CN101161245B - 二苯乙烯苷及其衍生物抑制突触核蛋白过度表达的用途 - Google Patents
二苯乙烯苷及其衍生物抑制突触核蛋白过度表达的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物在抑制α-突触核蛋白过度表达中的用途。试验结果表明,二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物能有效抑制α-突触核蛋白的过度表达,可用于治疗或预防由α-突触核蛋白过度表达所引起的帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍、多系统萎缩等多种神经系统疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物的一种新的医药用途,尤其涉及二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物在抑制α-突触核蛋白过度表达的用途,属于药物化学领域。
背景技术
二苯乙烯苷(2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,TSG)的结构式如下:
其中R为-O-β-D-葡萄糖。
二苯乙烯苷可以直接在市场上购买得到,可通过高效液相色谱法对其进行含量分析。
突触核蛋白(synuclein)最初从太平洋电鲟鱼(Torpedo caIifornia)的带电器官中分离发现的突触小分子蛋白质,因其主要位于神经突触和细胞核膜上,故而得名。研究显示,一些常染色体显性遗传的家族性帕金森病与α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein)的3种基因错义突变型(A53T、A30P、G46L)相关。随后又发现α-突触核蛋白是散发性帕金森病路易小体(Lewy body,LB)的主要成分,而路易小体是帕金森病的病理学标志。除帕金森病以外,α-突触核蛋白也是构成路易体痴呆(dementia with lewy body,DLB)、单纯性自主神经功能障碍和多系统萎缩(multiple systemic atrophy,MSA)等细纤维样包涵物的主要成分,提示帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍和多系统萎缩等神经变性疾病可能有共同的病理基础和发病机制,从而奠定了α-突触核蛋白在神经变性病发病中的作用。α-突触核蛋白病理性积聚是神经变性疾病临床症状发生、发展及受累脑区变性的原因,其共同病理特征是α-突触核蛋白选择性地在易损的神经元和神经胶质细胞中积聚,形成包涵体。路易小体的出现及其分布不同可引起不同的症候群:脑干路易小体与帕金森病相关;弥漫性皮质路易小体与痴呆相关;脑干、脊索、交感神经节路易小体则与自主神经功能障碍相关。
帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是一种常见于中老年期的慢性进展的神经系统变性疾病,其临床症状和体征为肌强直或肌僵直,静止性震颤,运动徐缓,平衡及行走障碍等。神经病理形态学特征为中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元进行性变性、缺失、变性神经元胞浆内出现嗜酸性包涵体路易小体。α-突触核蛋白是帕金森病路易小体的主要成分,它是由140个氨基酸残基组成的酸性蛋白。1997年从常染色体显性遗传家族性PD中发现其氨基末端两个罕见的错义突变。自然状态下,α-突触核蛋白呈无序的未折叠结构,但在高浓度时,它可转变为淀粉纤维样的β-折叠结构,形成寡聚体,具有细胞毒性。α-突触核蛋白可增加形成原纤维的倾向性。经过泛素-蛋白酶体通路降解,过表达或突变的α-突触核蛋白可形成β-折叠结构,使其在泛素化后也不易被UPP降解,并可与蛋白酶体26S中的亚单位6S结合,抑制其活性,从而导致细胞内α-突触核蛋白不能被UPP及时有效地清除而出现病理性积聚及路易小体形成,黑质神经元的氧化应激增加,引起线粒体功能紊乱,导致细胞凋亡。
路易体痴呆(DLB)约占老年期痴呆的20%,不少报道认为其是引起老年期痴呆的第二大变性疾病。一般于中老年期起病,临床表现为波动性认知功能障碍伴明显的注意力和警觉性改变。病理学方面发现整个中枢神经系统特别是大脑皮质和纹状体的乙酰胆碱能神经元内有大量路易小体形成,α-突触核蛋白是路易小体的主要成分。单纯DLB在海马、海马旁回无或仅出现少量老年斑和神经原纤维缠结。路易体病引起痴呆的病理机制多数学者认为它与大脑皮质内路易小体的数量、胆碱乙酰转移酶以及多巴胺耗竭有关。
多系统萎缩(MSA)包括橄榄桥脑小脑萎缩(OPCA)、纹状体黑质变性(SND)和Shy Drager综合征(SDS),临床表现为不对称的运动功能障碍及小脑、锥体束以及自主神经损害的症状和体征。病理改变为纹状体、黑质、橄榄核、脑桥和小脑等部位出现胶质细胞胞质内包涵体(glial cytoplasmic inclusion,GCI)以及神经元丧失、胶质细胞增生等,其中GCI是确诊MSA的特征性改变。研究显示MSA患者的GCI中有大量α-突触核蛋白存在。目前研究发现,处于第I阶段的MSA患者脑内有GCI的广泛分布时,其神经元的丧失往往局限于黑质和蓝斑而未累及纹状体。提示GCI的出现是MSA的原发性损害,并通过髓鞘-轴索-神经元的逆行性损害引起神经元的继发性改变。
单纯性自主神经功能障碍是路易体病的一种临床表现。它是一种特发的散发性神经变性疾病,原发性体位性低血压是其主要的临床症状,此外,患者可出现出汗异常、怕热、尿路功能障碍、便秘或腹泻、勃起困难等。有研究发现中枢和周围自主神经结构有严重损害,在节前和节后的交感及副交感神经系统存在明显的路易小体、路易轴突和神经元损伤;此外,在黑质、蓝斑、大脑脚核、背侧中缝核也存在不同数量的路易小体和神经元损伤;在路易小体中有大量的α-突触核蛋白存在。
二苯乙烯苷是中药何首乌的主要有效成分之一,以往的研究发现该类化合物对动物脑缺血损伤有良好的保护作用,同时对各种因素导致痴呆的动物模型有良好的改善作用,迄今为止,没有发现二苯乙烯苷能够有效抑制体内α-突触核蛋白过量表达这一药理功能的报道。
发明内容
本发明人经过细胞模型试验发现,二苯乙烯苷能够有效抑制α-突触核蛋白的过量表达。由于α-突触核蛋白过量表达与帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍和多系统萎缩等神经变性疾病有直接和密切的关系,降低或抑制α-突触核蛋白在体内的过量表达,必然对于由于α-突触核蛋白过量表达所导致的帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍、多系统萎缩[多系统萎缩(MSA)包括橄榄桥脑小脑萎缩(OPCA)、纹状体黑质变性(SND)和Shy Drager综合征(SDS)等]等神经变性疾病有确切的预防或治疗作用,因此,二苯乙烯苷及其衍生物可用于预防或治疗诸如帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍或多系统萎缩等多种神经系统疾病。
所述的“二苯乙烯苷衍生物”是指二苯乙烯苷在3、5或4’位被C1-6烷基或卤素所取代而得到的衍生物,或者是指二苯乙烯苷与可药用有机酸(如乙酸)或无机酸(如盐酸)等形成的酯。
本发明还涉及一种用于预防和/或治疗α-突触核蛋白过度表达引起的神经系统疾病的药物组合物,该药物组合物包含有效量的二苯乙烯苷或其可药用衍生物作为活性成分。所述的神经系统疾病包括但不限于:帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍、多系统萎缩等。
所述药物组合物还可包含一种或多种可药用载体,所述载体可以是现有技术中广泛使用的各种载体,如赋形剂(例如水)等;本发明的药物组合物还可以包含一种或多种其它组分,如香味剂、着色剂、甜味剂等。
上述药物组合物可以按现有技术中已知的方法进行制备成临床上可接受的制剂,例如采用混合、制粒或压片等多种方式,所述的制剂可以是口服剂型(例如:片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂等),也可以是注射制剂等。
二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物在治疗帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍和多系统萎缩等神经系统疾病的用法与用量:包括对需要治疗的患者施用有效量的二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物,作为参考:二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物的口服剂量一般为0.5-50mg/Kg体重/日,注射剂量一般为0.1-10mg/Kg体重/日。
附图说明
图1免疫印迹法检测α-突触核蛋白表达的结果;(1)模型对照;(2)12.5μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷;(3)25μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷;(4)50μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷;(5)100μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷;(6)200μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1 片剂的制备
二苯乙烯苷50mg,羧甲基纤维素240mg,乳糖100mg,硬脂酸镁10mg。将上述组分粉碎,混合,压片,制成片剂。
实施例2 针剂的制备
二苯乙烯苷25mg和生理盐水100mL,混合,制成针剂。
试验例1二苯乙烯苷抑制α-突触核蛋白转染细胞模型α-突触核蛋白的过表达
一、试验目的
观察二苯乙烯苷对α-突触核蛋白转染细胞模型α-突触核蛋白表达量的影响。
二、试验方法
人神经母细胞瘤细胞系(SH-SY5Y细胞,通常以此细胞系代表神经元细胞)转染α-突触核蛋白是体外培养的α-突触核蛋白过表达细胞模型。转染方法参考文献[张宇新,张子明,杨慧,等.α-突触核蛋白在体外培养SH-SY5Y细胞内过表达可导致氧应激.中国病理生理杂志.2005,21(8):1532-1535]制备,SH-SY5Y神经细胞培养在含有DMEM培养基的35mm的培养皿中。当细胞生长至70%融合时,用Lipofectamine试剂(Invitrogen)和质粒α-突触核蛋白-增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescentprotein,EGFP)对其进行转染。转染36h后用荧光显微镜(Leica)检测基因α-synuclein-pEGFP的表达产物;加入600μg/ml G418(Sigma)筛选,待用。
选择转染α-synuclein成功的细胞在DMEM培养基中加入体积分数为10%的胎牛血清,在5%CO2孵箱37℃培养,每周换液2次,传代1代。将细胞以1×104个/ml的密度接种于6孔板中;将其中的一个孔作为模型对照,不用二苯乙烯苷进行处理,其余的5个孔分别加入浓度为12.5μmoL/L,25μmoL/L,50μmoL/L,100μmoL/L,200μmoL/L的二苯乙烯苷(购自中国药品生物制品检定所),培养24小时。贴壁细胞用生理盐水洗2次,加入预冷的裂解缓冲液,刮下细胞,在冰上裂解120分钟,将裂解物以12000r/分钟在4℃离心两次,每次20分钟,收集上清,得到所表达的α-突触核蛋白。用免疫印迹法(western blotting)检测α-突触核蛋白:等量蛋白样品经10%SDS-PAGE电泳分离后转至PVDF膜上,常规方法经一抗(抗α-突触核蛋白抗体)及二抗孵育后,用发光液显影。用ImageJ图像分析软件对各组蛋白表达量进行统计分析。
三、试验结果
如图1所示,与模型对照组(没有用二苯乙烯苷处理)比较,二苯乙烯苷处理的各组条带面积明显变小,灰度变浅,显示α-突触核蛋白的表达减少,并且随着二苯乙烯苷浓度的增大,α-突触核蛋白的表达逐渐减少(表1、图1)。其中,100μmoL/L和200μmoL/L二苯乙烯苷加药组α-突触核蛋白的表达减少与模型对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。
表1.二苯乙烯苷对α-突触核蛋白转染细胞模型α-突触核蛋白表达的影响
组别 | 二苯乙烯苷(μmol/L) | |||||
模型对照 | 12.5 | 25 | 50 | 100 | 200 | |
条带面积 | 1821.3±365.1 | 1663.7±675.6 | 1504.3±849.5 | 1476.7±660.1 | 1185.0±1689.7* | 1089.7±530.0* |
M±SD;*P<0.05,与模型对照组比较。
试验例2 二苯乙烯苷对过表达α-突触核蛋白小鼠模型的抑制作用
一、试验目的
本实验利用过表达α-突触核蛋白的小鼠模型,观察二苯乙烯苷对在体动物脑内α-突触核蛋白表达的影响。
二、试验方法
过表达α-突触核蛋白的模型小鼠购自中国医学科学院实验动物研究所,雌雄各半。喂养至10月龄时随机分为4个组,其中1个组为模型组,不给予二苯乙烯苷;其余3个组分别为二苯乙烯苷小剂量(0.05g/kg/d)组、中剂量(0.1g/kg/d)组、大剂量(0.2g/kg/d)组。二苯乙烯苷组行灌胃给药至16月龄;模型组和正常对照组(体内正常表达α-突触核蛋白的10月龄小鼠)给以蒸馏水灌胃至16月龄。
处理结束后,取上述5个组小鼠的脑组织,用RT-PCR法检测小鼠α-突触核蛋白基因表达,用免疫组织化学方法进行α-突触核蛋白蛋白表达的研究。
三、试验结果
1、二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白的基因表达的影响
用RT-PCR法检测各组小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白mRNA表达的改变,结果发现:对于16月龄模型小鼠海马/皮层α-突触核蛋白mRNA表达的增多,二苯乙烯苷(TSG)有明显的抑制作用(表2)。
表2.二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白mRNA表达的影响
组别 | 剂量(g/kg) | 只数 | 海马 | 皮层 |
正常对照模型TSG小剂量TSG中剂量 | 0.050.1 | 6666 | 0.269±0.1221.309±0.286△△1.066±0.335*0.206±0.214** | 0.058±0.0291.926±0.548△△0.839±0.264**0.204±0.158** |
M±SD;△P<0.05,△△P<0.01,模型与正常相比;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,用药组与模型组相比
2、二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白的蛋白表达的影响
用免疫组织化学方法检测各组小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白的蛋白表达的改变,图像分析的结果显示:对于16月龄APP转基因小鼠海马和皮层α-突触核蛋白表达的增加,二苯乙烯苷有明显的抑制作用。
表3.二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠脑内α-突触核蛋白的蛋白表达的影响
剂量(g/kg) | 只数 | 海马 | 皮层 | |||
阳性细胞数 | 阳性总面积 | 阳性细胞数 | 阳性总面积 | |||
正常对照模型TSG小TSG中TSG大 | 0.050.10.2 | 33333 | 103.6±66.53321.3±68.61△△230.6±102.9150.5±80.63*92.15±70.33** | 31.28±21.0996.55±33.28△△77.51±29.7648.12±27.17*26.83±21.67** | 169.6±116.32566.2±183.31△△416.6±162.7220.9±102.3**144.5±130.5** | 52.82±41.25179.5±82.88△△153.5±116.758.29±46.72**42.53±41.57** |
M±SD;△P<0.05,△△P<0.01,模型与正常相比;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,用药组与模型组相比
Claims (5)
1.二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物在制备抑制α-突触核蛋白过度表达的药物中的用途,所述的二苯乙烯苷衍生物是指二苯乙烯苷在3、5或4’位被C1-6烷基或卤素所取代而得到的衍生物;或者是指二苯乙烯苷与可药用有机酸或无机酸所形成的酯。
2.二苯乙烯苷或其衍生物在制备预防和/或治疗由α-突触核蛋白过度表达所引起的神经系统疾病的药物中的用途,所述的二苯乙烯苷衍生物是指二苯乙烯苷在3、5或4’位被C1-6烷基或卤素所取代而得到的衍生物;或者是指二苯乙烯苷与可药用有机酸或无机酸所形成的酯。
3.按照权利要求2的用途,其特征在于:所述的神经系统疾病包括帕金森病、路易体痴呆、单纯性自主神经功能障碍或多系统萎缩。
4.按照权利要求3的用途,其特征在于:所述的多系统萎缩包括橄榄桥脑小脑萎缩、纹状体黑质变性、Shy Drager综合征。
5.按照权利要求1或2的用途,其特征在于:所述的可药用有机酸是乙酸;所述的可药用无机酸是盐酸。
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