CN101144651A - Ceramic solar board heat collector manufacture and mounting method - Google Patents
Ceramic solar board heat collector manufacture and mounting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101144651A CN101144651A CNA200610068789XA CN200610068789A CN101144651A CN 101144651 A CN101144651 A CN 101144651A CN A200610068789X A CNA200610068789X A CN A200610068789XA CN 200610068789 A CN200610068789 A CN 200610068789A CN 101144651 A CN101144651 A CN 101144651A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technology field of adopting the new material and structure of a ceramic, etc. The former solar energy collector mainly comprises a low temperature type sunlight absorption coating, a structure layer and a heat insulating layer, which are coated on a copper aluminum compound tube plate type solar energy collector, and a transparent cover plate, or consists of vacuum glass tubes. The cost is high, the service life is short, and because the coating gets older, the average efficiency is not high. The ceramic solar energy collector consists of a ceramic sun board, a heat insulating layer and a transparent cover plate, the structure is simple, the installation is convenient, the production cost of the ceramic sun board is low, the ceramic solar energy collector does not age and can be collided, a black porcelain sunlight absorption layer is formed by burning above 1000 DEG C, the sunlight absorption rate does not attenuate nearly, a sun board heat collecting box which is manufactured according to the manufacture and the installation method of the ceramic sun board collector is securer and more reliable to the assembly and disassembly and the transportation of the ceramic sun board, the modularized and rapid installation can be realized, when being assembled, a solar energy roof can share the heat insulating layer, a structure layer and a waterproof layer with the building, the structure is simplified, the manufacture cost is decreased, and the work load of maintenance and repair is reduced. The ceramic solar energy roof constructed not only has all functions of the ordinary roof, but also can absorb the solar energy to be used to provide the summer air conditioning, the winter warm air, the living hot water, and when the area is enough big, the ceramic solar energy roof also can be used to generate electricity under a low temperature.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to structure, material and the manufacture method of solar thermal collector, be structure, material and the manufacture method of ceramic solar board heat collector, ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box specifically, the present invention also relates to packing, transportation, connection, installation, use and the method for maintaining of ceramic solar plate, relate to the associated methods of ceramic solar energy collector and roof material and structure.
(2) background technology
The solar energy utilization mainly is divided into solar photovoltaic utilization, solar thermal utilization mode, solar thermal utilization mainly is a solar water heater at present, solar water heater is divided into closing-sunning type and circulating, circulating efficient is higher, its heat collection body mainly adopts board-like heat collection body of metal tube and vacuum glass tubular type heat collection body, and the board-like heat collection body of metal tube is also referred to as flat heat collection body.Both all have the following disadvantages: 1. the board-like heat collection body of metal tube mainly adopts materials such as copper, aluminium, glass tube with vacuum heat collection body structure and manufacturing process relative complex, and the price of calculating both with every square metre of endotherm area is all than higher.2. both all adopt the black sunlight absorbing coating that low temperature applies, and the aging sunlight absorption rate that makes that has under long-term effect of sunlight to a certain degree decays, and is one of reason that causes efficient and life problems.3. be combined as a whole with building owing to reasons such as material, structure and cost are difficult.
The homogeneous ceramic solar panel be meant with tailings in vanadium extraction and (or) other trade waste, natural minerals that are rich in transition elements mix the integral black of manufacturing afterwards or the ceramic hollow solar heat-collection plate of grey black look with the conventional ceramic raw material, composite ceramic solar panel is meant with the conventional ceramic to be matrix, with tailings in vanadium extraction and (or) other trade waste, natural minerals that are rich in transition elements mix the black of manufacturing afterwards or the mutually compound ceramic hollow solar energy heating body of ceramic blankets of grey black look with the conventional ceramic raw material.Composite ceramic solar panel, homogeneous ceramic solar panel can be referred to as ceramic solar plate.
Usually solar water heater is made up of support, solar thermal collector, storage tank, pipeline, or form by support, glass tube with vacuum, storage tank, pipeline, described heat collector generally is made up of shell, heat preserving and insulating material, metallic solar energy heat collection body, transparent cover plate with black surface.
Produce black ceramic in the past and must add Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe grade in an imperial examination phase transition elements all around, price is very expensive, it is the method that one of raw material is produced various black ceramic goods with the tailings in vanadium extraction that the Chinese invention patent CN85102464 that the inventor declares and obtains " production method and the goods thereof of black ceramic goods raw material ", CN86104984 " a kind of pottery powder " have narrated, and this black ceramic is called vanadium-titanium black ceramic.This invention is that nine external state invention patent certificates are declared and obtained to title with " ceramic powders and goods thereof " (Ceramrc powder and drticles) again, is respectively United States Patent (USP) 4737477, Japan Patent 1736801, English, method, moral, austrian patent (EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE) 0201179, Australian Patent 578815, Singapore's patent 1009/91, Finnish patent 81336.The eighties, the inventor declared patents such as " black ceramic solar tile ", " black ceramic parapet-type solar thermal collector ", " black ceramic solar energy roof ", and the beginning of this century, the inventor declared patents such as " ceramic solar plate ", " manufacture method of composite ceramics hollow solar heat-collection plate ", " structure and material on a kind of new type solar energy roof ".
Vanadium titano-magnetite obtains vanadium-bearing hot metal through melting, and vanadium-bearing hot metal obtains vanadium slag through blowing, and vanadium slag adds auxiliary material and carries out roasting, and roasting material is carried out the wet extraction vanadium extraction, and the remaining residue as discarded object is tailings in vanadium extraction behind the extraction vanadium.
China's year output tailings in vanadium extraction is about 300,000 tons at present, and the main place of production is Sichuan, Hebei, Liaoning etc., and representative enterprise is Panzhihua Iron, second chemical plant, Chengde, Jinzhou vanadium industry company etc.Tailings in vanadium extraction is rich in Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Ti grade in an imperial examination phase element complex compound all around, account for about 80% of gross weight, it is a kind of very special trade waste, wherein the extraction of any composition and utilization all can not show a candle to the economy of corresponding natural minerals, and their aggregate is a kind of very stable ceramic black colorant, the manufacturing that the artificial for a long time Co for preparing is ceramic black colorant must be through strict prescription, meticulous, complicated processing just can obtain the ceramic black colorant that is colour-stable, about 200,000 yuan of common prices per ton.Tailings in vanadium extraction is not only stable ceramic black colorant, and itself also is good basalt raw material, and hundred-percent tailings in vanadium extraction just can produce that physicochemical property is good, the exsertile vanadium-titanium black ceramic goods of photo-thermal transformational.
Vanadium-titanium black ceramic was invented in 1984, on April 1st, 1985 began to declare patent, 1986 by technical appraisement, vanadium-titanium black ceramic can be made hollow solar heat-collection plate, far-infrared radiation element, the art work, decorative panel for building etc., wherein the current production rate maximum is the vanadium-titanium black ceramic decorative panel for building, the at present main place of production is Guangdong, Shanghai, and representative enterprise is the great ceramics factory in east, Foshan City, the grand basic special cermacis in Shanghai company etc.China's ceramic building decorative panel (brick) output occupies first place in the world, annual production accounts for world wide production about 50%, because the vanadium-titanium black ceramic decorative panel uses a large amount of tailings in vanadium extraction, takies a large amount of stockyards in the past, the present price of tailings in vanadium extraction that becomes vanadium extraction factory heavy burden has reached 160-300 unit/T.Therefore whole nation tailings in vanadium extraction output factory obtains year tens million of units of net income, and vanadium-titanium black ceramic is decorated the several hundred million units of hair plates annual sales amount, 1 to 3 times of polishing back increment.Early 1990s is with up to ten thousand square metres of 300 * 300 millimeters vanadium-titanium black ceramic hollow solar panels of gypsum mould grouting forming method trial-production, manufacturing and use vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar water heater are more than hundreds of, directly be built in nearly thousand square metres of vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar water heaters on the roof, adopt brick, cement housing, magnesia housing, water vat storage tank and the special ceramic storage tank of making, purpose is progressively to develop into vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar energy roof.0.09 square metre of 300 * 300 millimeters vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel veneer area, water capacity 0.9kg, water temperature can reach 100 ℃ during the vexed solarization of single-glass veneer, the vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar water heater obtains the first prize in Shandong Province solar water heater the whole province comparation and assessment in 1986, water quality before and after the heating of vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar water heater is not found visible variation after testing, using solar panel more than 10 years not have fades, corrosion, the aging sign that waits, but gypsum mould grouting moulding vanadium-titanium black ceramic hollow solar panel method, shaping efficiency is low, moulding large scale solar panel yield rate is low, small size plate joint is too much, install loaded down with trivial details, be difficult to develop into the large-scale industrial production method, be difficult to realize the large-scale promotion use.The large scale solar panel with the trial-production of vacuum extrusion molding of inventor's recent development, shaping efficiency exceeds tens of times than gypsum mould grouting method, and scalable several times to tens times of board dimension can develop forming large-scale production and application.
The most important characteristic of vanadium-titanium black ceramic is the photo-thermal transfer characteristic, vanadium-titanium black ceramic is typical energy and material, inventor's more practical large scale vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel of research and development and be that superficial layer is the vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic solar panel of matrix with the conventional ceramic with the vanadium-titanium black ceramic with all strength is used for vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar energy roof for this reason.Whole nation tailings in vanadium extraction quantum of output can be produced about 1,500 ten thousand square metres of practical large scale vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel per year, can be and make its annual production of vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic solar panel above 1,000,000,000 square metres, the photo-thermal transfer process betides body surface, and both performances can accomplish there is no significant difference.
About 600 yuan of the price of present one ton of solid hair plates of common porcelain, about 700 yuan of the solid hair plates of vanadium-titanium black ceramic, about 3000 yuan of cast iron, 4500 yuan of steel, 24000 yuan of aluminiums, 70000 yuan of copper materials, compare its proportion with iron and steel and differ 3 times, promptly the porcelain plate volume bought of identical currency is an iron and steel more than 10 times, and the porcelain corrosion resistance life-span can be longer more than 10 times than iron and steel, can think that ceramic material is more corrosion-resistant than any metal, every square metre of vanadium-titanium black ceramic or composite ceramic solar panel weight can be less than 40kg.Ceramic material is cheap to be because that big, widely distributed, the haul distance of raw material reserves is short, processing temperature can be lower than 1200 ℃, processing technology is simple, it is that these factors are difficult to change because the raw material reserves are few, effective content is low, haul distance is far away, about 1600 ℃ or need electrolysis for production, processing technology complexity of processing temperature that metal material costs an arm and a leg.So conventional ceramic, vanadium-titanium black ceramic or be that the surface is that matrix is fit to make the solar energy heating body and is used for the solar energy roof with the general ceramic material with the vanadium-titanium black ceramic, both are more suitable for making the solar energy heating body and are used for the solar energy roof after outstanding.
Vanadium-titanium black ceramic can a large amount of energy that absorb in the sunlight during by solar radiation, and sunlight absorption rate can reach 0.9, and through test, in latitude 37 degree areas, summer, fine 1 square metre of vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel can be heated to 10kg water 100 ℃.Vanadium-titanium black ceramic is good optical-thermal conversion material, is novel energy and material.Vanadium-titanium black ceramic black is pure, physicochemical property is good, at present be used to produce the decorative panel for building of solid surface grinding in a large number, low production cost, about 12 millimeters of vanadium-titanium black ceramic decorative panel thickness, 20～30 yuan every square metre of the hair plates prices of not polishing, its sales volume has reached several hundred million units, the vanadium-titanium black ceramic decorative panel utilizes just that vanadium-titanium black ceramic black is pure, decorative effect is sedate, serious this characteristic, and the photo-thermal transfer characteristic that itself has does not obtain sufficient development and utilization as yet.Vanadium-titanium black ceramic intensity height, rupture strength 45～100mpa, almost double than common Imitation Rock Porcelain Tiles, cheap for manufacturing cost, not burn into do not wear out, do not fade, nontoxic, harmless, "dead", fire through thousands of degree temperature and to form, through accelerated ageing, do not find the sunlight absorption rate attenuation problem, can have almost permanent service life, be fit to very much make the solar energy heating body, easily combine with building, be used for the solar energy roof, its intensity is about ten times on common tile, service time can with the building the same life-span.
40,000,000,000 square metres of China's existing building areas, about 10,000,000,000 square metres of roof area, 2,000,000,000 square metres of annual new buildings, about 500,000,000 square metres of roof, the energy for building enormous amount, be mainly used in summer air-conditioning, warming and life hot water, fossil energy is in short supply, making full use of regenerative resource is general trend, want to utilize on a large scale solar energy, must at first make from the nearest roof of the mankind and possess the function that absorbs solar energy economically, the inevitable main power consumption items that at first is used for human in room and workplace of the solar energy that the roof absorbs: air-conditioning, heating, hot water, next is culinary art, household electrical appliances, illumination, existing solar energy roof and solar energy housing can have been accomplished by 50～80% of the solar energy supply room energy, even accomplish whole power self-supports, yet these experimental solar energy roofs and solar energy housing are based upon on the prior art basis, the quantity of the conventional energy resource that construction and life period are spent surpasses the solar energy that obtains its same period sometimes, vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar energy roof can change this situation, depends primarily on 2 points: 1. propose and realize low cost, large-scale production vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel is the method for vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic solar panel especially; 2. propose and realize can be on common house low-cost build and operation, with the scheme of building with the vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar energy roof in life-span.
In recent years Kai Fa absorption type air-conditioner can be produced the cold wind that temperature is lower than 25 ℃ greater than the power conversion of 65 ℃ hot water with temperature, be used for summer air-conditioning, winter sunlight can with more than the air heat to 30 in the solar heat-collection plate ℃ as the Central Heating Providing heating buildings.Solar energy is unsettled; the thin energy; about about 1 kilowatt of every square metre of power upper limit; the Chinese city resident is about 15 square metres of roof area per family; about 100 square metres of rural area; still developing rapidly at present; utilize solar energy to realize summer air-conditioning; warming; must provide cheap; longevity; efficient; the easy solar energy heating body that combines with building; the vanadium-titanium black ceramic solar panel can be realized this goal; but vanadium-titanium black ceramic is primary raw material with the tailings in vanadium extraction; and the demand and the output of vanadium are all little at present, cause the tailings in vanadium extraction quantum of output that certain limit is arranged, and are superficial layer so develop with the vanadium-titanium black ceramic; be the composite ceramics hollow solar heat-collection plate of matrix with conventional pottery; so that tailings in vanadium extraction is used more effectively, be very important.China produces about 4,000,000,000 square metres of ceramic wall and floor bricks per year, wherein projected area is greater than about 1,000,000,000 square metres of 0.2 square metre Imitation Rock Porcelain Tiles, therefore produce per year more than several hundred million square metres, the surface is a vanadium-titanium black ceramic, matrix may be accomplished for ceramic usually composite ceramics hollow solar heat-collection plate, also is to need very much with necessary.Geothermal power generation in recent years can be adopted 70 ℃ of left and right sides hot water by adopting 90 ℃ of hot water to develop into, and cost of electricity-generating can be lower than the conventional electric power cost, and the low-temperature electricity-generating technology reaches its maturity, with relative low cost.Mass-produced ceramic solar plate also can be used for low-temperature electricity-generating.Geothermal power generation generally needs to underground hundreds of rice, goes up the xeothermic rock stratum injection of km depths or extract hot water, usually hot water has certain corrosivity, need take anti-corrosion measure, ceramic solar plate can provide purer hot water, may realize lower cost of electricity-generating.Vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramics hollow solar heat-collection plate is also referred to as the vanadium-titanium black ceramic composite ceramic solar panel, is called for short composite ceramic solar panel.Composite ceramic solar panel, homogeneous ceramic solar panel can be referred to as ceramic solar plate.
Usually the function on roof is windproof, rain, Exposure to Sunlight, insulation, shape is broadly divided into " people " font, plane, Yimianpu type, the roof building is on supporting part, supporting part generally is body of wall, concrete component or house beam (room frame) and purlin, and roof itself is made of structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, watertight composition usually.
Structure sheaf on China general urban architecture roof is precast slab or cast-in-place concrete, heat-insulation layer is light heat insulation materials such as expanded perlite, vermiculite power or slag, watertight composition is various malthoids, for the globality that keeps heat-insulation layer be convenient to construct and also have one deck cement between common heat-insulation layer and the watertight composition.
General rural area or township construction roof material have diversity, structure sheaf adopts thin large-size glass fibre cement watt, wood lath, wicker, reed etc., heat-insulation layer often adopts the mixture of sawdust and clay, lime etc., watertight composition is used clay shingle more, is also constantly developing to the urbanization direction with economic development rural area, township construction roof material.
Solar energy heat utilization device mainly is flat plate solar water heater and glass tube with vacuum water heater at present, flat plate solar water heater is mainly by support bracket, heat collector and water tank constitute, heat collector is by structure sheaf or be called the heat collector shell, insulation material, the flat heat collecting body, transparent cover plate is formed, the flat heat collecting body is generally by the metal manufacturing, compare with normal-temperature water, hot water below 100 ℃ has stronger corrosivity to metal, be the corrosion-resistant general copper aluminium compound slab heat collection body that adopts that increases the service life, with thicker copper pipe is transverse tube, thinner copper pipe is the passage that the vertical tube welding forms water, about 10 centimeters at interval of vertical tubes, it is one that aluminium sheet occupies spacer area or entire area and copper pipe compound through methods such as extruding, surface coverage selectivity or non-selective solar energy absorbing paint, section from heat collector, heat collector is by structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, heat collection body, watertight composition is formed, wherein watertight composition is a transparent cover plate, generally be glass or transparent plastic, play waterproof simultaneously, see through sunlight, form the effect that sealing constitutes greenhouse effects.Selective coating and non-selective coating all can degenerate with age, and progressively reduce sunlight absorption rate.
The glass tube with vacuum water heater mainly is made up of support bracket, glass tube with vacuum heat collection body and water tank, the glass tube with vacuum heat collection body is that one thick one thin two coaxial glass blind pipes combine, an opening, a sealing, it between the thickness pipe vacuum, interior tube-surface covers slective solar energy absorbing coating, and water heats in interior pipe, to the water tank delivering hot water.
Solar energy is renewable, inexhaustible, not environmentally hazardous green energy resource, is again unstable, thin, the low-density energy.The roof be the easiest by solar radiation, nearest from the mankind, area is maximum, minimum, the easiest collection of comprehensive utilization ratio at present, the place that utilizes sunlight and space.
Comprising that solar water heater, solar energy roof, solar energy housing are in order to utilize solar energy to save conventional energy resource thereby make, build solar energy equipment, is for energy-conservation.Should to be (seat) solar energy equipment deduct the poor of whole energy that manufacturing, construction, this (seat) of maintenance, repair device consumed at the obtained whole energy of life period to its criterion, this difference can be called the Q value, Q is that positive value specifies is energy-conservation, negative value consumes energy, and loses more than gain.Obtained energy ratio is easier to calculate, the energy that the energy that is consumed should comprise manufactured materials, become energy that other parts consume and manufacturing, maintenance personal and related personnel to live and consumed every day materials processing, as smelt 1 ton of steel and consume conventional energy and amount to about 700 liters of oil, the coal gas that practitioner family expends, electric power energy etc., these energy resource consumptions are difficult to calculate.A kind of fairly simple way is to carry out and adopt the contrast of the related device of conventional energy resource with amount of money, because amount of money has reflected the consumption of the energy to a great extent, it also is the whether economic accounting foundation of social recognition, only be used to provide bath hot water as a solar water heater, 3000 yuan of purchase prices, scrap after average 10 years, maintenance cost is amounted to expensive 500 yuan in 10 years, 3000 yuan 10 annual interests are made as 1000 yuan, then total expenditure is 4500 yuan, use a gas water heater, as also only being used to provide bath hot water, 300 yuan of purchase prices are scrapped after average 10 years, purchase commodity in 10 years, maintenance cost, gas charge and interest add up to a unit, and then reduced value is (a-4500) unit.Therefore all should to make reduced value be on the occasion of just having long-term existence value and development prospect to any (seat) solar energy equipment.
Usually 50 years supreme century-old service life of building requirements, general watertight composition service life is 3～20 years, modern architecture watertight composition maintenance intervals can reach more than 15 years, and the every construction cost per square meter in roof that comprises structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, watertight composition at present is roughly between hundred yuan of the dozens of yuan to two.
Although the solar energy roof should be at first adopted in the solar energy utilization, but the solar energy roof is very rare at present, and majority is that metallic solar energy heat collector or vacuum glass solar thermal collector are directly installed on the roof of having built, is not the solar energy roof of real meaning.At present generally use on the solar energy roof, we think basic reason be its Q value be difficult to realize big numerical value on the occasion of, have in addition be negative value, concrete reason is analyzed as follows:
1. price height---the board-like and every square metre of price of vacuum glass heat collection body of metal tube is hundreds of units, only the heat collection body price be exactly common roof cost youngster doubly even tens times.
2. the life-span is short---and metal and glass tube with vacuum heat collection body generally adopt low-temperature solar energy coating, sunlight absorption rate decays easily, the board-like copper pipe soldering opening of metal tube is many, soldering opening corrodes easily, coating performance decay and weld bond corrosion caused the average life span of metallic solar energy heat collector about about 10 years, outside the glass tube with vacuum removing coating is aging, also there is vacuum life, glass tube gas leakage, factors such as fragmentation, China water source mostly is hard water, Ca, the Mg ion is many, be easy to generate scale, problems such as glass blind pipe are stopped up in the scale flocculent deposit, and a variety of causes causes the vacuum glass tube heat collector average life span also about 10 years.Generally also need in time through repeatedly keeping in repair and part exchanging 10 years left and right sides, average life span is meant the separate unit solar water heater of 1～2 square metre of daylighting area about 10 years, be used for the roof as large tracts of land and mean that then needs often repair the roof, this is difficult to accept for 50 years service life to the building more than 100 years.
3. average efficiency is not high---and 1. the low temperature coating began to wear out in several years, and sunlight absorption rate progressively descends, and whole life period average efficiency is not high; 2. copper material costliness, tube pitch be from greatly, and aluminium sheet absorbs lateral transport behind the solar energy and gives medium in the copper pipe, average heat transfer distance 30 millimeter.Because structural limitations, the space is big between the glass tube with vacuum pipe, and the black absorption layer only accounts for structural area about 50%, and noon, sunlight was strong, but a large amount of sunlight pass the space between pipe during noon sunlight direct projection, have influenced collecting efficiency.
4. difficulty combines with building---and the roof is by structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, watertight composition constitutes, solar thermal collector is by structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, the thermal-arrest layer, watertight composition (hyaline layer) constitutes, so-called solar energy roof certainly will require both are organically combined, shared as far as possible both functional layer, just can play not only keep the function on original roof but also can obtain therefrom that solar energy is used for building various with can needs, and reduction construction cost, as previously mentioned, because above-mentioned two kinds of heat collection bodies have various deficiencies, its reliability further descends when forming the large tracts of land use, be difficult to design a kind of rational solar house roof construction, following result can occur even design also: 1. the roof cost improves several times to tens times; 2. the roof dependability descends, cause the Q value on this solar energy roof be difficult to become bigger on the occasion of.Therefore, on the basis of existing metallic solar energy heat collection body, vacuum glass tube solar heat-collecting body, be difficult to the solar energy roof that construction can generally be accepted by the user, use in a large number.The basis on ceramic solar roof is ceramic solar plate and ceramic solar energy collector, is reduced at the installation procedure on the roof, with the assembling of ceramic solar energy collector, install and realize that batch production, modularization are crucial.
(3) summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: the ceramic solar plate manufacturing cost is lower, intensity is high, good rigidly, physicochemical property stable, aging, the black surface of burn into does not fade, can have very long service life, but ceramic solar plate has certain fragility, the same with common porcelain, it is broken easily to be subjected to stronger impact, must seek a kind of suitable packing, transportation, installation, maintenance mode.Usually the roof is made up of structure sheaf, heat-insulation layer, watertight composition, ceramic solar board heat collector is made up of structure sheaf (shell), heat-insulation layer, ceramic solar plate, watertight composition (transparent cover plate), be economical with materials, simplified structure, both should have a kind of effectively shared and associated methods.The roof construction is work high above the ground, loaded down with trivial details, long in time limit, the relative terrestrial operation of the working procedure of heat-insulation layer and watertight composition, constructional difficulties.The objective of the invention is to make the production of ceramic solar board heat collector to realize batch production, modularization, heat preserving and insulating material and ceramic solar plate are combined as a whole, simultaneously as packing, vibration-absorptive material, transportation, installation and maintenance have been made things convenient for, make heat collector and roof sharing structure layer, heat-insulation layer, watertight composition, simplified roof structure and working procedure, made things convenient for operation, made the construction on roof more convenient to operate, quick, efficient.The ceramic solar roof of being built not only has all functions on common roof, and can absorb solar energy be used to provide summer air-conditioning, winter heating installation, life hot water, when area enough also can be used for low-temperature electricity-generating greatly the time.
The present invention is achieved in that
The homogeneous ceramic solar panel be meant with tailings in vanadium extraction and (or) other are rich in the trade waste of transition elements, natural minerals mixes the integral black of back manufacturing or the ceramic solar energy heat-collection plate of grey black look with the conventional ceramic raw material, composite ceramic solar panel is meant with the conventional ceramic to be matrix, with tailings in vanadium extraction and (or) other trade waste, natural minerals that are rich in transition elements mix the black of manufacturing afterwards or the mutually compound ceramic hollow solar energy heating body of ceramic blankets of grey black look with the conventional ceramic raw material.Composite ceramic solar panel, homogeneous ceramic solar panel can be referred to as ceramic solar plate.
Usually solar water heater is made up of support, solar thermal collector, storage tank, pipeline, or form by support, glass tube with vacuum, storage tank, pipeline, described heat collector generally is made up of shell, heat preserving and insulating material, metallic solar energy heat collection body, transparent cover plate with black surface.
Ceramic solar plate is divided into ceramic solar plate and composite ceramic solar panel homogeneity or that claim homogeneous, the homogeneous ceramic solar panel is the ceramic hollow sheeting of integral black or grey black look, to be the surface be the ceramic hollow sheeting matrix high temperature sintering of the ceramic layer of black or grey black look and the ceramic raw material manufacturing usually composite ceramics hollow sheeting that is one to composite ceramic solar panel, the both forms with high-temperature firing behind sealing-in termination, two ends, the interface behind the plasticity extrustion process manufacturing porous hollow sheeting, and each parallel hole communicates with inlet and outlet connectors in the two ends.
The present invention is with cast, mold pressing, spraying, bonding, methods such as mechanical bond will have certain intensity, bottom that is combined in ceramic solar plate that the heat preserving and insulating material of thickness is firm and side all around, the heat preserving and insulating material of side is higher than the heat collector surface of ceramic solar plate, operating space when in the heat preserving and insulating material of ceramic solar plate two ends interface, giving the position of staying tube connector and fixture between two plates and being connected, form ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box, cover transparent cover plate at thermal-arrest box top and promptly become ceramic solar board heat collector, or ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest pod interface docking port is connected on the neat roof that is emitted on building with tube connector, transparent cover plate is installed on ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is formed ceramic solar board heat collector, keep at a certain distance away or around Ω (Europe rice coffee) profile plate or various section bar are installed, constituted the ceramic solar roof.Place the favourable demoulding of plastic sheeting between solar panel extinction face and the mould, protection extinction face in the moulding avoids polluting the extinction face when transportation and installation, take plastic sheeting off before covering transparent cover plate.
Described heat preserving and insulating material is meant organic micropore shape heat preserving and insulating material such as hard polyurethane fat, phenolic aldehyde, urea aldehyde, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, foamed plastics such as polystyrene, inorganic micropore shape heat preserving and insulating material such as microporous calcium silicate, the micropore calcium aluminate, diatomite, inorganic foamed Binder Materials etc., the mixture of fibrous thermal insulation heat-barrier material and bond is fibrous thermal insulation heat-barrier material such as rock wool wherein, mineral wool, mineral wool, the aluminium silicate fiber cotton, the inorganic artificial fiber, organic fiber etc., the mixture of shot shape heat preserving and insulating material and bond is shot shape heat preserving and insulating material such as expanded perlite wherein, expanded vermiculite, haydite, litaflex etc., stratiform heat-barrier material such as stratiform hollow structure heat-barrier material, sandwich heat-barrier material etc.
Described transparent cover plate is meant glass plate, transparent plastic sheet etc.
Described tube connector is meant ageing-resistant, corrosion resistant soft plastic tube, silicone rubber tube, rubber plastic pipe etc., the copper pipe of hard, stainless steel tube, earthenware, plastic tube etc., fixing and the sealing of soft pipe can be adopted stainless steel pipe collar, copper clip, jump ring, shrink belt etc., and the fixing and sealing of stereoplasm tube can be adopted organic and inorganic adhesive, Binder Materials etc.
Described Ω (Europe rice coffee) profile plate is meant the profile plate of the Ω shape that galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet are processed into; base width N is 60～200mm; the high M of rib is 80～250mm; the wide L of rib is 1～30mm; the both wings on its base are fixed on the roof; ceramic solar board heat collector is played protection and goes along with sb. to guard him effect, can be used as operator's the strong point when installing and keeping in repair.
Concerning above-mentioned ceramic solar roof, between ceramic solar board heat collector and roof, can lay one deck watertight composition in advance, as galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet, its thickness is 0.3～1.5mm, its effect be when glass plate fragmentation or ceramic solar plate because of accidental cause when broken, the watertight composition that this layer galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet can be used as top of building also plays the effect of collector structure layer simultaneously.
Concerning above-mentioned ceramic solar roof, between ceramic solar board heat collector and roof or galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet, can lay one deck heat preserving and insulating material in advance, ceramic solar board heat collector is installed on this layer heat preserving and insulating material, make ceramic solar board heat collector and building get better heat insulating effect, described heat preserving and insulating material is one or more in the heat preserving and insulating material mentioned above.When ceramic solar board heat collector lower floor heat insulating effect was relatively good, above-mentioned measure was unnecessary.
Described ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box or ceramic solar board heat collector are plant-manufactured, its production can realize batch production and install and realize modularization, being combined in ceramic solar plate bottom and heat preserving and insulating material all around also is the packaging material that dispatch from the factory of ceramic solar plate, and make loading and unloading, transportation, the installation of ceramic solar plate more safe and reliable, make the maintenance of installing quick more, simple, convenient with from now on.
At present China produces about 4,000,000,000 square metres of building ceramic plate, brick per year, and not the polishing of large-scale production, not glazing, size 600～800mm are square, and the solid ceramic hair plates production cost of firing can reach 15～25 yuan/square metre.
Compare with raw material, the production technology of ceramic solar plate with the solid ceramic hair plates, when both industrial production maturity and production scales when being close, the production cost of ceramic solar plate may be solid ceramic hair plates production cost 2-4 doubly.Ceramic solar plate can be produced by lower production cost, because ceramic characteristics, ceramic solar plate can have quite long service life, the heat preserving and insulating material range of choice of making ceramic solar board heat collector is extensive, can manufacturing cost cheap relatively ceramic solar board heat collector and build the ceramic solar roof with lower cost, the ceramic solar roof can absorb solar energy be used to provide summer air-conditioning, winter heating installation, life hot water, when area enough also can be used for low-temperature electricity-generating greatly the time.Another may purposes be to set up the solar low-temperature generating field in desert, desert, area, deserted mountain for ceramic solar energy collector.
(4) description of drawings
Describe characteristics of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 represents the shape and the structure of homogeneous ceramic solar panel.
Fig. 2 represents the shape and the structure of composite ceramic solar panel.
Fig. 3 represents composite ceramic solar panel, plastic sheeting and core are put into the external mold mould, make heat preserving and insulating material be combined in the bottom of ceramic solar plate and all around with the method for foamed solidification in the mould, take away core after the depanning, then in heat preserving and insulating material, give the connection space of part and operation in addition of having stayed interface, thereby make the thermal-arrest box of ceramic solar board heat collector with such method, the method is suitable for adopting the heat preserving and insulating material of various foamed plastics and aerogenesis, foaming kind.
As shown in the figure, only the loam cake with mould removes, in mould, inject the mixture of various heat preserving and insulating materials and binding agent, curing agent, or in mould the spray foamed plastics, solidifying the back is that benchmark is wipeed off, the demoulding with the suitable for reading of groove, can obtain ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box, the method can be used for multiple heat preserving and insulating material.
Fig. 4 represents material, shape and the structure of ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box.
Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 profile, position and shape that expression ceramic solar plate interface gives spacing.
Fig. 6 represents part and the method in addition that ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is connected with soft pipe.
The shape of used core and structure when Fig. 7 represents the ceramic solar board heat collector moulding, Ф 1 is slightly larger than the external diameter of pipe collar external diameter or hard tube connector, and φ 2 is slightly larger than ceramic solar plate interface external diameter.
Fig. 8 represents the mixture of composite ceramic solar panel, plastic sheeting, core, granular or fibrous thermal insulation heat-barrier material and binding agent, curing agent is put into as shown in the figure position separately, to upper and lower die head pressurization, curing and demolding in normal temperature or uniform temperature promptly obtains ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box.
Fig. 9 represents part, material and the method in addition that ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is connected with stereoplasm tube.
Figure 10 is 2 schematic diagrames that ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is connected.
Figure 11 is many schematic diagrames that ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is connected.
Figure 12 is the enlarged diagram that is connected with soft pipe.
Figure 13 is the schematic top plan view with the ceramic solar roof of ceramic solar board heat collector composition; support operation personnel's backing plate when 19 expressions are installed and keeped in repair; backing plate is supported by the color steel profile plate of Ω; the omega-shaped board top is higher than ceramic solar board heat collector, the rubber lining is arranged to increase frictional force and the coating of the color steel profile plate of protection Ω or the top layer of galvanized sheet below the backing plate.
Figure 14 is the side sectional view on ceramic solar roof, the position relation between expression glass plate, ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box, the watertight composition.Figure 15 represents the shape and size of omega-shaped board cross section, and base width N is 60～200mm, and the high M of rib is 80～250mm, and the wide L of rib is 1～30 mm.
Manner of packing when Figure 16 represents that ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box dispatches from the factory.
Among the figure:
1---homogeneous ceramic solar panel 2---composite ceramic solar panel 3---black or grey black look ceramic layer (sunlight absorbing layer)
4---ceramic solar plate interface 5---heat preserving and insulating material 6---mould 7---core 8---plastic sheetings
9---ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box 10---interface connection space 11---soft tube connector 12---pipe collar 13---seal, sealing materials
14---hard tube connector 15---omega-shaped board 16---manifold trunk 17 on the fluid---manifold trunks under the fluid
18---color steel or other watertight compositions 19---backing plate 20---glass plate or other transparent panels 21---straps
(5) specific embodiments
Embodiment
1. plastic sheeting is fitted on the black porcelain extinction face of composite ceramic solar panel, core is enclosed within the external mold mould of putting into sealing on the interface of composite ceramic solar panel, as shown in Figure 3, the liquid charging stock of rigid polyurethane foam plastics is mixed in the back injection mould, foamed solidification makes polyurethane foam plastic be combined in the bottom of composite ceramic solar panel and all around, open the combination that mould takes out polyurethane foam plastic and composite ceramic solar panel, the polyurethane foam plastic outer surface has one deck smooth, hard not foaming layer, combination is a composite ceramic solar panel thermal-arrest box, and the loam cake transparent cover plate promptly becomes the composite ceramic solar panel heat collector.
2. example 1 described mould is removed upper mould cover, core is enclosed within on the interface of homogeneous ceramic solar panel and puts into mould, expansion pearl rock powder and resin cement stirred be the moving state of semi-fluid and inject mould, insert and to smash material and make it be filled to each position of mould, curing and demolding, resin cement perlite material are combined in the bottom of ceramic solar plate and form ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box all around.
3. core is enclosed within the mould of putting on the interface of ceramic solar plate as shown in Figure 8, phenolic resins and rock wool are evenly distributed to be laid in the cavity of mould, make resin solidification to the pressurization of die head up and down of mould and to mold heated, the demoulding promptly obtains ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box.
4. described as embodiment 1 is long 1000 millimeters of the composite ceramic solar panel thermal-arrest box of heat preserving and insulating material with the rigid polyurethane foam plastics, wide 500 millimeters, high 100 millimeters, wherein solar panel bottom polyurethane thickness is 50 millimeters, 20 millimeters of sidewall thickness, 30 millimeters of solar panel gross thickness, 5 millimeters of pottery wall thickness, has plastic sheeting on the solar panel extinction face, the thermal-arrest box packed with method shown in Figure 16 be transported to the construction site, inclination angle, building roof is 30 °, towards equatorial direction, laying depth is 0.5 millimeter a color steel flat board on the roof xoncrete structure, with thermal-arrest box proper alignment on the roof, be connected with the stainless steel pipe collar with silicone rubber tube between the thermal-arrest pod interface up and down, the thermal-arrest box is installed down the omega-shaped board of fluid manifold trunk and color steel manufacturing up and down, laterally lay an omega-shaped board longitudinally every about 2000 millimeters, the omega-shaped board bottom surface is connected with the color steel flat board in thread tapping screw and roof, omega-shaped board bottom width N is 100 millimeters, the high M of rib is 120 millimeters, the wide L of rib is 10 millimeters, the thickness of slab of omega-shaped board is 0.8 millimeter, paste long 1060 millimeters on the sun box, wide 1000 millimeters, thick 4 millimeters glass plate, take the plastic sheeting on the solar panel heat-absorbent surface before this off, adopt overlapping mode between the glass plate, as shown in figure 14, glass plate is bonding with silica gel and sun box, this moment, operating personnel can backing plate be that the strong point is operated, the thermal-arrest box becomes heat collector behind the packaged glass plate, by heat collector, the fluid collection pipe, omega-shaped board has constituted the ceramic solar roof.
Claims (9)
1. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector and installation method, it is characterized in that with cast, mold pressing, spraying, bonding, the mechanical bond method is combined in the bottom of ceramic solar plate and side all around with heat preserving and insulating material, operating space when in the heat preserving and insulating material of ceramic solar plate two ends interface, giving the position of staying tube connector and fixture between two plates and being connected, form ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box, cover transparent cover plate at thermal-arrest box top and promptly become ceramic solar board heat collector, ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest pod interface docking port is connected with tube connector is emitted on the roof of building, transparent cover plate is installed on ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box is formed ceramic solar board heat collector, keep at a certain distance away or around omega-shaped board or various section bar are installed, constitute the ceramic solar roof.
2. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector according to claim 1 and installation method, it is characterized in that described heat preserving and insulating material is meant organic micropore shape heat preserving and insulating material hard polyurethane fat, phenolic aldehyde, urea aldehyde, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene foam plastics, inorganic micropore shape heat preserving and insulating material microporous calcium silicate, the micropore calcium aluminate, diatomite, inorganic foamed Binder Materials, the mixture of fibrous thermal insulation heat-barrier material and bond wherein fibrous thermal insulation heat-barrier material is a rock wool, mineral wool, mineral wool, the aluminium silicate fiber cotton, the inorganic artificial fiber, organic fiber, the mixture of shot shape heat preserving and insulating material and bond wherein shot shape heat preserving and insulating material is an expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, haydite, litaflex, stratiform heat-barrier material are stratiform hollow structure heat-barrier materials, the sandwich heat-barrier material.
3. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector according to claim 1 and installation method, it is characterized in that described tube connector is meant ageing-resistant, corrosion resistant soft plastic tube, silicone rubber tube, rubber plastic pipe, the copper pipe of hard, stainless steel tube, earthenware, plastic tube, stainless steel pipe collar, copper clip, jump ring, shrink belt are adopted in the fixing and sealing of soft pipe, and organic and inorganic adhesive, Binder Materials are adopted in the fixing and sealing of stereoplasm tube.
4. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector according to claim 1 and installation method, it is characterized in that described omega-shaped board is meant the profile plate of the Ω shape that galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet are processed into, its cross section as shown in figure 15, base width N is 60～200mm, the high M of rib is 80～250mm, the wide L of rib is 1～30mm, and the both wings on its base are fixed on the roof.
5. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector according to claim 1 and installation method is characterized in that describedly being combined in the ceramic solar plate bottom and heat preserving and insulating material all around also is the packaging material that dispatch from the factory of ceramic solar plate.
6. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector and installation method are placed plastic sheeting when it is characterized in that making ceramic solar plate thermal-arrest box between ceramic solar plate extinction face and mould.
7. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector and installation method is characterized in that described ceramic solar roof, lay galvanized steel plain sheet or color coated steel sheet between ceramic solar board heat collector and roof in advance, and its thickness is 0.3～1.5mm.
8. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector and installation method, it is characterized in that described ceramic solar roof, between ceramic solar board heat collector and roof, lay one deck heat preserving and insulating material in advance, ceramic solar board heat collector is installed on this layer heat preserving and insulating material, and described heat preserving and insulating material is one or more in the heat preserving and insulating material mentioned above.
9. the manufacturing of ceramic solar board heat collector and installation method is characterized in that described ceramic solar board heat collector absorbs solar energy and is used for air-conditioning, heating installation, hot water, sets up the solar low-temperature generating field in large tracts of land roof, desert, desert, deserted mountain.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200610068789A CN101144651B (en) | 2006-09-12 | 2006-09-12 | Ceramic solar board heat collector manufacture and mounting method |
| JP2009511323A JP4991849B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-22 | Manufacturing method and applied products of large size hollow ceramic plate |
| PCT/CN2007/001653 WO2007137506A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-22 | A method for making ceramic large-size hollow plate and products thereof |
| AU2007266395A AU2007266395B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-22 | A method for making ceramic large-size hollow plate and products thereof |
| US12/302,489 US20090229598A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-22 | method for making large-sized hollow ceramic plate |
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| CN200610068789A CN101144651B (en) | 2006-09-12 | 2006-09-12 | Ceramic solar board heat collector manufacture and mounting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101915458A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2010-12-15 | 浙江节尔煤田技改有限公司 | Sunshine roof hot water supply system |
| CN106016781A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 太仓市顺邦防腐设备有限公司 | Flat-plate type solar energy absorber |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0068470B1 (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1986-05-07 | Carl, Heinz, Ing.grad. | Roof made of prefabricated concrete panels |
| JPH0833054B2 (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1996-03-29 | 株式会社平井技研 | Roofing equipment |
| DE4230948C1 (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1993-11-25 | Colt Int Holdings | Exposure device |
| CN1558162A (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2004-12-29 | 张雪祥 | Building unit type solar energy hot-water heater double function vacuum tube heat collection module |
| CN101100891A (en) * | 2006-07-03 | 2008-01-09 | 潘戈 | Solar energy utilization system integrated with building roof structure |
| CN1975283B (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2010-05-19 | 王宝根 | Solar energy heat collecting curtain wall module |
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2006
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101915458A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2010-12-15 | 浙江节尔煤田技改有限公司 | Sunshine roof hot water supply system |
| CN101915458B (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2013-05-01 | 杭州节尔能源科技有限公司 | Sunshine roof hot water supply system |
| CN106016781A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 太仓市顺邦防腐设备有限公司 | Flat-plate type solar energy absorber |
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| CN101144651B (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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Effective date of registration: 20160302 Address after: 250014 Shandong Province, Lixia District, Ji'nan City Hospital Road, No. 19 Patentee after: Xu Jianhua Address before: 250014 Shandong Province, Lixia District, Ji'nan City Hospital Road, No. 19 Patentee before: Cao Shuliang |