轴线成角度的第二纵轴线。
[0016]在考虑了下面详细地描述和作为按前面理解的公开执行最佳示例的说明性实施例的附图后，本公开的以上和其他特征对本领域技术人员而言将会是显然的。
附图说明
[0017]详细描述特别涉及以下附图，其中：
[0018]图1是模制的股骨关节假体的分解透视图；
[0019]图2是图1模制的股骨关节假体的侧视剖面分解图；
[0020]图3是图1和2模制的股骨关节假体的股骨套件的沿中心矢状面的剖面侧视图；
[0021]图4是图1和2组装的模制股骨关节假体的侧视图；
[0022]图5是图4沿线5-5的剖面正视图；
[0023]图6是与模制的股骨关节假体的股骨套件连接的备选柄部件的剖面正视图；
[0024]图7是组装的模制股骨关节假体的正视图；
[0025]图8是图7沿线8-8的侧视剖面图。
具体实施方式
[0026]虽然本公开的观念易于有各种修改和替代形式，但是作为附图中的示例已经显示了其具体的有代表性的实施例并在此将进行详细描述。然而，应该理解的是，本公开的观念并不仅限于已公开的具体形式，恰恰相反，本公开覆盖了落在如附加权利要求所定义的本发明精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替换。
[0027]如图1和图2所示，模制的股骨膝关节假体10包括股骨部件12，股骨套件14，股骨柄16。如图所示，股骨部件12具有莫尔斯锥度杆20和通过螺钉26将其固定的环22。如图5和7所示，杆20设计为远离股骨部件12沿近端方向延伸，并与股骨部件12侧向成角度。如图所示，虽然股骨部件12是模制的，并包括与之连结的杆20，但是在本公开的范围内包括具有与其集成在一起的杆的股骨套件。
[0028]在膝关节置换或修复手术中，股骨假体10设计成被植入已准备就绪的患者的股骨的远端(未示出)。股骨部件12模仿患者自身的股骨结构来设计。同样地，股骨部件12的弯曲的髁的表面30，32通过关节与一对相应轴承的胫骨表面相接(未示出)，该胫骨植入到患者胫骨的远端。
[0029]如图1-4和8所示，股骨套件14的后部在矢状面上成弓形，以便与患者股骨远端的解剖学上的弓形更相一致。当股骨的远端腔体需要靠套件提供的附加固定时，股骨套件14主要被用于膝关节替换手术。这里所说的应用到股骨套件上的术语“弓形”，是指通常的由穿过股骨套件的中心从套件的远端到从套件的近端延伸的虚线或线段集所形成的弓形形状。例如，如图4所示，由穿过股骨套件14的中心从股骨套件14的远端表面40到近端表面42延伸的虚线24定义一个大致的弓形或弯曲的形状。
[30]现在看图3，股骨套件14包括具有第一开孔或远端开孔46的主体。开孔46开在股骨套件14的远端表面40，并向近侧延伸入股骨套件14的主体。示意地，如图3所示，第一纵轴线48通过远端开孔46延伸。远端开口46由一锥形的内表面50定义，这样远端开孔46就可以定义阴形锥。具体的，如图5和8所示，远端开口46定义了设计成收纳股骨部件12的锥形柄20的阴莫尔斯锥度。
[0031]股骨套件14进一步包括第二开孔或近端开孔52。近端开孔52开在股骨套件14的近端表面42，并向远侧延伸入股骨套件14的主体。如图中所示的股骨套件14，远端开孔46和近端开孔52相互相通；不过，在本公开的范围内，也包括股骨套件的近端开孔和远端开孔不相通的情况。股骨套件14的近端开孔52和远端开孔46之间定义了一肩部54。说明性的，如图3所示，第二纵轴线56穿过近端开孔52的中心延伸，并与远端开孔46的纵轴线48相交。也就是说，纵轴线48、56既不在同一条直线上，也不平行。近端开孔52与近端开孔46成角度，以在纵轴线48和56之间定义相交60的锐角。在一说明性示例中，角60为2-5°，在另一说明性示例中，角60约为3°。不过，在本公开的范围之内，也包括具有远端开孔和近端开孔彼此成任何适合的锐角角度的股骨套件。
[0032]进一步说明的是，远端开孔46的纵轴线48基本上是垂直的。也就是说，远端开孔46的纵轴线48与套件14的远端表面40定义的平面相垂直，并与垂直该平面的虚垂线在同一直线上。可选的，远端开孔46的纵轴线48也可以与套件14的远端表面40定义的平面不相垂直。
[0033]套件14的近端开孔52的内表面是螺纹，其定义了内螺纹66。如图1，2，5和8所示，股骨柄16包括车螺纹的远端轴68，该轴被设计成旋入近端开孔52，以将股骨柄16和股骨套件14连结起来。如图所示，虽然近端开孔52的整个内表面车有螺纹并且股骨柄16的远端轴68的整个外表面都有螺纹，但是在本公开的范围内，只有开孔52和远端轴68的配合部分才有螺纹。
[0034]在另一个可选实施例中，开孔52的内表面不是螺纹的，例如，如图6所示。螺钉70定位在套件14的开孔46和52内。具体的，螺钉70的头部72定位在远端开孔46内，而螺钉70的螺杆74定位在近端开孔52内，因此，螺钉70的头部72的下表面能与套件14内部的肩部54相邻接。在该实施例中，开孔52的内表面166是光滑的，或者是无螺纹的，而柄部件16的远端轴168包括一设计成收纳螺钉70的螺杆74于其中的带螺纹的开孔169，用于连结股骨套件14和股骨柄16。在另一个可选实施例中(未示出)，近端开孔52的内表面定义阴莫尔斯锥度，而柄部件16的远端轴的外表面定义可与近端开孔52相按压配合的阳莫尔斯锥度。在本公开的范围内，也可以用其他适当的方式连结套件14和柄16。类似的，除了莫尔斯锥度匹配，在本公开的范围内，也包括用其他适当的方式连结杆20和套件14。
[0035]股骨套件14包括前侧面90，后侧面92，内侧面94和侧面96。再次参看图3和5，套件14的前侧面90，后侧面92，内侧面94和侧面96的每一个外表面44等高，更具体的，它定义阶梯或凸起部分100，102，104。每一个凸起部分100，102，104定义了相应的第一(远端)，第二，第三和第四(近端)阶梯状部分80，82，84，86。例如，凸起部分100分隔了第一部分80与第二部分82，凸起部分102分隔了第二部分82与第三部分84，凸起部分104分隔了第三部分84与第四部分86。如图所示，股骨套件14的成弓形的外表面44由彼此成角度的阶梯状部分80，82，84，86形成。也就是说，从套件14中心的矢状面断开的剖面图3来看，沿阶梯状部分80，82，84，86的前侧面90方向延伸的各虚线相互相交。类似的，从股骨套件14中心的矢状面断开的剖面图来看，沿阶梯状部分80，82，84，86的后侧面92方向延伸的各虚线也相互相交。例如，如图3所示，第一阶梯状部分80定义了沿第一阶梯状部分80前侧面90延伸的第一虚线110。类似的，第二阶梯状部分82定义了第二虚线112，第三阶梯状部分84定义了第三虚线114，第四阶梯状部分86定义了第四虚线116。
[0036]第一虚线110和第二虚线112之间定义了相交的第一锐角120。第二虚线112和第三虚线114之间定义了相交的第二锐角122。类似的，第三虚线114和第四虚线116之间定义了相交的第三锐角124。如图所示，相交的第一锐角120，第二锐角122和第三锐角124的每一个都约为1°，这样股骨套件14的总弧度大约为3°。
[0037]如图所示，套件14的等高外表面44的凸起部分100，102，104各定义了一平面。如上面讨论过的虚线110，112，114，116也一样，由凸起部分100，102，104定义的各平面与由凸起部分100，102，104定义的其他平面的每一个相交以定义其间的相交锐角(未示出)。因此，虽然这里所说的股骨套件14设计成所述虚线110，112，114，116两两相交，所述凸起部分平面两两相交，但是在本公开的范围内，还包括只有这些相交虚线中的一条或是相交平面中的一个的情况。
[0038]进一步，在本公开的范围内，股骨套件14包括四个以上的阶梯状部件。例如，本公开中的成弓形的股骨套件可以包括任何数目的阶梯状部间(也就是，多于或少于四个)，以适于特定关节替换手术中所使用的股骨套件的特定的需要。同样在本公开的范围内，由阶梯状部分相交所定义的锐角也可以大于或小于1°。还有，由阶梯状部分相交所定义的一个或多个相交锐角可以各不相同。更进一步，虽然这里所说的图示的股骨套件14的近端表面42定义了一个不与远端表面40定义的平面相平行的平面，但是在本公开的范围内，还包括具有定义了平面彼此平行的近端和远端表面的股骨套件。
[0039]如上所述，股骨套件14在矢状面上后部成弓形，以适应股骨远端的自然弧度，见图2，3，4，8所示。然而，在本公开的范围内，还包括在矢状面上的前部，以及冠状面的中部，或侧向也成弓形的股骨套件。进一步，虽然这里描述的弓形套件是以股骨膝关节假体作为范例，在本公开的范围内，也包括其他类型的关节假体的弓形套件的设计，以适应植入套件部件的其他特定骨头的自然弧度。这些弓形套件也从后部，前部，中部以及侧向成弓形，以适于所给出的假体的需要。最后，虽然所示的模制的股骨关节假体10是包括适合右膝关节的股骨部件24，本公开的设计也适用于适合左膝关节的股骨部件。从这个角度讲，这里所描述的股骨套件14对左，右股骨部件均适用，而无需修改。
[40]虽然本公开在附图和前述的说明中进行了详细的描述，但这些图示和说明应当认为是示例，而不应理解为对特征的限制，应该理解的是已经显示和描述的仅是说明性实施例，以及在本公开精神内的所有变化和修改都是要求保护的。例如，虽然在不同的实施例中已经公开了特定数据的速率值和范围以及特定的频率值和范围，但是需要指出的是，在这些数据速率和/或频率附近的值也会用于其他的实施例。
[0041]从此处所描述的系统和方法的各个特征中可引出多种优点。需要注意的是，本公开的系统和方法的备选的实施例并没有包括所有特征，而是给出了至少的那些有益的特征。本领域普通技术人员能很容易结合本发明或属于根据权利要求定义的本公开的精神和范围内的一个或多个特征来设计他们自己的系统和方法的实施。

Claims (10)

1.一种股骨套件，设计成连接(i)有一杆从其延伸的股骨部件，和(ii)股骨柄，该股骨套件包括：
主体，具有(i)设计成收纳所述杆于其中的第一开孔，和(ii)设计成收纳部分所述股骨柄于其中的第二开孔，第一开孔定义了第一纵轴线，而第二开孔定义了与第一纵轴线相交的第二纵轴线从而定义其间相交的锐角。
2.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中所述相交而成的锐角为2-5°。
3.如权利要求2所述的股骨套件，其中所述相交而成的锐角约为3°。
4.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中所述第一开孔形成于主体的远端表面，并定义了锥形内表面。
5.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中所述第二开孔形成于主体的近端表面，并定义了螺纹内表面。
6.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中所述第二开孔形成于主体的近端表面，并定义了锥形内表面。
7.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中：
所述主体还进一步包括定义了多个阶梯状部分的等高外表面，且每个阶梯状部分彼此相对成一定角度。
8.如权利要求7所述的股骨套件，其中所述主体包括四个阶梯状部分。
9.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中：
主体包括定义了远端平面的远端表面和定义了近端平面的近端表面，且
远端平面与近端平面相交以定义其间相交的的锐角。
10.如权利要求1所述的股骨套件，其中所述主体在矢状面上后部成弓形。
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US20080097614A1 (en) 2008-04-24
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EP1913902B1 (en) 2010-03-17
AU2007226820A1 (en) 2008-05-08
US7806936B2 (en) 2010-10-05
JP5430837B2 (ja) 2014-03-05
ATE460907T1 (de) 2010-04-15
EP1913902A1 (en) 2008-04-23
CN101172062B (zh) 2012-01-11

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