CN101153737B - Air conditioner decorative sheet adopting novel technique of transcribing in model and its technique - Google Patents

Air conditioner decorative sheet adopting novel technique of transcribing in model and its technique Download PDF

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CN101153737B
CN101153737B CN200610127095A CN200610127095A CN101153737B CN 101153737 B CN101153737 B CN 101153737B CN 200610127095 A CN200610127095 A CN 200610127095A CN 200610127095 A CN200610127095 A CN 200610127095A CN 101153737 B CN101153737 B CN 101153737B
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outlet frame
air
transcribing
diaphragm
novel technique
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CN101153737A (en
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楚人震
张守信
付裕
雷永锋
张福显
姜兆斌
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Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Gen Corp Ltd
Haier Group Corp
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Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Gen Corp Ltd
Haier Group Corp
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Abstract

The present invention discloses an air conditioner decorative plate adopting novel technique of transcribing in mold and the technologic method thereof, wherein, the decorative plate is arranged on anair outlet frame inside an air outlet frame of a front panel; the air outlet frame is pivoted inside the air outlet frame, can swing up and down around a shaft to supply air, and can also obstruct anair outlet to prevent dust from entering when an air conditioner is turned off. The decorative plate adopts a novel technique of transcribing in mold, and the technologic method comprises the following steps: firstly, membrane making, which comprises selection of materials for making membrane and printable materials, pattern printing in printed region and drying after making; secondly, positioning and membrane feeding, which comprise membrane feeding of a membrane feeding device, die positioning on the decorative plate and membrane fixing; thirdly, compression molding, which comprises heatingfor softening the membrane and molding; fourthly, injection molding, which comprises selection of castingresin corresponding to the membrane materials, corresponding to the resin temperature regulation and resin injection; fifthly, post treatment, which comprises taking-out, shearing and processing. The present invention executes silver luster treatment to the whole surface of the decorative plate; thereby the decorative plate is beautiful and stylish in exterior appearance, wear resistant and scratch resistant.

Description

Adopt the air conditioner decorative sheet and the process thereof of novel technique of transcribing in model
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air-conditioner decorative panel, also relate to a kind of process, especially a kind of air conditioner decorative sheet and process thereof that adopts novel technique of transcribing in model.
Background technology
Traditional incrustation is to stamp different patterns on the plastic device surface of injection mo(u)lding, and these patterns tend to because of long-time friction, especially contact button, perhaps be exposed in the air for a long time, because the oxidation of air, and blur, even disappear, and damage resistant not, be easy to generate slide mark, even be imprinted on the transparent plastic, these patterns can printing opacity yet.For the material of surface irregularity, can only adopt the way printed patterns of bat printing, brought inconvenience to batch process.Progress along with society, people require also more and more higher for the appreciation of fine things, existing air-conditioning, no matter cabinet type, still hanging, its color motif all is common a few, how can decorate to make fashion attractive in appearance on air-conditioning, wear-resisting, forever do not worn and torn into the important topic of research in the surface.
The most of air outlet structure that adopts open type of existing room air conditioner, dust enters in the air-conditioner easily, so that dust directly sticks on the fin of evaporimeter, makes the performance of air-conditioner be subjected to a certain degree influence, has reduced machine performance.In addition, the interval between its air outlet aerofoil is generally bigger, and foreign matter enters the inside of air-conditioner easily, and the normal use of air-conditioner is impacted.Some have the air-conditioner of air outlet construction of switch, and as realize the folding of air outlet by the pendulum angle of adjusting horizontal aerofoil or vertical aerofoil, the gap between the aerofoil makes the outward appearance harmony of air-conditioner integral body not all roses; Another kind of then be to utilize aggregate motion mechanism to realize the folding of air outlet, at first, the long folding of above-mentioned door-plate is worn and torn easily, the door-plate lustrous surface, secondly, this motion needs drive unit to realize complex structure in addition, the cost height, and the harmony of closed back air-conditioning overall appearance is not all roses.
Application number is 01109856 Chinese patent " Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd ", discloses a kind of exhaust port device of air conditioner.This device comprises an air door that opens and closes exhaust outlet selectively.The a pair of supporting pin that is installed in the air door next door is used to guide the lifting of air door.This device also comprises a lowering or hoisting gear of lifting air door selectively.This lowering or hoisting gear comprises a pair of lifting member of sliding on gripper shoe, one is used to produce the drive motors of power with mobile lifting member, a power transmission that is used for rotatablely moving of motor is converted to the synchronous linear motion of lifting member.
Application number is 00103616 Chinese patent " LG Electronics Inc. ", a kind of switch module of damper of air-conditioner is disclosed, it comprises: top panel, and this top panel combines with the leading flank of cabinet, and the top of this top panel is provided with the gas outlet that is used for discharging air; Front panel, this front panel combines with described cabinet at the downside of described top panel; Air outlet valve, this air outlet valve are arranged in the anterior of described gas outlet and by moving up and down the described gas outlet of switch; Anti-step drop panel, should prevent the bottom of step drop panel arrangement in described gas outlet, thereby can move forward and backward, when described air outlet valve covered described gas outlet, anti-step drop panel was used for preventing the step drop occurring between described front panel and described air outlet valve; Gate driver, this gate driver are arranged on the inboard and top panel of described air outlet valve, so that described air outlet valve is moved up and down; And panel driver, this panel driver is arranged on the inboard and described top panel of anti-step drop panel, so that described anti-step drop panel is moved forward and backward.
In the exhaust port device of above-mentioned air conditioner and the switch module of damper of air-conditioner, the folding of its air outlet can realize complete unilateral in appearance, but it has adopted complicated transmission mechanism rotatablely moving of motor to be changed into the rectilinear motion that air door, move the switch air outlet by the straight line up and down that goes out air door, manufacturability and reliability requirement are higher, break down easily, its door-plate adopts common injection process, when moving up and down for a long time, door-plate and outlet frame friction make door-plate tarnish, make the air-conditioner outward appearance wear, if change, then increased cost, and the gap between the aerofoil of closed back makes the outward appearance harmony of air-conditioner integral body not all roses.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of and both can realize 3d air delivery, can protect air-conditioner to prevent that dust from entering the air outlet structure of air conditioner in the body again.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of air conditioner decorative sheet and process thereof that is installed on the employing novel technique of transcribing in model of fashion attractive in appearance on the air conditioner wind outlet.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the basic design of technical scheme to be: a kind of air conditioner decorative sheet that adopts novel technique of transcribing in model, be located on the wind outlet frame of air-conditioner front panel, and it is characterized in that:
In described air conditioner wind outlet framework, be pivoted with an outlet frame that can swing up and down air-supply, this outlet frame is the rectangle framework that is made of left and right side plate and upper and lower plate, wherein, when air-conditioner is opened, outlet frame can swing up and down air-supply, when air-conditioner closed, outlet frame can block air outlet and avoid dust to enter;
The decorative panel of described employing novel technique of transcribing in model injection mo(u)lding be located at going up of outlet frame or lower plate surperficial.
In described outlet frame, be provided with vertical pendulum leaf, yaw leaf, vertical pendulum leaf connecting rod, described yaw leaf and outlet frame integrated injection molding;
Fix a motor in the outside of described wind outlet frame, described outlet frame is connected with the turning cylinder of described motor by a crank-rocker mechanism, swings up and down to drive outlet frame.
Described decorative panel is an arc surface cover plate that seals all around, and wall is provided with a plurality of catching grooves or groove button all around, and perhaps the cover plate inboard is provided with plug or jack; Correspondence is provided with groove button or catching groove around the upper plate of described outlet frame, and perhaps the upper panel surface correspondence is provided with jack or plug, described decorative panel clamping or grafting or be adhered to the upper panel surface of outlet frame.
Upper lateral part or bottom are provided with a baffle plate behind described outlet frame, make baffle plate and decorative panel when air-conditioning is closed, but the complete closed air outlet.
A kind of novel technique of transcribing in model method that is used for above-mentioned decorative panel, 1., make diaphragm it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:, but comprise the material of selecting to make diaphragm and printing material, at the printing zone printed patterns and to make the back dry; 2., the location film feeding, comprise the film feeder film feeding, in the mould of decorative panel location and fixing diaphragm; 3., compression molding, comprise that heating makes softening, the moulding of diaphragm; 4., injection moulding, comprise that corresponding diaphragm material selects casting resin, corresponding resin moderated temperature and inject resin; 5., post processing, comprise taking-up, shear and processing.
Described diaphragm can also can be multiple mixing wherein for polycarbonate (PC) diaphragm or polyethylene terephthalate's (PET) diaphragm or lucite (PMMA) diaphragm.
But described printing material comprises priming coat, binder, tack coat or adheres to the promotion material and comprise high temperature resistant printing ink that wherein, binder can increase the adhesion of printing ink, diaphragm and casting resin.
Described mode of printing can be hectographic printing or driography or electrophotographic printing or litho or photogravure or temperature-sensitive printing or ink jet printing or screen painting or letterpress, be preferably screen painting, silk screen is selected the polyester net about 80 orders/cm for use, is preferably 90~165 orders/cm.
Described forming method can be preferably high-pressure molding for mechanical-moulded or shaped by fluid pressure or hot-forming or high-pressure molding.
Described casting resin can be PC or ABS or PS or PA or PP or PMMA or PC+ABS.
After adopting technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect.
Decorative panel of the present invention is located on the outlet frame, this outlet frame be one independently, dismountable rectangle framework, be hubbed in the wind outlet frame, in outlet frame, be provided with vertical pendulum leaf, vertical pendulum leaf connecting rod and with outlet frame be the yaw leaf of one, this is simple in structure, compact, is convenient to processing and fabricating and cost is low; Outlet frame is swung back and forth up and down in movable scope around the shaft by driven by motor, realize air-supply up and down, by manually or be installed on the second driven by motor vertical pendulum leaf connecting rod in the outlet frame adjust about pendulum wind angle, realize the free stereo air-supply, the air-supply zone is wide and noise is little; Decorative panel is connected to the outlet frame upper surface, and when air-conditioner was stopped using, decorative panel and baffle plate blocked air outlet jointly, prevents that dust from entering in the air-conditioner, plays the effect of cover plate, and the air-conditioner overall appearance is coordinated, fashion attractive in appearance.
Secondly, decorative panel of the present invention adopts the injection mo(u)lding of novel technique of transcribing in model method, makes decorative panel have surface abrasion resistance, corrosion-resistant, chemical-resistant reagent (cleaning agent etc.), splendid, the surperficial permanent non-scale of surface decoration effect, characteristics such as do not come off.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an air-conditioner closed condition schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an air-conditioner working state schematic representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is an outlet frame schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that outlet frame of the present invention is not installed decorative panel;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of decorative panel of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the another side structural representation of decorative panel of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow sheet of processing step embodiment one of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the schematic flow sheet of processing step embodiment two of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the schematic flow sheet of processing step embodiment three of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention adopts the air conditioner decorative sheet of novel technique of transcribing in model to be arranged on the outlet frame 3 of air-conditioner front panel 1, described outlet frame 3 is the rectangle frameworks that are made of left and right side plate and upper and lower plate, be hubbed in the wind outlet frame 2, wherein, when air-conditioner was opened, outlet frame 3 can swing up and down air-supply, when air-conditioner closed, outlet frame 3 can block air outlet and avoid dust to enter (consulting Fig. 1);
The decorative panel 10 of described employing novel technique of transcribing in model injection mo(u)lding be located at going up of outlet frame 3 or lower plate surperficial.The described decorative panel 10 of present embodiment is located at the upper surface of outlet frame 3,
In described outlet frame 3, be provided with vertical pendulum leaf 6, yaw leaf 8, vertical pendulum leaf connecting rod 7, described yaw leaf 8 and outlet frame 3 integrated injection moldings;
Fix a motor in the outside of described wind outlet frame 2, described outlet frame 3 is connected with the turning cylinder of described motor by a crank-rocker mechanism, swings up and down (not shown) to drive outlet frame 3.
Be provided with a baffle plate 9 in described outlet frame 3 back upper lateral parts or bottom, make baffle plate 9 and decorative panel 10 when air-conditioning is closed, but complete closed air outlet, the described baffle plate 9 of the embodiment of the invention are located at outlet frame 3 back upper lateral parts (consulting Fig. 1), with decorative panel 10 parallel (consulting Fig. 3).
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, described decorative panel 10 is an arc surface cover plate that seals all around, and wall is provided with a plurality of catching grooves or groove button 101 (consulting Fig. 6) all around, and perhaps the cover plate inboard is provided with plug or jack (not shown); Correspondence is provided with groove button or catching groove 301 (consulting Fig. 4) around the upper plate of described outlet frame 3, perhaps the upper panel surface correspondence is provided with jack or plug (not shown), described decorative panel 10 clampings or grafting or be adhered to the upper panel surface of outlet frame 3, described decorative panel 10 injection surface are smooth smooth, and defectives such as shrink, slight crack are not arranged; Adopt novel technique of transcribing in model, the whole outer surface bright silver is handled, and reaches the minute surface requirement, fashion attractive in appearance.
Baffle plate 9 of the present invention and decorative panel 10 can block air outlet fully when air-conditioner is closed, during work, described outlet frame 3 half-twists, the frame mouth of described outlet frame 3 is over against towards the place ahead, and swing up and down, pendulum angle is preferably 60 °, end-of-job less than 90 °, 90 ° of described outlet frame 3 revolutions, make decorative panel 10 and baffle plate 9 on the outlet frame 3 belong to same plane with air-conditioner front panel 1, baffle plate 9 and decorative panel 10 can block air outlet fully, prevent that dust from entering air-conditioner inside.
For above-mentioned decorative panel, the present invention adopts the injection mo(u)lding of a kind of novel technique of transcribing in model method, 1., make diaphragm it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:, but comprise the material of selecting to make diaphragm and printing material, at the printing zone printed patterns and to make the back dry; 2., the location film feeding, comprise the film feeder film feeding, in the mould of decorative panel location and fixing diaphragm; 3., compression molding, comprise that heating makes softening, the moulding of diaphragm; 4., injection moulding, comprise that corresponding diaphragm material selects casting resin, corresponding resin moderated temperature and inject resin; 5., post processing, comprise taking-up, shear and processing.
In the making diaphragm step of the present invention, the diaphragm of selection can also can be multiple mixing wherein for polycarbonate (PC) diaphragm or polyethylene terephthalate's (PET) diaphragm or lucite (PMMA) diaphragm.
But described printing material comprises priming coat, binder, tack coat or adheres to the promotion material and comprise high temperature resistant printing ink, wherein, binder can increase the adhesion of printing ink, diaphragm and casting resin, whether determines the needs all ingredients according to selecting materials of the concrete grammar of injection moulding and diaphragm and casting resin.Printing ink of the present invention and all ingredients can be with reference to following tables:
Figure G2006101270959D00061
Mode of printing of the present invention can be hectographic printing or driography or electrophotographic printing or litho or photogravure or temperature-sensitive printing or ink jet printing or screen painting or letterpress, be preferably screen painting, silk screen is selected the polyester net about 80 orders/cm for use, be preferably 90~165 orders/cm, the printing ink high temperature resistant at the diaphragm back up, that adhesive force good, flexibility good and softening point is high.
Compression-moulding methods of the present invention can be mechanical-moulded or shaped by fluid pressure or hot-forming or high-pressure molding, be preferably high-pressure molding, high-pressure molding is that male model adopts the gases at high pressure moulding, this forming method has solved the phenomenon that sharp keen die edge scratches the China ink layer, good forming effect, wherein, shaping radius, the degree of depth, distance, width can influence molding effect; Wide dark ratio can influence molding effect; Ink thickness can influence molding effect; The contrast of printing ink and diaphragm can influence molding effect.
Casting resin of the present invention can be PC or ABS or PS or PA or PMMA or PC+ABS, and during injection moulding, the position of cast gate flies oil preferably away from ink logo otherwise cause easily, and removing cast gate after the injection moulding is exactly a complete workpiece.Take out this workpiece, shear processing, promptly obtain a complete decorative panel according to the data and the pattern of decorative panel.Various main casting resin of the present invention and injection temperature see the following form:
Figure G2006101270959D00071
According to above-mentioned process, diaphragm can have following three kinds of different embodiments with the combination of casting resin:
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 7, after diaphragm is made in the present embodiment, the diaphragm 11 that will have pattern 19 with film feeder is delivered to decorative-plate film tool 12 positions, (consult Fig. 7 a) according to laser positioning diaphragm 11, with fixture 13 diaphragm 11 is fixed on the mould 12 then and (consults Fig. 7 b), add heat sealable lid film, mobile cast gate 14 injects resin 15 (consulting Fig. 7 c), during injection moulding, the position of cast gate 14 is away from ink logo, fly oil otherwise cause easily, behind resin 15 cooling formings, open mould 12, this moment, the pattern 19 on the diaphragm was transferred to the decorative panel 10 after the injection mo(u)lding, stay residual diaphragm 17, with fetching and sending devices 16 decorative panel 10 is taken out (consulting Fig. 7 d) then, get final product through post processing again.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 8, after diaphragm is made in the present embodiment, the diaphragm 11 that will have pattern with film feeder is delivered to decorative-plate film tool 12 positions, by 11 heating of 18 pairs of diaphragms of heater, cutting (is consulted Fig. 8 a) then, with fixture 13 diaphragm 11 is fixed on the mould 12, (consulting Fig. 8 b), enter in the film tool groove after making heating diaphragm 11 softening by high pressure air blowing device 20 and (consult Fig. 8 c), shift out heater 18 and high pressure air blowing device 20 (consulting Fig. 8 d), matched moulds, inject resin 15, diaphragm 11 and resin 15 are combined as a whole (consulting Fig. 8 e), and take out the cooling back, obtains decorative panel 10 (consulting Fig. 8 f).
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 9, after diaphragm is made in the present embodiment, the diaphragm 11 that will have pattern is delivered to decorative panel model 21 positions, add thermal deformation (consulting Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b) by heater 18 and 20 pairs of diaphragms 11 of high pressure air blowing device, cooling back is taken out cutting and is made diaphragm 11 moulding (consulting Fig. 9 c), the diaphragm after the moulding 11 is put into the model groove (consulting Fig. 9 d) of mould 12 with fetching and sending devices 16, matched moulds, inject resin 15, diaphragm 11 and resin 15 be combined as a whole (consulting Fig. 9 e), take out the cooling back, obtains decorative panel 10 (consulting Fig. 9 f).
Embodiment one of the present invention with the difference of embodiment two and embodiment three is, embodiment one is in injection moulding, pattern transfer is to decorative panel, and diaphragm stays, and is injection-moulded on the decorative panel simultaneously and embodiment two and embodiment three are diaphragm and the diaphragms that will have pattern; Embodiment two is that with the difference of embodiment three embodiment two pays shape in the mould, diaphragm injection moulding simultaneously, and then, process and obtain decorative panel, and embodiment three is after diaphragm is shaped, injection moulding directly obtains decorative panel again.
Three characteristics that embodiment has nothing in common with each other of the present invention.Embodiment one: film feeder advances carrier film; Design variation is flexible, can realize high-grade the decoration; Need not postorder side cut (the decoration type is wood grain/metal/art pattern CAD/trade mark); One-shot forming need not front/rear operation (but automated production); Scratch resistance: it is 2H that cure process is arranged, and no cure process is F; Suitable injected plastics material is ABS, PMMA, ABS+PC.Embodiment two: film feeder advances decorating film; The pattern forming distortion is little, and stretching depth is dark; Pattern is abundant, and the top layer acrylic makes product surface wear-resisting (plastic non-shiny surface); Directly suck decorating film, one-shot forming (but automated production) in the injection moulding process; Scratch resistance is H; Suitable injected plastics material is ABS, PMMA, ABS+PC, PP, PA.Embodiment three: the preformed decorating film; The pattern forming distortion is very little, and punch preformed can realize the maximum tension degree of depth; Pattern is abundant, and the top layer acrylic makes product surface wear-resisting (plastic non-shiny surface); The die parting line bag advances also plastic; Scratch resistance is H; Suitable injected plastics material is ABS, ABS+PC, PP, PS.

Claims (10)

1. novel technique of transcribing in model method that is used for air conditioner decorative sheet, 1., make diaphragm it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:, but comprise the material of selecting to make diaphragm and printing material, at the printing zone printed patterns and to make the back dry; 2., the location film feeding, comprise the film feeder film feeding, in the mould of decorative panel location and fixing diaphragm; 3., compression molding, comprise that heating makes softening, the moulding of diaphragm; 4., injection moulding, comprise that corresponding diaphragm material selects casting resin, corresponding resin moderated temperature and inject resin; 5., post processing, comprise taking-up, shear and processing.
2. novel technique of transcribing in model method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described diaphragm is polycarbonate diaphragm or polyethylene terephthalate's diaphragm or lucite diaphragm, perhaps is multiple mixing wherein.
3. novel technique of transcribing in model method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: but described printing material comprises priming coat, binder, tack coat and high temperature resistant printing ink, or comprise priming coat, binder, adhere to and promote material and high temperature resistant printing ink, wherein, binder increases the adhesion of printing ink, diaphragm and casting resin.
4. novel technique of transcribing in model method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mode of printing is hectographic printing or driography or electrophotographic printing or litho or photogravure or temperature-sensitive printing or ink jet printing or screen painting or letterpress, and the silk screen that is used for screen painting is selected the polyester net about 80 orders/cm for use.
5. novel technique of transcribing in model method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described forming method is mechanical-moulded or shaped by fluid pressure or hot-forming or high-pressure molding.
6. novel technique of transcribing in model method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described casting resin is PC or ABS or PS or PA or PP or PMMA or PC+ABS.
7. an air conditioner decorative sheet that adopts novel technique of transcribing in model as claimed in claim 1 is located on the wind outlet frame of air-conditioner front panel, it is characterized in that:
In described air conditioner wind outlet framework, be pivoted with an outlet frame that can swing up and down air-supply, this outlet frame is the rectangle framework that is made of left and right side plate and upper and lower plate, wherein, when air-conditioner is opened, outlet frame can swing up and down air-supply, when air-conditioner closed, outlet frame can block air outlet and avoid dust to enter;
The decorative panel of described employing novel technique of transcribing in model injection mo(u)lding be located at going up of described outlet frame or lower plate surperficial.
8. the air conditioner decorative sheet of employing novel technique of transcribing in model according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
In described outlet frame, be provided with vertical pendulum leaf, yaw leaf, vertical pendulum leaf connecting rod, described yaw leaf and outlet frame integrated injection molding;
Fix a motor in the outside of described wind outlet frame, described outlet frame is connected with the turning cylinder of described motor by a crank-rocker mechanism, swings up and down to drive outlet frame.
9. the air conditioner decorative sheet of employing novel technique of transcribing in model according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described decorative panel is an arc surface cover plate that seals all around, and wall is provided with a plurality of catching grooves or groove button all around, and perhaps the cover plate inboard is provided with plug or jack; Correspondence is provided with groove button or catching groove around the upper plate of described outlet frame, and perhaps the upper panel surface correspondence is provided with jack or plug, described decorative panel clamping or grafting or be adhered to the upper panel surface of outlet frame.
10. according to the air conditioner decorative sheet of claim 7 or 8 described employing novel technique of transcribing in model, it is characterized in that: upper lateral part or bottom are provided with a baffle plate behind described outlet frame, make baffle plate and decorative panel when air-conditioning is closed, the complete closed air outlet.
CN200610127095A 2006-09-28 2006-09-28 Air conditioner decorative sheet adopting novel technique of transcribing in model and its technique Active CN101153737B (en)

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