CN101133245A - 用于高架物的支撑 - Google Patents

用于高架物的支撑 Download PDF

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CN101133245A
CN101133245A CNA2006800064261A CN200680006426A CN101133245A CN 101133245 A CN101133245 A CN 101133245A CN A2006800064261 A CNA2006800064261 A CN A2006800064261A CN 200680006426 A CN200680006426 A CN 200680006426A CN 101133245 A CN101133245 A CN 101133245A
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support
supporting post
post
supporting
elevated mass
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CN101133245B (zh
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佩·布尔·豪格斯奥恩
古纳·佛奥斯
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Owec Tower AS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0004—Nodal points
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H2012/006—Structures with truss-like sections combined with tubular-like sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/30—Arrangement of components
    • F05B2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
    • F05B2250/311—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being in line
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/06—Supports for natural fluid current motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于高架物(6，8)的支撑(4)，包括至少三个延伸的、相互无桁架的支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14”’)，其中，支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14”’)的纵向轴靠近高架物(6，8)的重心(20)。

Description

用于高架物的支撑
技术领域
本发明涉及高架物(elevated mass)的结构支撑。更具体地，涉及一种包括至少三个延伸的支撑柱的支撑，其中支撑柱的纵向轴靠近高架物的重心。具体地，支撑适用于海上风车(offshore windmill)等露天装置。
背景技术
下面将参考海上风车来说明本发明，本发明旨在研究这种将承受力和变形的结构。利用风车作为参考不应当对本发明的保护范围和程度有任何限制。
作为风车工作的结果，风车的上部支撑结构必须具有细长设计，以便避免与风车翼碰撞。根据海上风车，这种细长结构通常由管构成，并公知地连接到地基中。
当风车放置在海上时，经常在相对深的水中，从风车基部突出到风车的机器壳体的一根管始终是不利的。
因此，公知的海上风车的支撑塔结构通常包括管状上部和下部，其可以是桁架结构。
风、水流或波浪影响支撑，造成高架物相对大的水平移动量，这里高架物由风车的转动体和机器表示。
除了弯曲期间的移动量外，这种相对大的移动量的原因在于旋转被传给桁架结构的上部，该桁架结构从风车基部突出到支撑的较细长部分。旋转的方向与气候力绕风车基部所产生的力矩方向一致。
该旋转被传递到管状柱，然后管状柱的上部在气候施加的力的方向上进一步移动。
显然，重达几百吨的高架物的相对大的移动量会在支撑上造成复杂的疲劳和振动模式。
发明内容
本发明的目的是补救或减少现有技术的至少一个缺点。
通过说明书和所附权利要求的特征，本发明的目的被实现。
根据本发明构造的用于高架物的支撑包括至少三个延伸的、相互无桁架的支撑柱。支撑柱在高架物的方向上从支撑的基部突出。支撑柱的纵向轴靠近高架物的重心。
靠近高架物重心的支撑柱的纵向轴将允许作用在高架物上的水平力在支撑柱中以纯压力和纯张力的形式被传递到结构支撑的基部上。
支撑柱中力的模式有利于出现的剪力的显著减小，因此，没有必要使用对角支撑来加固支撑柱。
有利地，支撑的上部是细长柱结构，该细长柱结构通过过渡部分刚性地连接到支撑柱的上部。
在这些中，细长柱结构允许支撑适用于风车，该风车的高架物由转子和风车的其它机器形成。
过渡部分例如可为本身所公知类型的支撑连接(stay connection)。
当沿支撑的高度遭受风、水流或波浪引起的横向力时，由于力绕支撑的基部施加力矩，过渡部分在力的方向上进行轻微弹性移动。
同时，与位于相反侧的支撑柱的上部相比，由于与力的方向倾斜的支撑柱倾斜位置，变形会造成位于朝向风、水流或波浪一侧的支撑柱的上部在高度上进一步向下移动。位于相反侧的支撑柱斜靠着力的方向，那么支撑柱就呈现轻微的S形形式。
因此，在与绕支撑基部的力矩的相反方向上旋转被传给过渡部分。
因此，当支撑在横向力作用下沿它的纵向范围变形时，由于支撑柱的长度和相互弯曲，旋转被传给过渡部分，由于细长柱结构的长度，该旋转使高架物移动的水平距离大致等于支撑的其它变形使高架物移动的水平距离，但是它们的方向相反。
支撑的其它变形是本领域技术人员所公知的，因此没有更详细说明。然而，我们可增加通常如上所述具有弯曲成S形的支撑柱来调节的绕水平面内的轴的扭矩力，同时，绕竖直平面内的轴的扭矩力通过绕细长柱结构的相应支撑柱的扭转来调节。
因此，当使用本发明的结构支撑时，高架物的水平移动不显著。作用在支撑柱的纵向轴之间的交叉点处的力经支撑柱主要以轴向张力的形式被传递。因此这些力引起的移动量相对小。如上所说明，横向地作用在支撑的剩余高度上的力将使高架物在力的相反方向上移动，以便补偿其它变形造成的移动量。
本发明的结构同样可适用于海岸风车(shore-based windmills)。
附图说明
下面，根据附图说明本发明的较佳实施例，附图如下：
图1显示支撑的下部由支撑柱构成的风车；
图2显示根据本发明的示意图；
图3显示与图2相同，但是，在风力作用下支撑已经变形；和
图4显示设置有现有技术的支撑的风车。
具体实施方式
在附图中，参考标记1表示风车，风车包括基部(foundation)2、结构支撑4、机器6和风轮机8。机器6和风轮机8形成高架物。基部2可包括本身所公知类型的桩或吸附锚(未图示)。
风车1安装在海床10上，支撑4的一部分位于海面12之下。
支撑4包括四个细长支撑柱14，14’，14”，14，该四个细长支撑柱从基部2突出至过渡部分16。管式的细长柱结构18从过渡部分16上升到机器6。
请见图2，支撑柱14-14的纵向轴靠近或位于机器6和风轮机8的重心20。在重心20处作用在支撑4上的箭头22所表示的外部横向力被传递到基部2，在支撑柱14-14上主要是张力和压力的形式。
图2和图3仅显示支撑柱14和支撑柱14”。
过渡部分16由本身所公知类型的支撑连接(stay connection)构成，非常刚性地安装在支撑柱14-14和细长柱结构18之间。
过渡部分16在支撑柱14-14之间延伸，由于支撑柱14-14的方向朝向重心20，因此支撑柱14-14在过渡部分16隔离开。
当支撑4受到风、水流或波浪引起的图3中箭头24所表示的横向力的作用时，由于围绕基部2出现的弯矩，过渡部分16在箭头24的方向上稍微移动。
同时，与支撑柱14”的上部28相比，由于支撑柱14与力的方向倾斜的倾斜位置，该运动会造成位于朝向风、水流或波浪一侧的支撑柱14的上部26在高度上进一步向下移动。支撑柱14”位于支撑4的相反侧，并斜靠着力的方向。
因此绕水平轴线的旋转被传给过渡部分16，旋转的方向与绕支撑4的基部2的力矩的方向相反。
因此，当支撑4在横向力作用下沿纵向范围变形时，由于支撑柱14-14的长度和它们相互的弯曲，旋转被传给过渡部分16，由于细长柱结构18的长度，该旋转使高架物6，8移动的水平距离大致等于支撑4的其它变形使高架物6，8移动的水平距离，但是它们的方向相反。结果，当到过渡部分16的距离增加时，沿细长柱结构18的整个移动量减小。
图3的竖直线30表示变形前的支撑的中心。
支撑柱14-14到基部2和过渡部分16的刚性安装造成在横向变形期间支撑柱14-14呈现如图3所示的轻微S形。支撑柱14-14也可经铰接链连接到基部2和过渡部分16(未图示)。
图4显示现有技术的结构支撑，支撑的下部由桁架结构34构成。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于高架物(6，8)的支撑(4)，包括至少三个延伸的、相互无桁架的支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14)，其特征在于，支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14)的纵向轴靠近高架物(6，8)的重心(20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的支撑(4)，其特征在于，支撑(4)的上部由细长柱结构(18)构成，该细长柱结构(18)通过过渡部分(16)刚性地连接到支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14)的上部(26，28)。
3.如权利要求2所述的支撑(4)，其特征在于，当支撑(4)横向变形时，由于支撑柱(14，14’，14”，14)的长度和相互弯曲，旋转被传给过渡部分(16)并因而传给细长柱结构(18)，由于细长柱结构(18)的长度，该旋转使高架物(6，8)移动的水平距离大致等于支撑(4)的其它变形使高架物(6，8)移动的水平距离，但是它们的方向相反。
CN2006800064261A 2005-01-18 2006-01-13 用于高架物的支撑 Expired - Fee Related CN101133245B (zh)

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NO20050271 2005-01-18
NO20050271A NO322247B1 (no) 2005-01-18 2005-01-18 Baerekonstruksjon for elevert masse
PCT/NO2006/000015 WO2006078167A2 (en) 2005-01-18 2006-01-13 Support for elevated mass

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CN102482860A (zh) * 2009-06-10 2012-05-30 钥石工程公司 海上支撑结构和相关的安装方法
CN102644562A (zh) * 2012-05-14 2012-08-22 江苏龙源振华海洋工程有限公司 一种海上风电场叶轮组装象腿平衡支架的安装工艺
CN102777333A (zh) * 2012-07-21 2012-11-14 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 桁架式风力发电机组结构
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CN104153630A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-19 福建永福铁塔技术开发有限公司 混合式风电塔架的过渡连接方法

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CN101566136B (zh) * 2008-04-22 2015-07-29 通用电气公司 用于动力应用的涉及风力涡轮机塔架的系统和方法
CN102066750B (zh) * 2008-06-24 2014-10-22 欧威克高塔公司 用于风力涡轮机的拉撑连接机构
CN102482860A (zh) * 2009-06-10 2012-05-30 钥石工程公司 海上支撑结构和相关的安装方法
CN102482860B (zh) * 2009-06-10 2014-10-22 钥石工程公司 海上支撑结构和相关的安装方法
CN102644562A (zh) * 2012-05-14 2012-08-22 江苏龙源振华海洋工程有限公司 一种海上风电场叶轮组装象腿平衡支架的安装工艺
CN102777333A (zh) * 2012-07-21 2012-11-14 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 桁架式风力发电机组结构
CN104153630A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-19 福建永福铁塔技术开发有限公司 混合式风电塔架的过渡连接方法

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US20080290245A1 (en) 2008-11-27
CN101133245B (zh) 2012-08-08
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NO20050271D0 (no) 2005-01-18
US8056298B2 (en) 2011-11-15
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NO322247B1 (no) 2006-09-04
WO2006078167A3 (en) 2007-01-11

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