CN101135238B - 井下放泻阀及其使用方法 - Google Patents

井下放泻阀及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN101135238B
CN101135238B CN200710007752.0A CN200710007752A CN101135238B CN 101135238 B CN101135238 B CN 101135238B CN 200710007752 A CN200710007752 A CN 200710007752A CN 101135238 B CN101135238 B CN 101135238B
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M·A·伯里斯
小D·R·希布勒
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/063—Valve or closure with destructible element, e.g. frangible disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/14—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member
    • F16K17/16—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs
    • F16K17/162—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side with fracturing member with fracturing diaphragm ; Rupture discs of the non reverse-buckling-type

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Abstract

一种改进的放泻阀装置(22)，用来作为一长管状的多节井下管线(18)的一部分。该装置(22)包括一具有末端螺纹的管段(24)和一保险片配件(26)；该配件包括一金属制的、最好是新月状的保险片(50)，该保险片的一表面具有脆弱的预制线(52、54)。该管段(24)互连于一对下部管段(20a、20b)之间。操作时若要将管线(18)从井中取出，先对管线(18)中的流体充分加压以使保险片(50)破裂，而使管线(18)中的流体排出。然而再将管线(18)以及井中其它构件可从井中移出，就不会因管线(18)的溢出物而造成污染。

Description

井下放泻阀及其使用方法
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/US 99/08100，国际申请日为1999年4月14日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为99806086.0，名称为“井下放泻阀”的发明专利申请的分案申请。 
技术领域
本发明广泛涉及一可靠的放泻阀装置，该放泻阀作为井下管线的组成部分用于油井之类的场合，为了可选择地在升到地面之前从管线中将泵出流体排出，由此消除由管线排出流体所造成的环境污染或使之最小化。更具体的，本发明涉及一放泻阀装置，较佳使用一金属制的、具脆性的、新月状保险片，该保险片设计为在一定内部液压力下可以可靠地破裂。 
现有技术的描述 
普通油井或天然气井包括一环状、密封的长水泥套管。该套管由地面伸向可恢复的油源。一长管状的多节管置于套管内并再罩住和/或与人工提升系统相连。 
为维护设备需要不时地将人工提升系统或其构件取出。这包括提升管线与/或吸管装置，并将这些部分一段段拆下。然而实际情况是管线通常被泵出的流体所填满，通常会发生在拆卸过程中流体直接排放在地面上的现象；这会造成环境污染，因此是不允许的。 
众所周知，过去的放泻阀装置与井下管线相连，该井下管线可远距离驱动以先于抽取过程或与之同时进行管线排水。例如，专利号为4,286,662的美国专利描述了一安装在短管段接头处的侧壁中的管道排流口，该接头处具有一由安全销定位的排放活塞。一类似装置已由埃伯塔雷德迪尔的奎因油田供应公司(Quinn’s Oilfield Supply Ltd.)以“500系列管道排流口”牌号的商品出售了。 
发明概要 
本发明提供一改良的放泻阀装置，该装置可连接于作为井下管线一部分的井下的一对长管段之间，该放泻阀装置可有选择性地将管线中的流体排出。本发明的装置相对较便宜，且通过将管线中的泵液柱加压至适当的压力(如 2000磅/平方英尺)的简单手法便能可靠地将流体从管线中排出。 
广泛地说本发明的放泻阀装置用来端对端地连接一对管线段，该装置包括一长的、在侧壁内具有相反末端的环形管段连接体，该末端具有用于一对管段连接的结构，同时侧壁具有相对的内表面和外表面并构成有一贯穿的孔口。一配件置于侧壁孔口内，该配件包括一金属制的、具脆性的、形状可维持的保险片，其定向通常能阻隔通过侧壁孔口的流体。该保险片具有至少一条脆弱线用来使保险片在管线中的流体增压作用下能够可靠地破裂以排出流体。较佳地，保险片呈新月状并以其凹面靠近连接体侧壁的内表面而定向；脆弱线可通过磨削或其它烧蚀作用成形，但较佳的是通过刻痕成形。 
配件一般是具有内表面和外表面的环状金属壳体的形式，并适于容纳在侧壁孔口中，其中保险片固定安装于壳体(较佳为永久焊接)。侧壁孔口和壳体的外表面有互补的螺纹以将壳体以焊合方式连接于侧壁。因此在每次使用放泻阀装置后，调换配件是一件容易的事情。壳体通常还具有在其保险片破裂时保持保险片的结构，尽管在较佳形式中，该保险片具有一脆弱线以消除其破裂时保险片碎裂的可能性或将其最小化。 
本发明的较佳保险片为在其凸面上具有一对横贯交叉的刻痕线。保险片一般具有一从约0.003至0.090英寸的厚度，较佳的是约0.010至0.040英寸。刻痕线深度大约为0.001至0.060英寸。保险片由可承受多种井下状况的金属制成，例如不锈钢、镍和因钢(Inconel)。 
附图简述 
图1是一部分垂直管段断开的示意图以表示普通的井下构件，该构件包括一外套管、一长管状的多节管线、在管线中的一吸杆部件，以及互连于管线的下方管段之间的本发明放泻阀装置； 
图2是一断开的井下管线放大图，该管线中有本发明的放泻阀装置； 
图3是沿图2中线3-3的垂直截面图，该图详细地示出了该放泻阀装置的结构，图中所示为其保险片处于阻塞流体的状态；以及 
图4是类似于的图3的垂直截面图，但它表示的保险片处于破裂状态。 
较佳实施例的详细描述 
参阅附图，尤其是图1，图中示出了一油井10。该油井在井孔中包括一环状水泥套管12，该套管从地面14伸至石油产品下部的可回收油源16。一多节的、端对端连接的长管状管线18置于套管12中且包括可相互以螺纹连 接的各个管段20。 
如图所示，一放泻阀装置22连接在一对下部管段20a和20b之间。装置22包括一环状长管段24，该段24支承着一保险片配件26。 
参阅图3和图4，可注意到管段20a的下端具有外管螺纹28，而互补段20b的上端具有内管螺纹30，如公知的那样，这些管段20a、20b可通过管段20b的上端和管段20a的下端的螺纹相连接。除此之外，装置22连接于这些管段之间，为了达到该目的，侧壁24的上端32具有内管螺纹34以与螺纹28配合，同样侧壁24的下端36具有外管螺纹38以与管段20b的螺纹30配合。由此可以看出装置22在两管段之间形成一管状互连。 
侧壁24还具有一有螺纹的、水平贯穿的孔口40，该孔口位于上端部32和下端部36中间。孔口40设计成可接纳金属配件26。该配件26具有一带外螺纹44的环状壳体42，该外螺纹44与孔口的螺纹40配合。壳体42的外端设有六角形孔口46而呈现平面部分以插入一转动扳手，壳体42的内环状面的形状可容纳并支承金属保险片50的环状边缘48。如图所示，保险片50总体呈新月状并定向为其凹面靠近侧壁24内表面。通常边缘48永久焊接于壳体42的内环形面。参阅图2，可以看出保险片50的凸面具有一对交叉刻痕线52和54，这对刻痕线基本延伸于整个凸面。 
在一较佳实施例的中，壳体42由#304不锈钢制成，而保险片由因钢制成，因钢是一已知的镍合金，并且厚度大约为0.010英寸。刻痕线深度大约为0.005英寸。 
可以理解，当正常使用装置22时，保险片50保持完整的非破裂状态，决不会有损管线20或其它井下构件的正常操作。然而，当需要将管线从井中套管中抽出时，仅需将管线20中的流体柱施压至一预定程度以使保险片50破裂。在所述较佳实施例中，大约2000磅/平方英寸的压力便足以使保险片破裂，其作用方向如图4所示，从中可以看出保险片沿刻痕线52、54破裂以形成四片沿圆周方向张开的“花瓣”。可以看到即使一片或多片花瓣从保险片上脱落，壳体42的构造可仍可保持这些“花瓣”。 
由此可见，本发明提供一具有明显改进性的、可靠的井下放泻阀装置，与现有放泻阀相比，该装置具有较好的操作特性。

Claims (5)

1.一可由操作者有选择地控制的井下放泻阀，用于有选择将液体泵出正在生产油的油井管线，其中连接到所述管线上的一管段连接体具有大致圆柱形侧壁，所述侧壁具有相对的内表面和外表面，所述放泻阀包括：
一压力驱动的外螺纹配件，所述配件可螺合到所述连接体的螺纹孔口中以在所述连接体的内表面和外表面之间延伸而在所述配件和所述侧壁之间构成一螺纹对螺纹、互补的配合，所述配件具有一其中有一中间液体输出通道的圆柱形壁结构，所述壁结构具有一圆形内边缘部，所述内边缘部构成邻近所述连接体内表面的所述中间液体输出通道的泵送液体入口；
所述配件包括一金属制的、脆性的、形状可保持的保险片，所述保险片具有一永久且不变地固定到所述壁结构的内环边缘上的外环边缘，所述壁结构构成所述配件的所述中间液体输出通道；
所述保险片向所述通道内凸出而呈现相对的凹面和凸面，其凹面直接朝向由其内表面构成的连接体内部，一对相交的脆弱线横贯所述保险片延伸并且构成四个圆周向隔开的裂片部分；
所述保险片能承受当管线插在井套中并且沿其长度延伸时管线中通常所容纳的泵送液体压力，从而防止在正常生产操作状态下泵送的液体流过井套中的通道；
所述保险片沿着所述脆弱线所发生的裂开是仅当一预定的保险片激活压力施加到所述管线中的泵送液体上而伴随所述保险片的裂片部分开口而发生的，以通过保险片上的开口以及随后通过所述配件的输出通道、在所述管线从所述油井中撤出之前，从管线中排出所述泵送液体。
2.如权利要求1所述的井下放泻阀，其特征在于，所述保险片的厚度在0.003至0.090英寸之间，脆弱线的深度在0.001至0.060英寸之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的井下放泻阀，其特征在于，所述壁结构包括当所述保险片裂开时将保险片裂片保持在所述中间液体输出通道中的结构。
4.如权利要求1所述的井下放泻阀，其特征在于，所述壁结构在远离所述保险片的那侧并与所述通道同轴地具有一六角形工具放置孔，用以容纳一可插入和/或拆卸的工具。
5.一种使用如权利要求1所述井下放泻阀的方法，包括以下步骤：在所述保险片裂开之后从油井中拉出所述管线，这样当逐段拆开管线时，不会出现管线中的泵送液体流到油井周围地面上的现象。
CN200710007752.0A 1998-05-14 1999-04-14 井下放泻阀及其使用方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101135238B (zh)

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US20030192701A1 (en) 2003-10-16
CN1300340A (zh) 2001-06-20
US20040216867A1 (en) 2004-11-04
CN101135238A (zh) 2008-03-05
US20010022225A1 (en) 2001-09-20
EP1086293A4 (en) 2004-11-24
US6591915B2 (en) 2003-07-15
BR9910447A (pt) 2001-01-02
WO1999058814A1 (en) 1999-11-18
EP1086293A1 (en) 2001-03-28
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US6752212B2 (en) 2004-06-22
AR018355A1 (es) 2001-11-14

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