CN101169474A - Transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device - Google Patents
Transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101169474A CN101169474A CNA2007101685326A CN200710168532A CN101169474A CN 101169474 A CN101169474 A CN 101169474A CN A2007101685326 A CNA2007101685326 A CN A2007101685326A CN 200710168532 A CN200710168532 A CN 200710168532A CN 101169474 A CN101169474 A CN 101169474A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a checking device of a transformer with a tap switch testing instrument. The invention comprises a plurality of material object standard resistances and a plurality of on-off switching components which constitute a resistance switching network. The resistance switching network is connected with a core controller. The invention is characterized in that the material object standard resistances are power-typed precise resistances with low temperature coefficient and low distributing parameter, and the precision is superior to 100 milliohms. The on-off switching components are power-typed fieldistor with super low on-resistance, and the on-resistance is lower than 10milliohms and the switching speed is superior to 1 microseconds. The precision of a simulated transition resistance is superior to 100 milliohms, and the precision of a simulated transition time is superior to 100microseconds. A synchronization checkout with high precision can be processed for the measuring function of the transition resistance and transition time of the transformer with a tap switch testing instrument, thereby the invention brings conditions and guarantee for the checkout work with high precision of the transformer with a tap switch testing instrument.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to calibration, calibrating and detection range to the power test instrument, relate to a kind of calibration equipment and method of calibration specifically, utilize this calibration equipment and method of calibration can to the main measurement function of transformer on-load tap changer tester be transition resistance and transit time measurement function carry out the verification of pin-point accuracy.
Background technology
On-load tap changers of transformers is the unique moving component that connects with the transformer high-voltage loop, and its failure rate is higher.According to statistics, the fault frequency of on-load tap changers of transformers almost accounts for more than 20% of transformer fault total degree, and along with the growth that increases and move the time of ULTC platform number, failure rate is in rising trend.Therefore, the check test to load ratio bridging switch more and more draws attention.In " DL/T 596-1996 power equipment preventive trial rules ", require to check sequence of movement, operating angle, the measurement switching time of load ratio bridging switch.Transformer on-load tap changer tester, be the composite measurement instrument that is used to measure and analyze the power transformer load tap changer electric property, can realize the isoparametric automatic measurement of transition waveform, transit time, transition resistance, three-phase synchronism, the angle of departure load ratio bridging switch by custom-designed metering circuit.But, the quality of transformer on-load tap changer tester is uneven at present, and be still far from perfect for calibration equipment and the method for calibration of weighing on-load tap changer tester device measurement accuracy and validity, therefore, press for and propose rationally feasible method of calibration and develop corresponding calibration equipment, the transformer on-load tap changer tester device is calibrated, examined and determine and detects being used for.At present, the domestic verification project that the transformer on-load tap changer tester device is carried out relates generally to transition resistance, transit time, three-phase synchronism, ripple factor, the angle of departure etc., the verification rules of foundation mainly are " DL/T 846.8-2004 high voltage test Device-General technical conditions the 8th part on-load tap changer testers ", and wherein the verification to transient process (comprising transition resistance and transit time) is most important verification project.
At present, known to the applicant, domestic units concerned mainly can divide two kinds to the method for calibration of the transition resistance of transformer on-load tap changer tester, transit time measurement function, a kind of is the method for taking " verification respectively ", a kind of is the method for taking " synchronization check ", but the verification work and the at present existing calibration equipment that designs based on these two kinds of methods that carry out according to these two kinds of methods at present all have following deficiency:
At first be the method for " verification respectively ", as shown in Figure 1, be characterized in: to only being adopted calibration resistor to carry out verification separately according to the relevant calibration method of resistance meter by the transition resistance measurement function of test instrument; Carry out verification at interval to only being provided the standard time separately according to the relevant calibration method of time interval measuring instrucment by measurement function transit time of test instrument.The deficiency of this " verification respectively " method is: can not estimate the in-site measurement ability of transformer on-load tap changer tester device to transition resistance and transit time fully, because, transition resistance and the variation of transit time that on-the-spot on-load tap changers of transformers switches moment in tap are that " synchronously " embodies, concrete takes the form of a transition waveform, the transit time that this just needs the transformer on-load tap changer tester device also can be accurately when accurately measuring transition resistance and synchronously measure corresponding transition resistance experience.So, when the method that adopts " verification respectively " is carried out verification to the transformer on-load tap changer tester device, have not enough to the transition resistance of this test product and the evaluation that transit time, measurement function carried out; In other words, even a transformer on-load tap changer tester device can " difference " obtain better measurement result at interval to measuring resistance and standard time under the situation that " difference " measured, we can not simply infer the accurate measurement of this instrument to transient process (transient process is the synchronous embodiment of transition resistance and transit time) energy " synchronously ".
Next is the method for " synchronization check ", as shown in Figure 2, be characterized in: utilize some material standard resistance and some switch switching devices to form resistance switching device shifter (or resistance handover network), quick switching by switching device configures different resistances at short notice with combination, reaches the effect that simulates transient process (transient process is the synchronous embodiment of transition resistance and transit time) then.Method with respect to " verification respectively ", to the transition resistance of transformer on-load tap changer tester and transit time measurement function carry out " synchronization check " obviously more reasonable, its main cause is: the simulate effect of this method approaches to simulate the operating characteristic of actual transformer loaded tap-off more, promptly provides changes in resistance in kind at short notice.But, the domestic verification work of carrying out based on " synchronization check " method at present seldom, and more crucial deficiency to be that present domestic existing has an accuracy of calibration equipment of " synchronization check " characteristics high not enough, as be not better than 0.1 Ω the accuracy of the standard transition resistance that provides, the accuracy of the standard transit time that provides generally is not better than 0.1ms, trace it to its cause and mainly be: if the calibration equipment that design has " synchronization check " function, then needing to utilize as shown in Figure 2 some switching devices that some resistance devices are carried out high speed switches, thereby be combined into different resistances at short notice, though wherein the accuracy of resistance device is relatively easily selected, but the equivalent conducting resistance of the switching device of connecting with resistance device and switch speed can directly influence transition resistance that calibration equipment integral body simulates and the accuracy of transit time, and selection that we can say switching device is the main factor of restriction calibration equipment performance.At present, according to the knowledge of the applicant, domestic only calibration equipment with transformer on-load tap changer tester of " synchronization check " characteristics all belongs to following several in the selection of the change-over switch device of core: electromagnetic relay, dry-reed relay, mercury relay, diode, bipolar transistor, thyristor, solid-state relay etc., and these several switching devices all have the limitation on equivalent conducting resistance and switch off time, wherein: electromagnetic relay, dry-reed relay, mercury relaies etc. are the mechanical contact-type switch, characteristics are that conducting resistance is less, off resistance levels off to infinity, but operating rate is low, contact chatter is arranged, action is longer time delay, though so take to obtain less relatively conducting resistance during such switch, can be near tens of milliohm orders of magnitude, but its time characteristic is relatively poor, the highest 1ms that is about of its switch off time, and has a contact chatter, the switch off time dispersiveness is bigger, so utilize such mechanical contact-type switch can introduce very big uncertainty transit time to standard transition resistance and standard as the change-over switch of calibration equipment; Though and non-contact type switching device switch off time such as diode, bipolar transistor, thyristor are short, can arrive the ns level, but switching characteristics such as the equivalent conducting resistance of such device are relatively poor, just connecing the positive signal method with npn type bipolar transistor is example, its as the simple and easy equivalent turning circuit of analog switch as shown in Figure 3, as seen, when transistorized base-emitter and basis set are tied equal positively biased, transistor is in the saturation conduction state, and its equivalent turning circuit not only comprises equivalent conducting resistance r
On, also comprised a residual voltage V who has nothing to do with the basis set electric current that can not ignore simultaneously
CESO, promptly transistor still can not simply be regarded a pure conducting resistance as under the saturation conduction state, and diode, thyristor also have similar deficiency, so utilize these several switches can introduce very big uncertainty to the standard transition resistance as the change-over switch of calibration equipment; In addition, solid-state relay mostly is the photoelectricity couple drive, so limitation is also arranged on time response, generally is not better than 1ms.As seen, be subject to the performance of above switching device, at present domestic only method of calibration or calibration equipment with " synchronization check " characteristics is all limited in the accuracy of transition resistance that provides and transit time, often can only tend to improve one of them to these two indexs, can not " synchronously " realize transition resistance and the pin-point accuracy of transit time.
As mentioned above, domestic only calibration equipment is all limited in the accuracy of transition resistance that provides and transit time at present.But, the limits of error of a large amount of in the market transformer on-load tap changer tester nominals have reached about transition resistance 0.1 Ω, transit time 0.1ms, these instruments are carried out verification with the method for " verification respectively " have one-sidedness, deficiency, and with existing " synchronization check " method and calibration equipment, because the restriction of traditional switching device, standard set-up is difficult to reach the requirement of high precision, high stability again.So be badly in need of design new calibration equipment and method of calibration,, satisfy the urgent needs of present verification work to improve accuracy based on the standard transition resistance of the calibration equipment of " synchronization check " method and standard transit time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: at the deficiency of the calibration equipment that has the transformer on-load tap changer tester device now, especially improve at the deficiency of calibration equipment in accuracy of transient process (transient process is the synchronous embodiment of transition resistance and transit time), a kind of improved transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device is provided, can to the transition resistance of transformer on-load tap changer tester and transit time measurement function carry out " synchronization check " of pin-point accuracy, the standard transition resistance accuracy that calibration equipment with " synchronization check " characteristics of the present invention provides can be better than 100m Ω (the highest can be better than 2m Ω), the accuracy of the standard transit time that provides can be better than 100 μ s (the highest can be better than 1 μ s), thereby provides condition and guarantee for the effective pin-point accuracy verification of transformer on-load tap changer tester work.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device, it comprises some material standard resistance and some switch switching devices, form the resistance handover network, the resistance handover network is electrically connected with core controller, it is characterized in that: described material standard resistance is the power-type precision resistance of the low distribution parameter of low-temperature coefficient, and its accuracy is better than 100m Ω; Described switch switching device is to have ultralow conducting resistance power-type field effect transistor, and its conducting resistance is less than 10m Ω, and switch speed is better than 1 μ s.The accuracy of the transition resistance of this device simulation is better than 100m Ω, and the accuracy of the transit time of simulation is better than 100 μ s.
Aforesaid transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device is characterized in that: described power-type precision resistance, its accuracy is better than 2m Ω.
Aforesaid transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device is characterized in that: in series loop by the power-type field effect transistor of common precision resistance and middle low on-resistance of the equal bypass of series loop of the power-type field effect transistor of the power-type precision resistance of each bar nominal resistance correspondence and ultralow conducting resistance.
Principle of the present invention and beneficial effect
The present invention is when the simulation transient process, selected the high stability power-type precision resistance of the low distribution parameter of low-temperature coefficient to simulate transition resistance, the resistance that can guarantee the transition resistance that the present invention simulates so accurately, guarantee to float enough little and guarantee to reduce as far as possible in the fast handover procedures at transition resistance the influence that resistance distributed capacitance own and inductance bring in the temperature of transition resistance resistance under the effect of tested instrumentation electric current.
The present invention is when the simulation transient process, selected to have the high-speed switching devices of the power-type field effect transistor (FET) of ultra-low equivalent conducting resistance as core, concrete can selecting has the power-type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET) of ultra-low equivalent saturation conduction resistance.As shown in Figure 4, be the simple and easy equivalent circuit diagram of a typical N channel power type field effect transistor (POWERMOSFET) under conducting state, as seen, because the conducting channel of field effect transistor (FET) has the character of bulk resistor, therefore pipe its drain current when saturation conduction is directly proportional with drain-source voltage, i.e. conducting resistance r
OnBe only to control voltage V with the grid source electrode
GSA relevant parameter is as grid source electrode control voltage V
GSWhen enough big, conducting resistance r
OnMinimum and be stabilized in a certain numerical value, in addition, the offset voltage of field effect transistor is almost nil, so, the equivalent electrical circuit of whole N channel power type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET) when conducting can be regarded as one only with grid source electrode control voltage V
GSRelevant pure conducting resistance r
On, and this resistance is along with grid source electrode control voltage V
GSReach minimum when enough big and be stabilized in a certain numerical value; Simultaneously, power-type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET) can have the speed of cut-offfing that is higher than 1 μ s when using as switching device.Like this, by selecting to have the field effect transistor (FET) of ultra-low equivalent conducting resistance, the concrete power-type field effect transistor that can select to have ultra-low equivalent saturation conduction resistance (POWER MOSFET) is as the high-speed switching devices of core, the switching characteristic that can greatly reduce change-over switch is to the standard transition resistance of calibration equipment integral body and the influence of standard accuracy transit time and stability, guarantee that the switch speed accuracy of transition resistance from a resistance to the another one resistance preferably can be better than 1 μ s, guarantee that the accuracy of transition resistance resistance between transfer period can be better than 2 milliohms.
Secondly, the present invention has designed the resistance corrective loop.Because the existence of change-over switch conducting resistance and loop lead resistance etc. makes that under situation about not revising the integral transition resistance of calibration equipment reality can be a little more than nominal resistance.The present invention is directed to pairing each the bar resistance loop of whole nominal resistances and all designed the bypass resistance loop that is used for the resistance correction, as Fig. 6, promptly in the power-type precision resistance of each bar nominal resistance correspondence and series loop of the equal bypass in tandem loop of ultralow conducting resistance field effect transistor (FET) by medium precision resistance and middle low on-resistance field effect transistor (FET), wherein, that field effect transistor (FET) is concrete can be power-type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET), and the Switch Control signal Synchronization of main resistor loop and bypass resistance, like this, by the master, the method of bypass resistance parallel connection can be adapted to equivalent transition resistance resistance within the permissible error scope of nominal resistance.
Description of drawings
The principle schematic of Fig. 1, traditional " verification respectively " method.
The principle schematic of pin-point accuracy " synchronization check " method that Fig. 2, the present invention adopt.
Fig. 3, the schematic equivalent circuit of npn type bipolar transistor under conducting state.
Fig. 4, the schematic equivalent circuit of N channel power type field effect transistor under conducting state.
The circuit theory synoptic diagram of Fig. 5, the embodiment of the invention 1.
The principle schematic of the transition resistance resistance corrective loop that Fig. 6, the embodiment of the invention 2 propose.
Among the figure, the tested transformer on-load tap changer tester of 1-(tested instrument), the 2-constant current source, 21,22-transition resistance lead-out terminal, 3-standard transition resistance, 31, the power-type precision resistance that 32-is adjustable, 33,34-power-type precision resistance array, 35-power-type precision resistance, the common precision resistance of 36-, the 4-high-speed analog switch, 41, the 42-speed-sensitive switch, 43,44, the ultralow conducting resistance power-type of 45-fet switch array, the ultralow conducting resistance power-type of 46-fet switch, low on-resistance power-type fet switch among the 47-, the 5-kernel control chip, the 6-photoelectric isolating circuit, the 7-driving circuit.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 2, the principle schematic of pin-point accuracy " synchronization check " method that adopts for the present invention.When the present invention to by the transient process of test instrument 1 (comprising transition resistance and transit time) when measurement performance carries out verification, the speed-sensitive switch 41 of at first closed ultralow conducting resistance, make by the constant current source of test instrument 1 only by adjustable power-type precision resistance 31, the speed-sensitive switch 42 of closed ultralow conducting resistance then, make by the constant current source 2 of test instrument 1 by adjustable power- type precision resistance 31 and 32 shunt circuit, the speed-sensitive switch 41 that disconnects ultralow conducting resistance then makes by the constant current source 2 of test instrument 1 only by adjustable power-type precision resistance 32, can simulate one group of typical case's change in resistance process the transition resistance lead-out terminal 21 of calibration equipment and 22 by above operation, can simulate one group of standard transient process and be used for verification by the transient process of test instrument 1 (comprising transition resistance and transit time) measurement performance.By adjustable power- type precision resistance 31,32 of the high stability of selecting the low distribution parameter of low-temperature coefficient and the speed- sensitive switch 41,42 with ultra-low equivalent conducting resistance, the present invention can " synchronously " provides the transition resistance and the transit time of pin-point accuracy.
As shown in Figure 5, be the principle schematic of the transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device of the embodiment of the invention.Core control section 5 of the present invention is single-chip minimum systems, further can be embedded Control devices such as DSP or ARM; When the present invention carries out transient process (comprising transition resistance and transit time) simulation output, at first send the control corresponding instruction by core control section 5, the photoelectric isolating circuit 6 based on high-speed light lotus root chip is at first passed through in this instruction, send the driving circuit 7 of power-type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET) then to, these switching commands with driving force pass to resistance handover network based on the power-type field effect transistor (POWERMOSFET) of ultralow conducting resistance as control signal, and (these resistance handover networks can comprise the ultralow conducting resistance power-type fet switch array 45 of the public gear switch of transition resistance, the ultralow conducting resistance power-type fet switch array 43 of transition resistance low resistance gear switch, the ultralow conducting resistance power-type fet switch array 44 of high value gear switch in the transition resistance), the high speed of the switch arrays by these ultralow conducting resistance is switched, can be to precision resistance array 33,34 carry out corresponding high-speed configuration, and then reach high-speed, the purpose in terminal 21 and 22 simulation transient process of pin-point accuracy; Wherein, the precision resistance array is made of the high stability power-type precision resistance of the low distribution parameter of some low-temperature coefficients, the switch arrays of gear switch are made of the power-type field effect transistor (POWERMOSFET) that has ultralow conducting resistance (can near 1m Ω), ultralow turn-on bias voltage and have a high speed switching capability (speed of cut-offfing can less than 1 μ s), and adopting such switching device and power-type precision resistance array is that the present invention simulates and guarantees transition resistance accuracy and the gordian technique that transit time, accuracy was proposed in the transient process synchronously.
As shown in Figure 6, the principle schematic of the transition resistance resistance corrective loop that proposes for the present invention.The bypass resistance loop has all been designed in pairing each the bar main resistor loop of whole transition resistance nominal resistances that the present invention is directed to calibration equipment, promptly in the equal bypass of series loop of the power-type precision resistance 35 of each bar nominal resistance correspondence and the power-type field effect transistor of ultralow conducting resistance (POWER MOSFET) switch 46 a series loop by common precision resistance 36 and middle low on-resistance power-type field effect transistor (POWER MOSFET) switch 47, and the switch switching signal in main resistor loop and bypass resistance loop is synchronous, like this, by the master, the method of bypass resistance parallel connection can be adapted to the equivalent transition resistance resistance terminal 21 and 22 within the permissible error scope of nominal resistance.
Claims (3)
1. transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device, it comprises some material standard resistance and some switch switching devices, form the resistance handover network, the resistance handover network is electrically connected with core controller, it is characterized in that: described material standard resistance is the power-type precision resistance of the low distribution parameter of low-temperature coefficient, and its accuracy is better than 100m Ω; Described switch switching device is to have ultralow conducting resistance power-type field effect transistor, and its conducting resistance is less than 10m Ω, and switch speed is better than 1 μ s.
2. transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described power-type precision resistance, its accuracy is better than 2m Ω.
3. transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: in series loop by the power-type field effect transistor of common precision resistance and middle low on-resistance of the equal bypass of series loop of the power-type field effect transistor of the power-type precision resistance of each bar nominal resistance correspondence and ultralow conducting resistance.
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| CNA2007101685326A CN101169474A (en) | 2007-11-29 | 2007-11-29 | Transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device |
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| CNA2007101685326A CN101169474A (en) | 2007-11-29 | 2007-11-29 | Transformer on-load tap changer tester calibration device |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101893669A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-24 | 珠海和佳医疗设备股份有限公司 | Tool and method for testing oil immersed step-up transformer assembly |
| CN102495384A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-13 | 国网电力科学研究院 | Transition resistance simulation device of on-load tap-changer of transformer |
| CN105223880A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | A kind of programmed control box net synchronization capability detection method and device |
| CN107656147A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-02-02 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of high current voltammertry instrument for low temperature environment |
| CN108387859A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-08-10 | 广州赛宝计量检测中心服务有限公司 | Measurement and calibration fictitious load, measurement and calibration instrument and the measurement and calibration system |
| CN112462251A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer switching time sequence detection method |
| CN115201738A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-18 | 中国测试技术研究院电子研究所 | Calibration system for on-load tap-changer tester of transformer |
| CN107656147B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2024-04-19 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | High-current volt-ampere measuring instrument for low-temperature environment |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101893669A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-24 | 珠海和佳医疗设备股份有限公司 | Tool and method for testing oil immersed step-up transformer assembly |
| CN101893669B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2012-07-18 | 珠海和佳医疗设备股份有限公司 | Method for testing oil immersed step-up transformer assembly |
| CN102495384A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-13 | 国网电力科学研究院 | Transition resistance simulation device of on-load tap-changer of transformer |
| CN102495384B (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2014-04-16 | 国网电力科学研究院 | Transition resistance simulation device of on-load tap-changer of transformer |
| CN105223880A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | A kind of programmed control box net synchronization capability detection method and device |
| CN105223880B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-01-12 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | A kind of programme-control box net synchronization capability detection method and device |
| CN107656147A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-02-02 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of high current voltammertry instrument for low temperature environment |
| CN107656147B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2024-04-19 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | High-current volt-ampere measuring instrument for low-temperature environment |
| CN108387859A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-08-10 | 广州赛宝计量检测中心服务有限公司 | Measurement and calibration fictitious load, measurement and calibration instrument and the measurement and calibration system |
| CN108387859B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2023-11-21 | 广州赛宝计量检测中心服务有限公司 | Analog load for metering calibration, metering calibration instrument and metering calibration system |
| CN112462251A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer switching time sequence detection method |
| CN112462251B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-02-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer switching time sequence detection method |
| CN115201738A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-18 | 中国测试技术研究院电子研究所 | Calibration system for on-load tap-changer tester of transformer |
| CN115201738B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-12-29 | 中国测试技术研究院电子研究所 | Calibration system for on-load tap-changer tester of transformer |
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