CN101151254A - 具有核碱基支架的二酮酸:靶标在hiv整合酶的抗-hiv复制抑制剂 - Google Patents
具有核碱基支架的二酮酸:靶标在hiv整合酶的抗-hiv复制抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述了构建在核碱基支架上的一类新的二酮酸,并通过抑制HIV整合酶设计成HIV复制的抑制剂。这些化合物可用于预防或治疗HIV感染以及治疗AIDS和ARC,其以化合物的形式,或者以它们的药学上可接受的盐的形式,与药学上可接受的载体一起,这些化合物可以单独使用或与抗病毒剂、免疫调节剂、抗生素、疫苗以及其它治疗剂组合使用。还描述了治疗AIDS和ARC的方法以及治疗或预防HIV感染的方法。本申请的化合物包括如下定义的式I化合物:包括其互变异构体、区域异构体、几何异构体以及如果合适的话,其旋光异构体,及其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述的核碱基支架和R基团的定义如说明书所述。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2005年1月31日提交的美国专利申请11/047,229的优先权,其在此整个引入作为参考。
做成本专利申请的工作部分受国家卫生研究院(the National Institutes ofHealth)的拨款支持,拨款号为A143181。在本发明中美国政府可保留某些发明权利。
发明背景
人类免疫缺陷病毒,HIV,通过它的逆转录酶基因编码三种关键的病毒酶,并且这些酶对此病毒的复制是起关健作用的[Fauci,Science,239,617-622(1988);Katz & Skalka,Annu.Rev.Biochem.,63,133-173(1994);Frankel,Annu.Rev.Biochem.,67,1-25(1998)]。因此,该逆转录酶基因的这些酶在HIV抗病毒化疗剂的开发过程中已经用作攻击潜在部位的靶标[De Clercq,J.Med.Chem.38,2491-2517(1995);Clin.Microbiol.Rev.,10,674-693(1997);DeClercq,Nature Reviews:Drug Discovery,11,13-25(2002)]。涉及这些酶中的两种酶,HIV逆转录酶(RT)和HIV蛋白酶(PR)的药物发现,以及这些治疗剂中的-些在用于治疗HAART(高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗)中的艾滋病(AIDS)和爱滋病相关复合症(ARC)中的联合治疗的随后临床应用已经表明,靶标关键病毒酶的这种方法代表了一种有用的抗病毒化疗方法[Johnson & Gerber,in“Advances in Internal Medicine,”vol.44.Mosby:St.Louis,1-40(2000);DeClercq,Nature Reviews:Drug Discovery,11,13-25(2002);Miller & Hazuda,Current Opinion in Microbiology,4,535-539(2001);Asante-Appiah & Skalka,Adv.Virus Res.,52,351-369(1999);Nair,in“Recent Advances in Nucleosides:Chemistry and Chemotherapy,”Elsevier Science:Netherlands,149-166(2002);DeClercq,Intl.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.36,1800-1822(2004)]。虽然HIV RT和HIV PR已经被广泛地用于治疗研究,但是该逆转录酶基因、HIV整合酶的第三种酶却很少被考虑[Miller & Hazuda,Current Opinion in Microbiology,4,535-539(2001);Nair,Rev.Med.Virol.,12,179-193(2002);Nair,CurrentPharmaceutical Design,9,2553-2565(2003)]。
目前,还没有用于HIV/AIDS的临床药物,其中作用机理是抑制HIV整合酶。HIV-1整合酶是一种在逆转录酶基因的3′-端编码的32kDa蛋白[Asante-Appiah & Skalka,Adv.Virus Res.,52,351-369(1999);Esposito &Craigie,Adv.Virus Res.,52,319-333(1999)]。它涉及HIV DNA整合到寄主细胞染色体中。因为整合酶没有人相似物(counterpart),以及因为它在完成人细胞被HIV侵入中起重要的作用,它在用于发现治疗潜能的抑制剂中是一种有吸引力的靶标。
通过整合酶催化的HIV DNA与宿主染色体DNA在细胞核中的结合,通过特定限定序列的3′-加工或裁剪和链转移/整合反应显然地发生[Asante-Appiah & Skalka,Adv.Virus Res.,52,351-369(1999);Esposito &Craigie Adv.Virus Res.,52,319-333(1999)]。在整合过程开始之前,存在之前在整合酶上由反转录作用产生的病毒DNA的装配。HIV整合酶在病毒DNA的LTRs中识别特异性序列。在整合酶上装配病毒DNA后,在具有位点专一核酸内切酶活性的地方出现病毒DNA的加工,两种核苷酸从双螺旋病毒DNA的每个3′-端裂解,产生裁剪的病毒DNA,其被两种核苷酸隐藏和具有一个末端CAOH-3′。对于这种最初的3′-加工步骤,整合酶明显地激活朝向裂解的磷酸二酯键。由此产生的隐性病毒DNA在下一步中与寄主细胞DNA在细胞核中通过酯交换反应连接。在此阶段中,整合酶位于病毒DNA的3′-OH端,在宿主DNA中的磷酸二酯键上进行亲核攻击。在随后的阶段中,在宿主DNA中存在4-6 bp裂解并且所述的偶合包括加工的CAOH-3′病毒DNA端与宿主DNA的5′-磷酸酯端连接。最后,存在由寄主细胞酶介导的所得空隙中间体的修复,虽然在这里整合酶的作用也是可能的。
多种化合物是HIV整合酶的抑制剂,但是这些化合物中的一些是该酶的非特异性抑制剂,虽然有证据表明其它化合物可能具有一定的特异性。各种类型包括核苷酸、低聚核苷酸、二核苷酸、以及混杂的小分子包括杂环体系、天然产物、二酮酸、砜等[Nair,Rev.Med.Virol.,12,179-193(2002);Nair,Current Pharmaceutical Design,9,2553-2565(2003);Chi and Nair,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.14,4815-4817(2004);Nair and coworkers,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,122,5671-5677(2000)]。
之前研究的与本专利最直接相关的化合物的类型是具有芳基或杂芳基取代基的二酮酸。这些化合物中的一些是HIV整合酶抑制剂,但是最通常的仅是在链转移步骤。所述的整合酶抑制数据已经在一些科技出版物中报道[Wai,et al.,“4-Aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase andviral replication in cells,”J.Med.Chem.43,4923-4926(2000);Pais,G.C.G.,etal.,“Structure activity of 3-aryl-1,3-diketo-containing compounds as HIV-1integrase inhibitors,”J.Med.Chem.45,3184-3194(2002);Marchand,C.,etal.,“Structural determinants for HIV-1 integrase inhibition by β-diketo acids,”J.Biol.Chem.277,12596-12603(2002);Sechi,M.,et al.,“Design and synthesisof novel indole beta-diketo acid derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors,”J.Med. Chem.47,5298-5310(2004);Zhang,et al.,“Azido-containing aryl β-ketoacid HIV-1 integrase inhibitors,”Bioorg.Med. Chem.Lett.13,1215-1219(2003)]。在该领域中的其它出版物是与本专利申请间接相关的。
HIV整合酶通过二酮酸的抑制机理可能是由于这些化合物上的官能团与整合酶活性位点中的金属离子发生相互作用,导致这些关键的金属辅因子的功能性螯合作用[Grobler,J.A.,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.99,6661-6666(2002)]。
与本申请最直接相关的专利是:Selnick,H.G.et al.,(Merck & Co.Ltd.),“Preparation of nitrogen-containing 4-heteroaryl-2,4-dioxobutyric acids useful asHIV integrase inhibitors,”WO 9962513;Young,S.D.,et al.,(Merck & Co.Ltd.),“Preparation of aromatic and heteroaromatic 4-aryl-2,4-dioxobutyric acidderivatives useful as HIV integrase inhibitors,”WO 9962897;Fujishita,T.,et al.,Yoshinaga,T.,et al.(Shionogi & Co.Ltd.),“Preparation of aromatic heterocyclecompounds having HIV integrase inhibiting activities,”WO 0039086;Akihiko,S.,(Shionogi & Co.Ltd.),“Medicinal compositions containing propenonederivatives,”WO 0196329;Payne,L.S.,et al.,(Merck & Co.Ltd.;Tularik,Inc.),“Preparation of 1,3-diaryl-1,3-propanediones as HIV integrase inhibitors,”WO0100578;Egbertson,M.,et al.,(Merck & Co.Ltd.),“HIV integrase inhibitors,”WO 9962520。
上面所引用的一些专利是密切相关的。但是,所述的专利或出版物没有描述本发明化合物的类型。特别地,本发明的化合物具有核酸碱基(核碱基)支架,其对有效的活性是需要的并且之前没有认识到。
在以前的专利和出版物中所述的三种最大活性的化合物的结构如下所示。它们是以前已知的抑制剂的最佳代表。它们在HIV整合酶试验中抑制链转移步骤,但是对整合酶作用的3′-加工步骤没有表现出重要的抑制。
体外抗HIV活性数据
化合物号: S-1360 L-731988 L-708906
IC50(μM): 0.14* 1.0 5.5**
CC50(μM): 110* 没有给出 88.3**
治疗指数: 786* 没有给出 16**
专利: WO 0196329 WO 9962513 WO 9962520
出版物: Hazuda,D.J.,et al., Hazuda,D.J.,et al.,
Science 287,646-650 Science 287,646-650
(2000) (2000)
*Yoshinaga等的抗-HIV-1数据来自Proc.9th Conference on Retrovirusesand Opportunistic Infections,2002(no 8,p 55),被DeClercq,Int.J.Biochem.&Cell Biol.,36,1800-1822(2004)引用。
**这些体外抗-HIV-1数据由the DeClercq laboratory[Pannecouque,C.,et al.,Current Biology,12,1169-1177(2002)]对化合物L-708906报道。
然而,在本发明中由我们所述的化合物的类型不仅是重要的,因为强烈抑制HIV整合酶的3′-加工和链转移步骤,而且因为它增强的效力和治疗指数,这一点被体外抗-HIV活性所证实。设计我们的化合物的关键是核酸碱基(核碱基)支架,其对有效的活性是需要的并且之前没有认识到。
作为一个例子,在与AZT(基于PBMC细胞的试验)一起比较的体外抗-HIV活性中,具有尿嘧啶支架的下面所示的本发明的化合物(也参见通式I)具有>10,000的治疗指数以及比AZT(治疗指数=5,511)更高的活性。这种化合物还具有比之前在上面专利和出版物中所述的抗-HIV整合酶抑制剂要高很多的活性。在体外抗-HIV试验中,之前报道的公知的HIV整合酶抑制剂的治疗指数(参见上表中化合物号S-1360)仅为786。
本发明化合物的体外抗-HIV活性数据
IC50 0.02μM
CC50 >200μM
治疗指数 >10,000
发明概述
描述了构建在核碱基支架(nucleobase scaffold)上的一类新的二酮酸,并通过抑制HIV整合酶设计成HIV复制的抑制剂。这些化合物可以用通式I表示(并且包括其互变异构体、区域异构体、几何异构体和旋光异构体,以及其药学上可接受的盐,如果合适的话),其中正方形(square)所述的部分是由核碱基(nucleobase)衍生物组成的分子支架。这些化合物用于预防或治疗HIV感染以及治疗AIDS和ARC,其以化合物的形式,或者以它们的药学上可接受的盐的形式,与药学上可接受的载体一起,这些化合物可以单独使用或与抗病毒剂、免疫调节剂、抗生素、疫苗以及其它治疗剂组合使用。还描述了治疗AIDS和ARC的方法以及治疗或预防HIV感染的方法。
发明的详细说明
下列术语将在整个说明书中使用以说明本发明。除非另有说明,用于说明本发明的术语将以它通常被本领域熟练技术人员所理解的含义给出。
除非另有说明,在此所使用的术语“化合物”是指在此公开的任何具体的化合物并且包括其互变异构体、区域异构体、几何异构体,以及(如果合适的话)旋光异构体及其药学上可接受的盐。在上下文中使用时,术语化合物通常是指单个的化合物,但是也可能包括其它化合物例如立体异构体、区域异构体和/或旋光异构体(包括外消旋混合物)以及所公开的化合物的特定的对映异构体或对映异构体富集的混合物。
在本说明书上下文中所使用的术语“患者”或“受治疗者”用于描述一种动物,通常是指哺乳动物以及优选是指人,其用在此所提供的本发明的组合物进行治疗,包括预防性治疗。对于治疗那些感染、病症或疾病状态,其对特定的动物例如人患者来说是特定的,术语患者是指特定的动物。
在此使用的术语“ 有效的”,除非另有说明,用于描述一种化合物或组合物的数量,在上下文中,其用来产生或引起一种预期结果,所述的预期效果涉及治疗与HIV、ARC或AIDS有关的病毒、微生物或其它疾病状态、障碍或病症,或者用于产生另一种化合物、药剂或组合物。该术语包含在本申请中描述的所有其它有效量或有效浓度术语。
在本说明书通篇中使用的术语“核碱基支架”是指核苷碱基,选自尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤和嘌呤,其在所述核苷碱基上的四个可取代的位置处含有至少四个取代基,其中之一是在此所定义的酮酸,其中另外三个R1、R2和R3如在此所定义。
术语″杂芳基″是指含有1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6-元杂芳环,其中杂芳环任选被1-3个取代基如卤素、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基和CF3取代。术语杂芳基和“杂芳环”在此可以互换使用。
术语“人免疫缺陷病毒”或“HIV”用于描述人类免疫缺陷性病毒1和2(HIV-1和HIV-2)。
术语“ARC”和“AIDS”是指由人类免疫缺陷性病毒所引起的免疫系统综合症,其特征在于对某些疾病的敏感性以及与正常计数相比T细胞计数的减少。HIV进程从类别1(无症状的HIV疾病)到类别2(ARC),到类别3(AIDS),随着该疾病的严重程度发展。
类别1 HIV感染的特征为患者或受治疗者是HIV阳性的、无症状的(没有症状)并且CD4细胞大于500。如果患者具有类别2(ARC)或3(AIDS)中所列的任何AIDS限定的疾病,那么该患者不属于此类别。如果患者的T-细胞计数曾经低于500,那么该患者被考虑在类别2(ARC)或类别3(AIDS)中。
类别2(ARC)感染的特征为下列标准:患者的T-细胞低于500,但是不会低于200,患者没有任何类别3疾病(如下所述),但是具有下列限定疾病中的至少一种--
○杆菌性血管瘤病
○口咽念珠菌病(鹅口疮)
○外阴阴道念珠菌病;对治疗持续的、频繁的或差的反应
○子宫颈发育异常(中度或严重)/原位宫颈癌
○全身症状,例如持续1个月以上的发烧(38.5℃)或腹泻
○口腔毛状白斑
○带状疱疹(shingles),包括至少两个不同的发作或不止一个皮区
○特发性血小板减少性紫癜
○李氏特菌病
○盆腔炎,特别是如果并发输卵管卵巢脓肿
○周围神经病
根据美国政府,在2类别ARC中,免疫系统表示损伤的一些病征但是它不是危及生命的。
类别3(AIDS)感染的特征为下列标准:
你的T-细胞低于200或你有下列限定疾病中的至少一种--
○支气管、气管或肺的念珠菌病
○食道念珠菌病
○浸润性子宫颈癌**
○播散性或肺外球孢子菌病
○肺外隐球菌病
○慢性肠隐孢球虫病(大于1个月的持续时间)
○巨细胞病毒病(肝、脾或结节除外)
○巨细胞病毒视网膜炎(伴随视力损失)
○与HIV有关的脑病
○单纯疱疹:慢性溃疡(大于1个月的持续时间);或支气管炎、肺炎或食管炎
○播散性或肺外组织胞浆菌病
○慢性肠等孢球虫病(大于1个月的持续时间)
○卡波西肉瘤
○伯基特(或等同术语)淋巴瘤
○免疫母细胞性(或等同术语)淋巴瘤
○脑原发性淋巴瘤
○播散性或肺外avium分枝杆菌综合症或M.kansasii
○任何位点(肺部**或肺外)的结核分枝杆菌
○其它种类或未鉴定种类的播散性或肺外分枝杆菌
○卡氏肺囊虫性肺炎
○复发性肺炎**
○进行性多灶性白质脑病
○复发性沙门氏菌败血病
○脑弓形体病
○由于HIV引起的衰竭综合征
术语“联合给药”是指至少两种化合物或组合物同时给予患者,这样两种或多种化合物中的每一种的有效量或浓度可以在给定时间点在患者中被发现。虽然本发明的化合物可以同时组合给药于患者,但是该术语包括两种或多种药剂同时或在不同时间给药,条件是所有组合给药(co-administer)的化合物或组合物的有效浓度在患者中在给定的时间被发现。
本发明涉及通式I的化合物、其组合或其药学上可接受的盐,用于抑制HIV整合酶、预防或治疗HIV感染以及治疗AIDS和ARC。式I的化合物如下定义:
包括其互变异构体、区域异构体、几何异构体以及如果合适的话,其旋光异构体,及其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述的核碱基支架和R基团定义为:
(i)具有尿嘧啶核碱基支架的酮酸;
R1和R2独立地是:
a)H,
b)C1-6烷基,
c)C1-6氟烷基,
d)C1-6烷基S(O)nR,其中n选自0-2,R选自C1-3烷基、苯基和取代苯基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
e)具有1-3个取代基的C5-6环烷基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
f)C1-6链烯基,
g)C1-6烷基COnRa,其中n选自1和2,Ra选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
h)苯基,
i)具有1-3个取代基的取代苯基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
j)苄基,
k)具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
l)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,
m)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,所述的苯基可以被1-3个取代基取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
n)Rb,
o)被Rb取代的C1-6烷基,
其中每个Rb是含有1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6员杂芳环,所述的环可以在碳或氮上被1-3个取代基取代或不被取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
R3选自:
a)H,
b)C1-6烷基,
c)卤素,
d)羟基,
e)苯硫基,
f)具有1-3个取代基的取代苯硫基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
g)苄基,
h)具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
R4选自:
a)CO2Rc,其中Rc选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐,
b)P(O)(ORd)(ORe),其中Rd和Re可以是相同的或不同的并且选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐。
(ii)具有黄嘌呤核碱基支架的酮酸;
R1、R2和R3独立地是:
a)H,
b)C1-6烷基,
c)C1-6氟烷基,
d)C1-6烷基S(O)nR,其中n选自0-2,R选自C1-3烷基、苯基和取代苯基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
e)具有1-3个取代基的C5-6环烷基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
f)C1-6链烯基,
g)C1-6烷基COnRa,其中n选自1和2,Ra选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
h)苯基,
i)具有1-3个取代基的取代苯基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
j)苄基,
k)具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
l)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,
m)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,所述的苯基可以被1-3个取代基取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
n)Rb,
o)被Rb取代的C1-6烷基,
其中每个Rb是含有1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6元杂芳环,所述的环可以在碳或氮上被1-3个取代基取代或不被取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
R4选自:
a)CO2Rc,其中Rc选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐,
b)P(O)(ORd)(ORe),其中Rd和Re可以是相同的或不同的并且选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐。
(iii)具有次黄嘌呤核碱基支架的酮酸;
R1、R2和R3独立地是:
a)H,
b)C1-6烷基,
c)C1-6氟烷基,
d)C1-6烷基S(O)nR,其中n选自0-2,R选自C1-3烷基、苯基和取代苯基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
e)具有1-3个取代基的C5-6环烷基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
f)C1-6链烯基,
g)C1-6烷基COnRa,其中n选自1和2,Ra选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
h)苯基,
i)具有1-3个取代基的取代苯基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
j)苄基,
k)具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
l)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,
m)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,所述的苯基可以被1-3个取代基取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
n)Rb,
o)被Rb取代的C1-6烷基,
其中每个Rb是含有1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6员杂芳环,所述的环可以在碳或氮上被1-3个取代基取代或不被取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
R4选自:
a)CO2Rc,其中Rc选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐,
b)P(O)(ORd)(ORe),其中Rd和Re可以是相同的或不同的并且选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐。
iv)具有嘌呤核碱基支架的酮酸;
R1、R2和R3独立地是:
a)H,
b)C1-6烷基,
c)C1-6氟烷基,
d)C1-6烷基S(O)nR,其中n选自0-2,R选自C1-3烷基、苯基和取代苯基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
e)具有1-3个取代基的C5-6环烷基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
f)C1-6链烯基,
g)C1-6烷基COnRa,其中n选自1和2,Ra选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
h)苯基,
i)具有1-3个取代基的取代苯基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
j)苄基,
k)具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
l)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,
m)被苯基取代的C2-6烷基,所述的苯基可以被1-3个取代基取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
n)Rb,
o)被Rb取代的C1-6烷基,
其中每个Rb是含有1-2个选自氧、氮和硫的杂原子的5或6员杂芳环,所述的环可以在碳或氮上被1-3个取代基取代或不被取代,其中取代基选自:
1)卤素,
2)羟基,
3)C1-3烷基,
4)C1-3烷氧基,
5)CF3,
R4选自:
a)CO2Rc,其中Rc选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐,
b)P(O)(ORd)(ORe),其中Rd和Re可以是相同的或不同的并且选自:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)H,
3)钠或其它药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还包括可用于抑制HIV整合酶的药物组合物,其包含有效量的本发明的化合物以及药学上可接受的载体。本发明还包括可用于治疗HIV感染或用于治疗AIDS或ARC的药物组合物。本发明还包括抑制病毒酶、HIV整合酶的方法以及抑制HIV生长或复制的方法或治疗HIV感染或治疗AIDS或ARC的方法。此外,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物以及治疗有效量的一种用于治疗AIDS的药剂的组合,所述的ASDS药剂选自(i)AIDS或HIV抗病毒剂,(ii)抗感染药剂,(iii)免疫调节剂,(iv)其它有用的治疗剂包括抗生素以及其它抗病毒剂。
对于R1、R2和R3,本发明的化合物可以具有区域异构体,这些区域异构体形式包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的化合物可以具有不对称中心,并且可以以旋光异构体的形式存在,所有这些异构体形式都包括在本发明的范围内。所述的化合物可以具有几何异构体,并且这些形式包括在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的化合物还可以以互变异构体形式存在。因此,术语“及其互变异构体”被用于描述式I的化合物的互变异构体形式例如Ia和Ib(如下所示)。
通式I表示的化合物及其互变异构体,可以理解,对于本发明来说,还包括互变异构体Ia和Ib。类似地,当关于化合物(Ia),可以理解,对本发明的目的而言,同样是指互变异构体(I)和(Ib)。这也适用于互变异构体(Ib)。
当涉及R1、R2、R3、R4的变体在任何式I中存在不止一次时,它们每次存在的定义是相互不相关的。只有当这些组合产生稳定化合物时,核碱基和变体的组合才是允许的。
本发明的化合物用于抑制HIV整合酶,预防或治疗HIV感染以及治疗被称为AIDS的疾病。治疗AIDS或预防或治疗HIV感染被定义为包括治疗各种各样的HIV感染状态:AIDS、ARC和实际的或潜在的暴露于HIV(例如,通过输血、体液交换、咬、针头穿刺、在内科或牙科操作中暴露于患者血液,以及其它方式)。
其它应用也是本发明的一部分。例如,本发明的化合物用于抗病毒化合物制备和进行其筛选试验,包括分离病毒酶变异体以及进一步了解所述的酶,HIV整合酶。
本发明还提供结构式(I)的化合物制备药物组合物的用途,所述的药物组合物可用于抑制HIV整合酶和治疗AIDS或ARC。
本发明的化合物可以以“公知的药学上可接受的”盐的形式给药。后者是指包括所有可接受的盐例如乙酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苯磺酸盐、月桂酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苹果酸盐、碳酸氢盐、马来酸盐、硫酸氢盐、扁桃酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、甲磺酸盐、硼酸盐、甲基溴化物、溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、依地酸钙盐、樟脑磺酸盐、粘酸盐、碳酸盐、萘磺酸盐、氯化物、硝酸盐、棒酸盐、N-甲基葡糖胺、柠檬酸盐、铵盐、二盐酸盐、油酸盐、依地酸盐、草酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、丙酸酯月桂硫酸盐、棕榈酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、葡庚糖酸盐、多聚半乳糖醛酸盐、葡糖酸盐、水杨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、乙醇酰基阿散酸盐、硫酸盐、己基间苯二酚甲酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、哈胺(hydrabamine)、琥珀酸盐、氢溴酸盐、鞣酸盐、盐酸盐、酒石酸盐、羟基萘甲酸盐、8-氯茶碱、碘化物、甲苯磺酸盐、异硫代硫酸盐、三乙基碘、乳酸盐、panoate、戊酸盐,以及可以用作用于改变溶解度或水解特性或可以被用于缓释或前药制剂剂型的其它物质。本发明的药学上可接受的盐包括具有抗衡离子的那些,例如钠、钾、钙、锂、镁、锌和来自碱如氨、乙二胺、N-甲基-谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、鸟氨酸、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、普鲁卡因、N-苄基苯乙胺、二乙胺、哌嗪、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷和氢氧化四甲铵。
此外,在存在羧酸(-COOH)或醇基的情况中,可以使用药学上可接受的酯,例如,乙酸酯、马来酸酯、新戊酰氧基甲基等,更优选C1-C20酯以及本领域已知的用于改善溶解度或水解特性用作缓释或前药制剂的那些酯。药学上可接受的酯还可以用于存在膦酸基[-PO(OH)2]的情况中。连接于核碱基支架的二酮膦酸也是本发明的一部分。
本发明的化合物的治疗有效量可以通过口服、胃肠外、吸入喷雾剂或直肠方式以含有药学上可接受的载体、佐剂和赋形剂的剂量单位制剂形式给予患者,包括纳米微粒给药方法。术语″药学上可接受的″是指载体、稀释剂或赋形剂必须与制剂的其它成分相容并且对患者或受试者没有毒害。药物组合物可以以口服悬浮液或片剂、鼻喷雾剂以及可注射制剂(可注射含水或含油悬浮液或栓剂)的形式给药。这种治疗方法构成本发明的一部分。所使用的给药途径(口服如溶液或悬浮液、立即释放片剂、鼻气雾剂或吸入剂、注射溶液或悬浮液或以栓剂的形式直肠给药)涉及在药物制剂领域中公知的技术。
本发明的化合物可以以优选的形式(例如片剂)和约0.1-200mg/kg体重的优选剂量范围以分剂量口服给予人。任何特定患者的具体剂量水平和给药次数可以变化,取决于各种因素,包括所使用具体化合物的活性、该化合物的代谢和作用持续时间、患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药方式和次数、排泄速度、组合用药以及具体病症的严重程度和患者进行的治疗。
本发明还包括式I的HIV整合酶抑制剂化合物与一种或多种其它治疗剂的治疗有效组合,所述的一种或多种其它治疗剂例如是AIDS抗病毒剂、其它抗病毒剂、免疫调节剂、抗感染药剂、抗生素、疫苗或其它治疗剂。一些例子如下所示。
抗病毒剂
药物名称 制造商 治疗用途
097 Hoechst/Bayer HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(NNRT
抑制剂)
安泼那韦(Amprenivir) Glaxo Wellcome HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
141W94,GW141 酶抑制剂)
阿巴卡韦(1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(RT
GW 1592 抑制剂)
醋孟南 Carrington Labs(Irving,TX) ARC
阿昔洛韦 Burroughs Wellcome HIV感染、AIDS、ARC、与
AZT组合
AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
AD-519 Tanox Biosystems HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
阿特福韦二吡呋酯 Gilead Sciences HIV感染
AL-721 Ethigen(Los Angeles,CA) ARC,PGL HIV阳性的,
AIDS
α干扰素 Glaxo Wellcome 卡波西肉瘤,HIV在组合w/
齐多夫定中
安沙霉素 Adria Laboratories(Dublin,OH) ARC
LM 427 Erbamont(Stamford,CT)
抗体,其中和pH不稳定的 Advanced Biotherapy AIDS,ARC
α异常干扰素 Concepts(Rockville,MD)
AR 177 Aronex Pharm HIV感染,AIDS,
ARC
β-氟-ddA National Cancer Institute 与AIDS有关的疾病
BMS-232623 Bristol-Myers Squibb/Novartis HIV感染、AIDS、
(CGP-73547) ARC(蛋白酶抑制剂)
BMS-234475 Bristol-Myers Squibb/Novartis HIV感染、AIDS、
(CGP-61755) ARC(蛋白酶抑制剂)
CI-1012 Warner-Lambert HIV-1感染
西多福韦 Gilead Science CMV视网膜炎,疱疹,
乳头状瘤病毒
硫酸凝胶多糖(curdlan AJI Pharma USA HIV感染
sulfate)
巨细胞病毒免疫球蛋白 Medlmmune CMV视网膜炎
赛美维(Cytovene) Syntex 视力威胁CMV
更昔洛韦(Ganciclovir) 周围CMV
视网膜炎
ddI Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV感染,AIDS,
双脱氧肌苷 ARC;与AZT/d4T组合
DMP-450 AVID(Camden,NJ) HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
酶抑制剂)
依非韦伦(DMP-266) DuPont Merck HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(非核
苷RT抑制剂)
EL10 Elan Corp,PLC(Gainesville,GA) HIV感染
泛昔洛韦 Smith Kline 带状疱疹,单纯疱疹
FTC Emory University HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(逆转
录酶抑制剂)
GS 840 Gilead HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(逆转
录酶抑制剂)
HBY097 Hoechst Marion Roussel HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(非核
苷逆转录酶抑制剂)
金丝桃素 VIMRx Pharm. HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
重组人干扰素β Triton Biosciences(Almeda,CA) AIDS,卡波西肉瘤,ARC
干扰素α-n3 Interferon Scienes ARC,AIDS
莫地那韦 Merck HIV感染,AIDS,ARC,无
症状的HIV阳性;与
AZT/ddI/ddC组合
ISIS-2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV视网膜炎
KNI-272 Natl.Cancer Institute 与HIV有关的疾病
拉米夫定,3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(逆转
录酶抑制剂);还与AZT一起
洛布卡韦 Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV感染
奈非那韦 Agouron Pharmaceuticals HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
酶抑制剂)
奈韦拉平 Boeheringer Ingleheim HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(RT
抑制剂)
Novapren Novaferon Labs,Inc.(Akron,OH) HIV抑制剂
肽T八肽序列 Peninsula Labs(Belmont,CA) AIDS
磷酰甲酸三钠 Astra Pharm.Products,Inc. CVV视网膜炎,HIV感染,
其它CMV
PNU-140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
酶抑制剂)
普罗布考 Vyrex HIV感染、AIDS
RBC-CD4 Sheffield Med.Tech(Houston,TX) HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
利托那韦 Abbott HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
酶抑制剂)
沙奎那韦 Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(蛋白
酶抑制剂)
司他夫定;d4T二脱氢脱氧 Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
胸苷
伐昔洛韦 Glaxo Wellcome 生殖器HSV & CMV感染
病毒唑(利巴韦林) Viratek/ICN(Costa Mesa,CA) 无症状的HIV阳性,LAS,
ARC
VX-478 Vertex HIV感染、AIDS、ARC
扎西他滨 Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV感染、AIDS、
ARC、与AZT一起
齐多夫定;AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV感染、AIDS、ARC、卡
波西肉瘤、与其它治疗组合
替诺福韦diisoproxil富马酸 Gilead HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(RT
盐(Viread) 抑制剂)
Combivir GSK HIV感染、AIDS、ARC(RT
抑制剂)
阿巴卡韦琥珀酸盐(或GSK HIV感染、AIDS、(逆转录酶
Ziagen) 抑制剂)
Fuzeon(或T-20) Roche/Trimeris HIV感染、AIDS、病毒融合
抑制剂
免疫调节剂
药物名称 制造商 治疗用途
AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS
溴匹利明 Pharmacia Upjohn 晚期AIDS
醋孟南 Carrington Labs,Inc.(Irving,TX) AIDS,ARC
CL246,738 American Cyanamid AIDS,卡波西肉瘤
Lederle Labs
EL10 Elan Corp,PLC(Gainesville,GA) HIV感染
FP-21399 Fuki Immuno PHARM 阻滞HIV与CD4+细胞融合
γ干扰素 Genentech ARC,在组合w/TNF中
粒细胞巨噬细胞 Genetics Institute AIDS
集落刺激因子 Sandoz
粒细胞巨噬细胞 Hoeschst-Roussel AIDS
集落刺激因子 Immunex
粒细胞巨噬细胞 Schering-Plough AIDS,组合w/AZT
集落刺激因子
HIV核心颗粒免疫刺激剂 Rorer 血清阳性HIV
IL-2 Cetus AIDS,组合w/AZT
白细胞介素-2
IL-2 Hoffman-LaRoche AIDS,ARC,HIV,在组合
白细胞介素-2 Immunex w/AZT中
IL-2 Chiron AIDS,CD4细胞计数增加
白细胞介素-2
(阿地白介素)
静脉内免疫球蛋白(人) Cutter Biological(Berkeley,CA) 儿童AIDS,在组合w/AZT
中
IMREG-1 hnreg(New Orleans,LA) AIDS,卡波西肉瘤,ARC,
PGL
IMREG-2 Imreg(New Orleans,LA AIDS,卡波西肉瘤,ARC,
PGL
二乙基二巯基氨基甲酸钠 Merieux Institute AIDS,ARC
α-2干扰素 Schering Plough 卡波西肉瘤w/AZT,AIDS
甲硫氨酸-脑啡肽 TNI Pharmaceutical(Chicago,IL) AIDS,ARC
MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Corp. 卡波西肉瘤
胞壁酰基-三肽
粒细胞集落刺激因子 Amgen AIDS,在组合w/AZT中
Remune Immune Response Corp. 免疫治疗
rCD4 Genentech AIDS,ARC
重组的可溶性人CD4-IgG
rCD4-IgG杂合体(Hybrids) AIDS,ARC
重组的可溶性人CD4 Biogen AIDS,ARC
干扰素α2a Hoffman-LaRoche 卡波西肉瘤,AIDS,AR,
组合w/AZT
SK&F1-6528 Smith Kline HIV感染
可溶解性T4
胸腺喷丁 Immunobiology Research HIV感染
Institute(Annandale,NJ)
肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) Genentech ARC,在组合w/γ干扰素中
抗感染药剂
药物名称 制造商 治疗用途
氯林可霉素和伯氨喹啉 Pharmacia Upjohn PCP
氟康唑 Pfizer 隐球菌脑膜炎,念珠菌病
制霉菌素软锭剂 Squibb Corp. 预防口腔白念珠菌病
盐酸依氟鸟氨酸 Merrell Dow PCP
戊烷脒β-羟乙基磺酸盐(IM & IV) LyphoMed(Rosemont,IL) PCP治疗
甲氧苄啶 抗菌剂
甲氧苄啶/磺胺类药剂 抗菌剂
吡曲克辛 Burroughs Wellcome PCP治疗
戊烷脒β-羟乙基磺酸盐 Fisons Corporation PCP预防
螺旋霉素 Rhone-Poulenc 隐孢子原虫性腹泻
Intraconazole-R51211 Janssen Pharm 组织胞浆菌病;隐球菌脑膜
炎
三甲曲沙 Warner-Lambert PCP
其它药剂
药物名称 制造商 治疗用途
柔红霉素 NeXstar,Sequus 卡波西肉瘤
重组体人红细胞生成素 Ortho Pharm.Corp. 严重的贫血有关的w/AZT治疗
重组人生长激素 Serono 与AIDS有关的消瘦,恶病质
醋酸甲地孕酮 Bristol-Myers Squibb 治疗与厌食症有关的w/AIDS
睾酮 Alza,Smith Kline 与AIDS有关的消瘦
完全胃肠内营养 Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals 与AIDS有关系的腹泻和吸收
障碍
本发明的化合物与AIDS抗病毒剂、其它抗病毒剂、免疫调节剂、抗感染药剂、抗生素、疫苗、其它治疗剂的组合不局限于上表所列的那些,但是包括,原则上,可用于治疗HIV感染或用于治疗AIDS或ARC的任何药物组合物的任何组合。优选的组合是本发明的化合物和蛋白酶抑制剂(例如,莫地那韦、奈非那韦、利托那韦、沙奎那韦等)、逆转录酶抑制剂[核苷(例如,AZT、3TC、ddC、ddI、d4T、阿波卡韦等和/或非核苷(例如依非韦伦、奈韦拉平等)的同时或交替治疗,或这些抑制剂(参见上表)的两种或更多种的某些组合。引用组合的相关专利的一些代表性例子是:EPO 0,484,071、U.S.5,413,999、WO 9962513。
在这些组合药中,本发明的化合物以及其它活性剂可以分开给药或同时给药。此外,可以将一种成分在给予其它药物之前、同时或之后给药。
提供下列代表性例子用于详细说明本发明的化合物的制备。所述的实施例不应被理解为用于限制本发明的范围。此外,在下面实施例中所述的化合物不应被看作是仅构成本发明化合物的一部分,该化合物的组成部分或它们的部分的任何组合本身都可以构成本发明的一部分。这已经在本专利文件中以前提及过。本领域熟练技术人员将会容易理解,在下面制备方法中所述的反应条件和合成转化的已知变化可以用于制备本发明的其它化合物。
化学合成
代表性实施例1-12的化学方案是如下所示的方案1和2。
Ra-d:Bn,2-F-Bn,4-F-Bn,4-CF3-Bn
方案1
a b c d e f
R Bn 2-F-Bn 4-F-Bn 4-CF3-Bn H 4-F-Bn
R′ Bn 2-F-Bn 4-F-Bn 4-CF3-Bn Bn Bn
方案2
代表性实施例1
4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3a)。
步骤1:5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶(2a)的制备。
将5-乙酰基尿嘧啶(3.1g,20mmol)和碳酸钾(6.9g,50mmol)在DMF(75mL)中的悬浮液搅拌20min。然后加入苄基溴(6.0mL,50mmol)。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌8h。真空蒸除DMF。残余物用柱色谱(二氯甲烷∶甲醇40∶1)提纯。将合适的级分(fraction)浓缩并用乙醇结晶,得到5.34g白色固体。收率是79.8%。Mp.92-93℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):8.23(s,1H),7.29-7.49(m,10H),5.17(s,2H),5.01(s,2H),2.62(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):194.5,160.7,151.0,148.4,136.2,134.4,129.2,129.0,128.9,128.5,128.2,127.8,112.2,53.4,44.9,30.7.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C20H19N2O3 335.1396,实测值335.1412。
步骤2:4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3a)的制备。
在室温下,向搅拌下的叔丁醇钠(577mg,6mmol)在无水THF(15mL)中的溶液中滴加在THF(7mL)中的草酸二甲酯(472mg,4mmol),接着滴加在THF(8mL)中的5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶(2a)(669mg,2mmol)。所得混合物在室温下搅拌4h,然后酸化至pH=2。蒸除THF。在CH2Cl2(100mL)中的残余物用盐水(20mL)洗涤并用柱色谱提纯(己烷∶乙酸乙酯,2∶1)。将合适的级分浓缩并用乙醇结晶,得到254mg黄色固体。收率是29.1%。Mp.158-159℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):15.04(s,br,1H),8.36(s,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.29-7.49(m,10H),5.18(s,2H),5.05(s,2H),3.92(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):185.7,168.8,162.4,159.7,150.5,148.5,136.0,134.0,129.4,129.1,129.0,128.5,128.3,127.9,109.0,101.6,53.7,53.2,45.0.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H21N2O6421.1400,实测值421.1418。
代表性实施例2
4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4a)
将4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3a)(757mg,1.8mmol)在二烷(100mL)中的溶液与1N HCl(60mL)一起回流4h。将溶液蒸发至干。所得固体用己烷和乙酸乙酯(3∶1)重结晶,得到617mg浅黄色固体。收率是84.2%。Mp.186-188℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):8.89(s,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.24-7.36(m,10H),5.16(s,2H),5.02(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):186.1,169.0,163.2,159.9,151.1,150.2,136.5,135.8,128.7,128.4,128.0,127.8,127.6,127.3,107.7,100.9,52.8,44.2.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C22H19N2O6 407.1243,实测值407.1248。
代表性实施例3
4-[1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3b)。
步骤1:1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶(2b)的制备
除用2-氟苄基溴代替苄基溴以外,使用与实施例1步骤1所述的类似方法,合成此步骤的标题化合物。收率是43.9%。Mp.149-150℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):8.35(d,1H,J=1.0Hz),7.36-7.44(m,2H),7.04-7.26(m,6H),5.24(s,2H),5.07(s,2H),2.62(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):194.3,161.1(d,J=247.9Hz),160.7(d,J=247.9Hz),160.6,150.8,148.8(d,J=2.9Hz),131.3(d,J=3.4Hz),130.9(d,J=8.2Hz),129.19(d,J=8.2Hz),129.17(d,J=2.9Hz),124.7(d,J=3.8Hz),124.1(d,J=3.8Hz),123.1(d,J=14.5Hz),121.4(d,J=14.5Hz),115.9(d,J=21.6Hz),115.5(d,J=21.6Hz),112.2,47.8,38.8,30.6。
FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C20H17F2N2O3 371.1207,实测值371.1202。
步骤2:4-[1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3b)的制备。
除用1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶代替5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶以外,使用与实施例1步骤2所述的类似方法,合成此步骤的标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(3∶1)的混合物结晶,获得21.1%的收率。Mp.158-160℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):15.06(br,s,1H),8.52(s,1H),7.69(s,1H),7.38-7.46(m,2H),7.04-7.26(m,6H),5.25(s,2H),5.11(s,2H),3.90(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):185.3,169.2,162.4,161.2(d,J=247.3 Hz),160.7(d,J=247.9Hz),159.6,150.3,148.9(d,J=3.4Hz),131.5(d,J=3.4Hz),131.2(d,J=8.7Hz),129.3(d,J=8.2Hz),129.2(d,J=3.4Hz),124.8(d,J=3.8Hz),124.1(d,J=3.9Hz),122.8(d,J=14.5Hz),121.2(d,J=14.3Hz),116.0(d,J=21.1Hz),115.6(d,J=21.6Hz),108.9,101.5,53.0,48.2(d,J=3.4Hz),38.9(d,J=4.8Hz)。FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H19F2N2O6 457.1211,实测值457.1203。
代表性实施例4
4-[1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4b)。
除用4-[1,3-双(2-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3b)代替4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯以外,使用与实施例2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(2∶1)结晶,得到灰白色固体。收率是56.5%。Mp.178-179℃.1H NMR(DMSO-d6):15.00(br,s,1H),14.02(br,s,1H),8.90(s,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.08-7.40(m,8H),5.23(s,2H),5.05(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):185.7,169.2,163.0,160.2(d,J=246.0Hz),159.8(d,J=244.6Hz),159.7,151.2,149.9,130.2,129.0(d,J=8.2Hz),128.4(d,J=3.9Hz),124.5(d,J=3.3Hz),124.3(d,J=3.3Hz),123.1(d,J=13.9Hz),122.3(d,J=14.5Hz),115.4(d,J=21.1Hz),115.1(d,J=21.1Hz),107.6,100.7,47.8(d,J=3.4Hz),38.2(d,J=4.8Hz)。
FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C22H17F2N2O6 443.1055,实测值443.1045。
代表性实施例5
4-[1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3c)。
步骤1:1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶(2c)
除用4-氟苄基溴代替苄基溴以外,使用与实施例1步骤1所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。收率是51.8%。Mp.134-135℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):8.22(s,1H),7.48(dd,2H,J=9.0,5.5Hz),7.32(dd,2H,J=8.5,5.0Hz),6.99-7.09(m,4H),5.11(s,2H),4.97(s,2H),2.62(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):194.3,163.0(d,J=248.3Hz),162.4(d,J=246.4Hz),160.6,150.9,148.2,132.1(d,J=3.4Hz),131.1(d,J=8.2Hz),130.23(d,J=8.5Hz),130.26(d,J=2.9Hz),116.2(d,J=21.4Hz),115.3(d,J=21.5Hz),112.4,52.9,44.2,30.6.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C20H17F2N2O3 371.1207,实测值371.1220。
步骤2:4-[1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3c)的制备。
除用1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶代替5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶以外,使用与实施例1步骤2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用乙醇重结晶,获得23.5%的收率。Mp.171-173℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):15.02(br,s,1H),8.35(s,1H),7.71(s,1H),7.49(m,2H),7.34(m,2H),7.09(m,2H),7.00(m,2H),5.13(s,2H),5.02(s,2H),3.92(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):185.3,169.2,163.1(d,J=248.8Hz),162.5(d,J=246.4Hz),162.4,159.6,150.5,148.2,131.8(d,J=3.4Hz),131.2(d,J=8.2Hz),130.3(d,J=8.7Hz),129.9(d,J=3.4Hz),116.4(d,J=21.6Hz),115.4(d,J=21.6Hz),109.2,101.5,53.14,53.12,44.3.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H19F2N2O6 457.1211,实测值457.1196。
代表性实施例6
4-[1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4c)。
除用4-[1,3-双(4-氟苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3c)代替4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯以外,使用与实施例2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(3∶1)结晶。收率是49.7%。Mp.186-188℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):15.07(br,s,1H),14.02(br,s,1H),8.90(s,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.34-7.46(m,4H),7.10-7.21(m,4H),5.13(s,2H),4.98(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):185.8,169.2,163.1,161.8(d,J=244.1Hz),161.3(d,J=243.2Hz),159.7,150.8,150.1,132.6(d,J=2.9Hz),131.8(d,J=3.4Hz),130.2(d,J=8.2Hz),129.9(d,J=8.2Hz),115.4(d,J=21.6Hz),115.0(d,J=21.0Hz),107.7,100.7,52.1,43.5.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C22H17F2N2O6443.1055,实测值443.1044。
代表性实施例7
4-[1,3-双(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3d)。
步骤1:1,3-双(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶(2d)的制备。
除用4-(三氟甲基)苄基溴代替苄基溴以外,使用与实施例1,步骤1所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。收率是65.1%,无定形固体。1HNMR(CDCl3):8.27(s,1H),7.44-7.66(m,8H),5.20(s,2H),5.07(s,2H),2.63(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):194.1,160.5,150.9,148.3,140.0,138.2,131.3(q,J=32.7Hz),130.2(q,J=32.7Hz),129.3,128.4,126.3(q,J=3.8Hz),125.5(q,J=3.8Hz),124.0(q,J=272.0Hz),123.7(q,J=272.3Hz),112.6,53.2,44.5,30.6.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C22H17F6N2O3 471.1143,实测值471.1148。
步骤2:4-[1,3-双(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3d)的制备。
除用1,3-双(4-三氟甲基)苄基)-5-乙酰基尿嘧啶代替5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶以外,使用与实施例1步骤2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(3∶1)的混合物以及乙醇结晶,获得20.3%的收率。Mp.189-191℃.1H NMR(CDCl3):14.98(br,s,1H),8.41(s,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.46-7.68(m,8H),5.21(s,2H),5.11(s,2H)。13C NMR(CDCl3):185.0,169.5,162.3,159.5,150.4,148.3,139.7,138.0,131.4(q,J=32.5Hz),130.3(q,J=32.4Hz),129.4,128.5,126.3(q,J=3.7Hz),125.5(q,J=3.7Hz),124.0(q,J=271.9Hz),123.7(q,J=272.3Hz),109.4,101.5,53.4,53.2,44.6.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C25H19F6N2O6557.1147,实测值557.1135。
代表性实施例8
4-[1,3-双(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4d)。
除用4-[1,3-双(4-(三氟甲基)苄基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3d)代替4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯以外,使用与实施例2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(3∶1)重结晶。收率是68.2%。Mp.176-178℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):14.98(br,s,1H),14.02(br,s,1H),8.99(s,1H),7.72(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),7.66(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.59(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.57(s,1H),7.51(d,2H,J=8.0Hz),5.26(s,2H),5.09(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):185.8,169.3,163.1,159.9,151.3,150.2,141.2,140.5,128.4(q,J=31.5Hz),128.3,128.2,127.9(q,J=31.7Hz),125.4(q,J=3.8Hz),125.2(q,J=3.8Hz),124.2(q,J=272.3Hz),124.1(q,J=271.8Hz),108.0,100.7,52.6,43.9.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C24H17F6N2O6 543.0991,实测值543.1003。
代表性实施例9
4-(1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3e)。
步骤1:5-乙酰基-1-苄基尿嘧啶(2e)的制备。
通过与实施例1步骤1所述的类似方法,但是使用1.1当量的苄基溴和1.0当量的碳酸钾在DMF中,合成标题化合物,收率是69.9%。Mp.196-197℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):11.69(br,s,1H),8.54(s,1H),7.30-7.36(m,5H),5.03(s,2H),2.44(s,3H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):193.5,161.6,151.5,150.3,136.2,128.7,127.9,127.7,111.8,51.1,30.3.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C13H13N2O3245.0926,实测值245.0932。
步骤2:4-(1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3e)的制备。
除用5-乙酰基-1-苄基尿嘧啶代替5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶以外,使用与实施例1,步骤2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用乙醇结晶,获得77.2%的收率。Mp.197-199℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):11.90(s,1H),8.82(s,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.31-7.37(m,5H),5.08(s,2H),3.82(s,3H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):185.9,167.8,162.2,161.0,152.7,149.8,135.9,128.7,127.9,127.7,107.9,100.9,53.0,51.5.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C16H15N2O6331.0930,实测值331.0928。
代表性实施例10
4-(1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4e)。
除用4-(1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3e)代替4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯以外,使用与实施例2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用四氢呋喃和氯仿(2∶3)的混合物结晶。收率是79.7%。Mp.195-197℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):15.10(br,s,1H),13.97(br,s,1H),11.87(s,1H),8.79(s,1H),7.54(s,1H),7.30-7.36(m,5H),5.08(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):186.0,169.2,163.2,161.0,152.5,149.9,136.0,128.7,127.9,127.7,108.2,100.8,51.5.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C15H13N2O6 317.0774,实测值317.0769。
代表性实施例11
4-[3-(4-氟苄基)-1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3f)
步骤1:3-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基-1-苄基尿嘧啶(2f)的制备。
通过将5-乙酰基-1-苄基尿嘧啶(2e)用2当量的4-氟苄基溴和2当量的碳酸钾在DMF中苄基化反应,合成标题化合物,收率是93.7%。Mp.106-108℃。1HNMR(CDCl3):8.23(s,1H),7.30-7.50(m,7H),7.00(m,2H),5.12(s,2H),5.01(s,2H),2.61(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):194.3,162.4(d,J=246.4Hz),160.7,151.0,148.4,134.4,132.1(d,J=3.4Hz),131.1(d,J=8.2Hz),129.2,128.9,128.2,115.3(d,J=21.6Hz),112.3,53.4,44.2,30.6.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C20H18FN2O3 353.1301,实测值353.1310。
步骤2:4-[3-(4-氟苄基)-1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3f)的制备。
除用3-(4-氟苄基)-5-乙酰基-1-苄基尿嘧啶代替5-乙酰基-1,3-二苄基尿嘧啶以外,使用与实施例1,步骤2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用乙醇结晶,获得30.5%的收率。Mp.165-167℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):15.04(br,s,1H),8.36(s,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.28-7.52(m,7H),7.01(t,2H,J=8.5Hz),5.15(s,2H),5.06(s,2H),3.93(s,3H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):185.4,169.2,162.5(d,J=246.8Hz),162.4,159.7,150.5,148.4,134.1,131.9(d,J=3.4Hz),131.2(d,J=8.2Hz),129.4,129.1,128.3,115.4(d,J=21.6Hz),109.1,101.5,53.7,53.1,44.3.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H20FN2O6 439.1305,实测值439.1294。
代表性实施例12
4-[3-(4-氟苄基)-1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(4f)。
用4-[3-(4-氟苄基)-1-苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯(3f)代替4-(1,3-二苄基-1,2,3,4-四氢-2,4-二氧代嘧啶-5-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸甲酯,使用与实施例2所述的类似方法,合成标题化合物。标题化合物用己烷和乙酸乙酯(2∶1)的混合物结晶。收率是64.0%。Mp.188-190℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):15.05(br,s,1H),14.01(br,s,1H),8.87(s,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.30-7.37(m,7H),7.12(m,2H),5.15(s,2H),4.99(s,2H)。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):185.7,169.2,163.1,161.4(d,J=243.0Hz),159.7,150.8,150.1,135.6,132.6(d,J=3.4Hz),129.9(d,J=8.2Hz),128.6,127.9,127.7,115.5(d,J=21.6Hz),107.7,100.7,52.7,43.5.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C22H18FN2O6 425.1149,实测值425.1156。
代表性实施例13
4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸(11)。
有关的方案是如下所示的方案3。
方案3
步骤1:9-苄基腺嘌呤(6)
在室温下,向腺嘌呤(5)(5.00g,37.0mmol)在干燥DMF(120mL)中的悬浮液中加入NaH(1.77g,44.4mmol)。反应混合物搅拌30min,将所得白色悬浮液于60℃温热再30min。加入苄基溴(7.59g,44.4mmol),混合物在60℃下搅拌24h。反应混合物的TLC表明形成了两种产物。在减压下蒸出DMF,所得残余物用水(20mL)处理。分离出白色固体,过滤,在真空中干燥。通过快速柱色谱分离和提纯,使用CHCl3∶MeOH(9∶1)洗脱。9-苄基腺嘌呤:产量5.5g。(66%);mp 231-232℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ5.38(s,2H,CH2),7.29-7.33(m,7H,Ar-H和NH2),8.17(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),8.28(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。7-苄基腺嘌呤:产量1.8g。(21%)。Mp 252-255℃.1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ5.53(s,2H,CH2),7.29-7.48(m,5H,Ar-H),7.81(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),8.0-8.1(br,2H,NH2),8.6(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。
步骤2:9-苄基-6-碘嘌呤(7)
在0-5℃(冰浴)下,向搅拌下的9-苄基腺嘌呤(6)(1.00g,4.4mmol)在无水乙睛(50mL)中的悬浮液中加入二碘甲烷(5.82g,21.7mmol),接着加入亚硝酸叔丁酯(2.24g,21.7mmol)。在保持冷却的同时,溶液用氮气鼓泡30min。除去冰浴,反应混合物在氮气氛中在60-65℃加热5h。蒸出乙腈和过量的试剂,获得的残余物再溶解在氯仿(100mL)中并用饱和亚硫酸钠水溶液(2×50mL)洗涤,接着用盐水溶液(2×50mL)洗涤。氯仿层用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到一种微红色的油,其用硅胶快速色谱法提纯,使用EtOAc/己烷(3∶7)洗脱。产量:0.519g。(34%)。Mp 152-153℃.1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ5.51(s,2H,CH2),7.31-7.36(m,5H,Ar-H),8.65(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),8.83(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):δ47.4,123.2,128.1,128.1,128.4,129.2,129.2,136.5,138.4,146.9,148.3,152.4。
步骤3:9-苄基-6-(α-乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(8)。
将9-苄基-6-碘嘌呤(7)(1.00g,2.8mmol)、双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)氯化物(0.208g,0.02mmol)和乙氧基乙烯基(三丁基)锡(2.07g,3.8mmol)在干燥DMF(4mL)中的混合物在N2中在100℃下加热6h。TLC表明反应已经完成。在减压下蒸出DMF,所得残余物再溶解在EtOAc(50mL)中,接着通过硅藻土填料(pad)过滤。蒸出溶剂(EtOAc),获得的残余物用快速色谱法提纯。产量0.393g,(47%)。Mp 114-115℃.1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.55(t,3H,CH3,J=7.5Hz),4.13(q,2H,CH2,J=13.7Hz),4.99(d,1H,CH,J=3Hz),5.48(s,2H,苄基的CH2),6.16(d,1H,CH,J=3Hz),7.30-7.38(m,5H,Ar-H),8.09(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),9.07(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ14.3,47.3,63.7,94.7,127.8,127.8,128.6,129.1,129.2,130.3,135.0,144.4,152.1,152.3,152.4,155.4。
步骤4:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(9)
在0℃下,向搅拌下的9-苄基-6-(α-乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(8)(0.20g,0.70mmol)和吡啶(0.688mL,0.72g,28.5mmol)在干燥氯仿(10mL)中的溶液中加入在干燥氯仿(5mL)中的氯氧代乙酸甲酯(methyl chlorooxoacetate)(1.048g,0.784mL,28.5mmol)。使反应混合物达到环境温度,搅拌3天,然后用水(2×10mL)洗涤并用无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸出溶剂,暗微红色浆状物用柱色谱提纯。产量110mg,(42%)。1H NMR(CDCl3):1.53(t,3H,CH3,J=6.5Hz),3.80(s,3H,CH3),4.36(q,2H,CH2,J=6.5Hz),5.49(s,2H,苄基的CH2),6.72(s,1H,烯烃的CH),7.36(m,5H,Ar-H),8.07(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),9.10(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。 13C NMR(CDCl3):δ14.1,31.0,47.5,52.9,67.0,99.6,128.0,128.0,128.8,129.3,129.3,131.3,134.7,145.5,152.0,152.6,162.4,167.4,和179.7。
步骤5:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-2-烯酸甲酯(10)。
在上面步骤中获得的4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(9)(100mg,0.20mmole)在CH2Cl2(20mL)中在室温下搅拌并用FeCl3.6H2O(0.125g,0.40mmole)处理。将反应混合物在40℃下搅拌5h。蒸出氯仿,所得残余物用1N HCl(50mL)处理1h,然后用EtOAc(4×20mL)萃取。萃取液用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸出EtOAc,得到一种呈褐色的残余物,其用离子交换色谱法提纯(二乙氨基交联葡聚糖凝胶阴离子交换树脂,CH3CN∶H2O(1∶1)洗脱液)。产量5.2mg。Mp 166-167℃.1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.99(s,3H,CH3),5.54(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.35-7.41(m,5H,芳香族的),7.9(s,1H,烯烃的CH),8.3(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),9.19(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ47.7,53.4,101.4,128.0,128.0,128.9,129.3,131.8,134.5,147.4,152.3,154.3,162.1,172.8,和185.7.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C17H15N4O4339.1093,实测值339.1083。
步骤6:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸(11)的合成
在0℃下,向搅拌下的4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(10)(17mg,0.05mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液中加入1N NaOH(0.5mL)的溶液,接着将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2h。反应混合物用乙醚(2×10mL)萃取,水层用稀HCl酸化并用乙酸乙酯(2×25mL)萃取。有机萃取液用盐水溶液洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。粗固体通过乙醚研制进行提纯,得到4mg产物。收率25%。Mp 152-153℃.1H NMR(CDCl3):δ5.27(s,2H,苄基的CH2),6.39(s,1H,烯烃的CH,),7.23-7.29(m,5H,Ar-H),8.78(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),8.84(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。EIMS(m/z):[M+1]计算值C16H13N4O4325,实测值325。
代表性实施例14
4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(17)。
有关的方案是如下所示的方案4。
方案4
4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代丁-2-烯酸(17)。
步骤1.如实施例13的步骤1中所述。
步骤2:9-苄基嘌呤(12)的合成
向搅拌下的9-苄基腺嘌呤(6)(22.0g,97.6mmol)在无水THF(500mL)中的悬浮液中加入亚硝酸叔丁酯(9.34g,478.5mmol),接着将反应混合物在氮气氛中在60-65℃加热4h。蒸出THF和过量的试剂,获得的残余物再溶解在氯仿(100mL)中并用盐水溶液(2×50mL)洗涤。氯仿层用无水硫酸钠干燥并蒸出,得到一种微红色的油,其用硅胶快速色谱法提纯,使用EtOAc/己烷(8∶2)洗脱。产量10.68g(42.3%)。Mp 99-100℃。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ5.49(s,2H,CH2),7.34-7.40(m,5H,Ar-H),8.10(s,1H,嘌呤C6-H),9.06(s,1H,嘌呤C8H),9.20(s,1H,嘌呤C2H)。
步骤3:9-苄基-8-溴-9H-嘌呤(13)
向搅拌下的12(10.68g,50.7mmol)在氯仿(500mL)中的溶液中加入N-溴琥珀酰胺(45.20g,253.9mmol),接着将反应混合物在氮气氛中和在回流温度下搅拌5h。将反应混合物转入到分液漏斗中,用饱和亚硫酸钠溶液(2×250mL)洗涤,接着用盐水溶液(2×250mL)洗涤。氯仿级分用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,所得微红色油用硅胶快速色谱法提纯,使用EtOAc/己烷(4∶6)洗脱。产量6.05g。(41.2%)。Mp 119-121℃;1H NMR(CDCl3):δ5.53(s,2H,CH2),7.35-7.39(m,5H,Ar-H),9.03(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),9.09(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。
步骤4:9-苄基-8-(α-乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(14)
将9-苄基-8-溴嘌呤13(1.0g,3.4mmol)、双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)氯化物(0.242g,0.30mmol)和乙氧基乙烯基(三丁基)锡(1.49g,4.14mmol)在干燥DMF(50mL)中的混合物在N2中在65℃下加热48h。在减压下蒸出DMF,所得残余物再溶解在EtOAc(50mL)中,接着通过硅藻土填料过滤。蒸出EtOAc,获得的残余物用快速色谱法提纯。产量0.579g,(59.7%)。1HNMR(CDCl3):δ1.33(t,3H,CH3,J=7.5Hz),3.99(q,2H,CH2,J=13.7Hz),4.66(d,1H,CH,J=3Hz),5.34(d,1H,CH,J=3Hz),5.48(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.30-7.38(m,5H,Ar-H),9.09(s,1H,嘌呤C8-H),9.2(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13CNMR(CDCl3):δ14.2,47.3,64.2,91.8,126.8,126.8,127.7,128.6,128.6,133.1,136.4,148.2,151.2,151.9,152.8,153.0。
步骤5:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(15)的合成。
在0℃下,向搅拌下的9-苄基-8-(α-乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(14)(0.579g,2.0mmol)和吡啶(2.08g,24.7mmol)在干燥氯仿(15mL)中的溶液中加入在干燥氯仿(10mL)中的氯氧代乙酸甲酯(3.03g,24.7mmol)。将反应混合物在冰箱中放置15h。然后,用水(2×20mL)洗涤,有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥。除去氯仿,得到一种暗微红色的浆状物,其用柱色谱提纯。产量0.538g(77%)。1H NMR(CDCl3):1.17(t,3H,CH3,J=6.5Hz),3.68(s,3H,CH3),3.93(q,2H,CH2,J=6.5Hz),5.35(s,2H,苄基的CH2),6.45(s,1H,烯烃的CH),7.12-7.22(m,5H,Ar-H),8.99(s,1H,嘌呤C6-H),9.08(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ13.7,46.8,53.2,67.2,102.2,127.8,128.3,128.7,130.9,133.0,135.2,149.1,149.4,152.1,153.5,162.1,180.3。
步骤6:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(16)。
在上面步骤中获得的4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(15)(210mg,0.50mmole)在CH2Cl2(60mL)中在室温下搅拌并用FeCl3.6H2O(0.262g,0.9mmole)处理。反应混合物在40℃搅拌6h,浓缩,获得的残余物用1N HCl(50mL)处理5min,接着用EtOAc(4×20mL)萃取。有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到一种浅黄色残余物,将该残余物用离子交换色谱法提纯。产量90mg。(46%)。Mp 137-138℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.98(s,3H,CH3),6.03(s,2H,苄基的CH2),,7.29-7.41(m,5H,芳香族的),7.68(s,1H,烯烃CH),9.21(s,1H,嘌呤C6-H),9.39(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ47.6,53.5,102.2,128.0,128.0,128.1,128.3,128.8,132.8,135.9,146.8,151.6,152.5,155.3,161.9,和186.2.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C17H15N4O4339.1093,实测值339.1099。
步骤7:4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸(17)的合成。
在0℃下,向搅拌下的4-(9-苄基-9H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(16)(0.020g,0.059mmol)在MeOH(3mL)中的溶液中加入1NNaOH(1mL)的溶液,接着将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌30min,然后在环境温度下搅拌30min。反应混合物用1N HCl中和,过滤析出的固体,干燥,接着用氯仿研制,得到黄色固体。产量:14mg(73%)。Mp 162-163℃.1HNMR(DMSO-d6):5.90(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.26-7.37(m,6H,Ar-H和烯烃的H),9.16(s,1H,嘌呤C6-H),9.49(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。NMR(CDCl3):δ47.6,101.5,124.7,126.6,127.5,127.5,127.5,128.8,128.9,128.9,137.1,137.5,153.0,155.2,163.9,192.9.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C16H13N4O4325.0936,实测值325.0924。
代表性实施例15
4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-羟基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸(24)。
有关的方案是如下所示的方案5。
方案5
步骤1.如实施例13的步骤1中所述。
步骤2:9-苄基-8-溴腺嘌呤(18)的合成。
向搅拌下的9-苄基嘌呤(6)(15.0g,66.5mmol)在氯仿(750mL)中的溶液中加入N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(59.26g,332.9mmol),接着将反应混合物在氮气氛中在回流温度下搅拌3h。然后,将反应混合物转入到分液漏斗中,用饱和亚硫酸钠水溶液(2×250mL)洗涤,接着用盐水溶液(2×250mL)洗涤。将氯仿级分用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到一种微红色的油,其用硅胶快速色谱法提纯,使用EtOAc/己烷(4∶6)洗脱。产量9.72g。(48%)。Mp 199-201℃1HNMR(CDCl3)δ5.39(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.29-7.33(m,5H,Ar-H),8.29(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。
步骤3:9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-溴嘌呤(19)
向搅拌下的9-苄基-8-溴腺嘌呤(18)(2.60g,8.5mmol)在DMF(100mL)中的悬浮液中加入亚硝酸叔丁酯(4.31g,41.8mmol),接着将反应混合物在氮气氛中在60-65℃加热3h。在减压下蒸出DMF和过量的试剂,获得的残余物用EtOAc(20mL)研制。过滤出分离得到的黄色固体,接着在真空中干燥。产量1.41g(54%)Mp 182-184℃.1H NMR(CDCl3)δ5.39(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.21-7.42(m,5H,Ar-H),8.19(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H),12.59(s,1H,NH)。
步骤4:1,9-二苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-溴嘌呤(20)。
向9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-溴嘌呤(19)(1.20g,3.8mmol)在干燥DMF(25mL)中的悬浮液中加入NaH(0.113g,4.6mmol),接着加入苄基溴(0.807g,4.6mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌15h。在减压下除去DMF,将获得的残余物溶于EtOAc(50mL)中,用盐水溶液(2×50mL)洗涤。有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到一种黄色浆状物,其用硅胶柱色谱提纯(EtOAc∶己烷,4∶6)。产量1.20g(80%)。Mp 161-162℃.1H NMR(CDCl3)δ5.27(s,2H,苄基的CH2),5.34(s,2H,苄基的CH),7.28-7.37(m,10H,Ar-H),8.02(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3)δ47.8,49.3,124.8,126.0,127.7,127.7,128.3,128.3,128.4,128.9,128.9,129.1,134.7,135.8,147.4,149.0,155.5,184.1.FAB-HRMS:[M+2H]计算值C19H17BrN4O 397.0487,实测值397.0497。
步骤5:1,9-二苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-(α-乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(21)的合成
将1,9-二苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-溴嘌呤(20)(1.20g,3.04mmol)、双(三苯基膦)合钯(II)氯化物(0.213g,0.3mmol)和乙氧基乙烯基-(三丁基)锡(2.19g,6.07mmol)在干燥DMF(50mL)中的混合物在N2中在70℃加热22h。蒸出DMF,所得残余物溶于EtOAc(100mL)中,接着通过硅藻土填料过滤。蒸出溶剂,残余物用快速色谱法提纯(EtOAc∶己烷,6∶4)。产量0.989g(88%)。Mp 167-168℃.1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.26(t,3H,CH3,J=7.5Hz),3.86(q,2H,CH2,J=7Hz),4.46(d,1H,CH,J=2.5Hz),5.26(s,2H,苄基的CH2),5.32(d,1H,CH2J=3Hz),5.60(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.10-7.37(m,10H,Ar-H),7.99(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3)δ14.1,47.8,49.1,63.8,90.2,123.5,126.6,126.6,127.5,127.5,128.2,128.7,128.7,128.9,129.1,129.1,136.2,136.7,146.2,146.9,148.9,151.9,和156.6.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H23N4O2387.1821,实测值387.1815。
步骤6:4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(22)。
在0℃下,向搅拌下的1,9-二苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-8-(乙氧基乙烯基)嘌呤(21)(0.620g,1.6mmol)和吡啶(1.61g,19.2mmol)在干燥氯仿(30mL)中的溶液中加入在干燥氯仿(10mL)中的氯氧代乙酸甲酯(1.77mL,19.2mmol),接着将反应混合物在冰箱中放置48h。反应混合物用水(2×100mL)洗涤,接着用无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸出氯仿,得到黄色浆状物,其用柱色谱分离(EtOAc∶己烷,4∶6)。产量0.584g(77%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.14(t,3H,CH3,J=6.5Hz),3.66(s,3H,CH3),3.87(q,2H,CH2,J=7Hz),5.19(s,2H,苄基的CH2),5.23(s,2H,苄基的CH2),6.25(s,1H,烯烃的CH),7.09-7.62(m,10H,Ar-H),7.98(s,1H,嘌呤,C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3)δ13.7,47.3,49.2,52.8,66.6,102.6,123.7,127.4,127.4,128.0,128.0,128.2,128.3,132.1,132.2,135.4,136.0,143.8,147.9,148.6,156.3,162.0,162.7,181.3.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C26H25N4O5473.1824,实测值473.1810。
步骤7:4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-羟基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(23)。
将在CH2Cl2(150mL)中的4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-乙氧基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(22)(0.584g,1.2mmole)用FeCl3.6H2O(0.567g,2.1mmole)处理,接着将反应混合物在40℃下搅拌3h。除去溶剂,所得残余物用1N HCl(50mL)处理5min,然后用EtOAc(4×20mL)萃取,接着用无水硫酸钠干燥。除去溶剂,得到一种浅黄色残余物,其用离子交换色谱法(CH3CN∶H2O,1∶1)提纯。产量0.502g。(91%)。Mp 178-179℃.1HNMR(CDCl3):3.84(s,3H,CH3),5.21(s,2H,苄基的CH2),5.77(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.19-7.30(m,10H,Ar-H),7.65(s,1H,烯烃的CH),8.07(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3):δ48.1,49.5,53.2,102.5,119.3,124.8,127.9,127.9,128.2,128.2,128.4,128.7,128.7,128.8,129.2,129.2,135.5,135.9,143.1,149.4,150.0,156.7,162.2,162.2,184.1,185.9.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C24H21N4O5 445.1511,实测值445.1520。
步骤8:4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-4-羟基-2-氧代-丁-3-烯酸(24)的合成。
在0℃下,向搅拌下的4-(1,9-苄基-6,9-二氢-6-氧代-1H-嘌呤-8-基)-2-乙氧基-4-氧代-丁-3-烯酸甲酯(23)(0.110g,0.24mmol)在MeOH(10mL)中的溶液中加入1N NaOH的溶液(2mL)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌30min,然后在室温下搅拌1h。接着用1N HCl中和,过滤出分离的固体,干燥,接着用乙醚研制,得到黄色固体。产量91mg(86%)。Mp 167℃(分解)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ5.27(s,2H,苄基的CH2),5.80(s,2H,苄基的CH2),7.25(s,1H,烯烃的CH),7.27-7.37(m,10H,Ar-H),8.77(s,1H,嘌呤C2-H)。13CNMR(CDCl3)δ47.9,49.4,101.4,123.9,127.6,127.6,128.2,128.2,128.7,128.9,129.1,137.2,137.2,150.4,151.6,156.5,163.9,176.0,179.5.FAB-HRMS:[M+H]+计算值C23H19N4O5 431.1355,实测值431.1373。
Claims (49)
1.结构式I的化合物(包括任何互变异构体、区域异构体、几何异构体或旋光异构体)及其药学上可接受的盐:
其中所述的核碱基支架独立地是尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤或嘌呤;
R1和R2每个独立地是H、C1-6烷基、C1-6氟烷基、未取代的或取代的C5-6环烷基、C1-6链烯基、未取代的或取代的苯基、未取代的或取代的苄基、C2-6烷基苯基其中苯基部分可以是任选取代的、未取代的或取代的杂芳基、被杂芳基取代的C1-6烷基其中杂芳基是任选取代的、C1-6烷基S(O)R或烷基(SO2)R其中R是烷基、苯基或取代苯基、C1-6烷基CO2Ra其中Ra是C1-6烷基或H、C1-6烷基CORa’其中Ra’是C1-6烷基;
R3选自H、C1-6烷基、卤素、羟基、未取代的或取代的苄基或未取代的或取代的苯硫基;
R4是CO2Rc或P(O)(ORc)(ORc),其中每个Rc独立地是H和C1-6烷基。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其具有下面的结构:
其中R1和R2每个独立地是苄基或在芳环上具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,其中所述的取代基选自卤素、羟基、甲氧基、甲基、乙基、丙基、CF3或-CH2Rb基团,其中Rb是5-或6-元杂芳基;
R3是H、C1-6烷基、卤素、苄基、取代苄基、苯硫基或在苯环上具有1-3个取代基的取代苯硫基,所述的取代基选自卤素、羟基、甲氧基、甲基、乙基、丙基、CF3;
其中R4是CO2R其中R选自H和C1-6烷基,
及其药学上可接受的盐。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其具有下面的结构:
其中R1和R2每个独立地是苄基或在芳环上具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,
其中所述的取代基选自卤素、羟基、甲基、甲氧基、乙基、丙基、CF3或其中R1和R2每个独立地是-CH2Rb,其中Rb是5-或6-元杂芳环;
R3选自H、C1-6烷基、卤素、苄基、取代苄基、苯硫基或在苯环上具有1-3个取代基的取代苯硫基,所述的取代基选自卤素、羟基、甲氧基、甲基、乙基、丙基、CF3;和
R4是CO2R,其中R是H和C1-6烷基,
及其药学上可接受的盐。
18.权利要求1的化合物,其具有下面的结构:
其中R1、R2和R3每个独立地是苄基或在芳环上具有1-3个取代基的取代苄基,所述的取代基选自卤素、羟基、甲氧基、甲基、乙基、丙基、CF3或其中R1、R2和R3每个独立地是-CH2Rb,其中Rb是5-或6-元杂芳环;
其中R4是CO2R其中R选自H和C1-6烷基,
及其药学上可接受的盐。
30.用于治疗HIV感染的药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物和药学上可接受的载体、添加剂或赋形剂。
31.权利要求30的药物组合物,其中所述的组合物通过在人宿主中抑制HIV整合酶治疗所述的HIV感染。
32.权利要求30的药物组合物,还与治疗有效量的至少一种化合物组合,所述的化合物选自i)另外的抗-HIV药剂,ii)除抗-HIV药剂以外的抗感染药剂和iii)免疫调节剂。
33.权利要求32的组合物,其中所述的抗感染药剂是抗病毒剂,选自蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂或其组合。
34.权利要求33的组合物,其中所述的逆转录酶抑制剂是核苷化合物。
35.权利要求33的组合物,其中所述的逆转录酶抑制剂是非核苷化合物。
36.权利要求30-35中任一项的组合物,其是口服剂型或肠胃外剂型。
37.权利要求30-35中任一项的组合物,其以吸入喷雾剂或直肠栓剂的给药形式进行配制。
38.通过将权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物与药学上可接受的载体、添加剂或赋形剂混合制备的药物组合物。
39.一种在患者中治疗HIV感染的方法,所述的方法包括给予所述的患者有效量的权利要求30的组合物。
40.一种在患者中治疗HIV感染的方法,所述的方法包括给予所述的患者有效量的权利要求30-38中任一项的组合物。
41.一种在处于所述感染风险中的患者中减少HIV感染可能性的方法,所述的方法包括给予所述的患者有效量的权利要求30-38中任一项的组合物。
42.一种治疗AIDS或ARC患者的方法,包括给予所述的患者治疗有效量的权利要求30-38中任一项的组合物。
43.一种在患者中抑制HIV整合酶的方法,所述的方法包括给予所述的患者治疗有效量的权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物。
44.权利要求43的方法,其中所述的患者是人。
45.权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗患者HIV的药物中的用途。
46.权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物在制备用于减少将接触HIV感染的患者患HIV感染可能性的药物中的用途。
47.权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗AIDS或ARC患者的药物中的用途。
48.权利要求1-29中任一项的化合物在制备用于在患者中抑制HIV整合酶的药物中的用途。
49.权利要求48的用途,其中所述的患者是人患者。
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