CN101129746A - Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill - Google Patents
Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101129746A CN101129746A CNA2007100708532A CN200710070853A CN101129746A CN 101129746 A CN101129746 A CN 101129746A CN A2007100708532 A CNA2007100708532 A CN A2007100708532A CN 200710070853 A CN200710070853 A CN 200710070853A CN 101129746 A CN101129746 A CN 101129746A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- radix
- gram
- throat
- grams
- borax
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 206010068319 Oropharyngeal pain Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 201000007100 Pharyngitis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010013952 Dysphonia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 208000010473 Hoarseness Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000019505 Deglutition disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010013781 dry mouth Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007882 dietary composition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000003026 hypopharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000004880 Polyuria Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035619 diuresis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010010741 Conjunctivitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034507 Haematemesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015817 Infant Nutrition disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001388 Opportunistic Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004680 Rectal Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031971 Yin Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010002156 anal fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000954 anitussive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000767 anti-ulcer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124584 antitussives Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002934 diuretic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001882 diuretic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010013663 drug dependence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001848 dysentery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001780 epistaxis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014617 hemorrhoid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001050 pharmacotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010040872 skin infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a medicinal and dietary composition for clearing heat and relieving sore throat, promoting the production of body fluid and moistening dryness and its preparation method, mainly match by formulation such as radix scrophulariae, radix Platycodonis, peppermint, semen Scaphii Lychnophori, Borax, radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, Coptidis rhizoma, flos Lonicerae, radix Ophiopogonis, etc., have good effects of clearing heat and dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving sore throat and promoting eruption, especially to treat sore throat, hoarseness, dry mouth and tongue, dysphagia symptom curative effect is apparent; in addition, the invention can be used as a common health dietary preparation, has no side effect, is convenient to take and has better social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The pill that the present invention relates to a kind of medicated diet combination for the treatment of symptoms such as laryngopharynx swelling and pain, hoarseness hoarseness, dry mouth and tougue, dysphagia and preparation method, especially relieving sore-throat by clearing away heat, promotes the production of body fluid and moisturize.
Background technology
Treat the medicine of symptoms such as laryngopharynx swelling and pain, hoarseness hoarseness, dry mouth and tougue, dysphagia at present, mostly be Western medicine greatly, in patient's use, much all can bring certain toxic and side effects, curative effect is very little, can't resolve patient's actual slight illness, the result makes status of patient poorer, and quality of life descends, threat to life; General biological preparation therapeutic effect repeatedly, drug dependence is big, and is big to hepatic injury, life-time service easily causes heart and brain renal damage, immunity degradation etc., causes various opportunistic infection, can not palliate the agonizing sufferings for the patient better; The reasonable prescription of minority drug effect is also arranged and become agent, but the mode of the taking drug effect absorption difference of patent medicine does not reach the purpose of effective treatment.
Summary of the invention
The pill that task of the present invention provides a kind of taking convenience, has no side effect, therapeutic effect is good.
A kind of laryngopharynx swelling and pain that is used for the treatment of, the hoarseness hoarseness, dry mouth and tougue, the pill of symptoms such as dysphagia, become to be grouped into by plurality of Chinese, the technical scheme that is provided is: get Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis is 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 gram, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 gram, with medicinal material processing weigh assort after, pulverize and be coarse powder, the shop places in the mixing channel, and after the cold drying, pulverizing is fine powder again, screening, get refined honey and medicated powder mixes, the honey temperature is 90 ℃, mediates, pill, dry, cooling, bottled or plastic-aluminum vacuolar membrane is packed the bolus for relieving sore-throat and clearing throat of gained.
For realizing that preparation method provided by the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, medicinal material processing is qualified, weigh and assort;
2, pulverize and mixes: with selected pulverizing medicinal materials is coarse powder, spread to place in the mixing channel, and mix homogeneously, cold drying is pulverized and is fine powder, sieves;
3, pill: get refined honey and above-mentioned medicated powder mixes, sweet temperature is 90 ℃, kneading, pill, drying;
4, packing: dry after cool off bottled or plastic-aluminum vacuolar membrane packing;
Radix Platycodonis dispersing lung-QI and dissipating phlegm, evacuation of pus sore-throat relieving, have reduce phlegm, the effect of cough-relieving.
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae clearing heat and moistening lung, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, have relieving asthma, antitussive, blood pressure lowering, antiulcer effect.
Herba Menthae cleaning heat and expelling wind, sore-throat relieving rash, have bring down a fever, the effect of detoxifcation, sore-throat relieving.
The Flos Lonicerae heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, have bring down a fever, antimicrobial effect; Radix Scutellariae heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, diuretic dampness, pathogenic fire purging hemostasis, can detoxify, antibiotic, diuresis, bring high blood pressure down, calm function of gallbladder promoting.
Rhizoma Coptidis clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, the detoxifcation fire of dispelling, can diuresis, detoxify, bring down a fever, blood pressure lowering, enhancing human body immunity power, be used for diseases such as infantile malnutrition, infantile convulsion, dysentery, consumptive fever hectic fever due to YIN-deficiency, spontaneous sweating, hematemesis and epistaxis, acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula skin infection.
The present invention compared with prior art, it need not be taken medicine, have an injection, also without hospitalization, taking convenience, and the pharmacy cost is low, and the pharmacotherapy more commonly used than doctor trained in Western medicine makes the patient satisfaction rate improve 30%, cure rate reaches 20%, effective percentage finds no any toxic and side effects more than 90%, and is especially evident in efficacy to symptoms such as treatment laryngopharynx swelling and pain, hoarseness hoarseness, dry mouth and tougue, dysphagia; In addition, the present invention also can be used as the medicated diet commonly used of health care, and the effect that has relieving sore-throat by clearing away heat, promotes the production of body fluid and moisturize is fit to Garments capable of wearing in four seasons usefulness, has no side effect, and better economic and social benefit are arranged.
Specific embodiments
In the actual pharmacy, desirable Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis is 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 gram, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 gram, with medicinal material processing weigh assort after, pulverize and be coarse powder, the shop places in the mixing channel, and after the cold drying, pulverizing is fine powder again, screening, get refined honey and medicated powder mixes, the honey temperature is 90 ℃, mediates, pill, dry, cooling, bottled or plastic-aluminum vacuolar membrane is packed the bolus for relieving sore-throat and clearing throat of gained, if companioned with headache, heating person can add Herba Ephedrae, each 5 gram of Semen Armeniacae Amarum are used as medicine.
Below in conjunction with embodiment content of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment one
Compatibility is: Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, and Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis be 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 grams, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 restrains.
Preparation method:
1, medicinal material processing is qualified, weigh and assort;
2, pulverize and mixes: with selected pulverizing medicinal materials is coarse powder, spread to place in the mixing channel, and mix homogeneously, cold drying is pulverized and is fine powder, sieves;
3, pill: get refined honey and above-mentioned medicated powder mixes, sweet temperature is 90 ℃, kneading, pill, drying;
4, packing: dry after cool off bottled or plastic-aluminum vacuolar membrane packing;
Embodiment two
Compatibility is: Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, and Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis be 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 grams, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 gram, Herba Ephedrae, each 5 gram of Semen Armeniacae Amarum, its preparation method is with embodiment one.
In sum, the present invention is yellow pill, fragrant odour, sweet in the mouth, its dose can be divided into treatment and keep healthy two kinds, but every day 2 times, each 6 take for the patient, do not limit as ordinary person's medicated diet Time of Administration that keeps healthy, but every day 1 time, each 3 take, the present invention is without any side effects, drug safety performance height, EDD is 1-2, each medicine in the compatibility and preparation method thereof is to select for use according to " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China ".
The rationale of the present invention treatment be with relieving sore-throat by clearing away heat, the Radix Scrophulariae moisturized of promoting the production of body fluid, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis etc. are as raw material, mode administration by pill, show through clinical trial, the present invention has the effect of good cleaning heat and expelling wind, sore-throat relieving rash, effective percentage is more than 90%, for symptoms such as clinical treatment laryngopharynx swelling and pain, hoarseness hoarseness, dry mouth and tougue, dysphagia provide strong foundation.
Claims (2)
1. bolus for relieving sore-throat and clearing throat, it is characterized in that Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis be 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 grams, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 gram, with medicinal material processing weigh assort after, pulverize and be coarse powder, the shop places in the mixing channel, after the cold drying, pulverize to fine powder, screening, get refined honey and medicated powder to mix, sweet temperature is 90 ℃, kneading, pill, drying, cooling, bottled or plastic-aluminum vacuolar membrane is packed the product of gained.
2. according to claim 1, it is characterized in that formulation ratio consists of Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Menthae, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Borax, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, each 30 gram of Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Ophiopogonis be 40 grams respectively, Radix Scutellariae, Fructus Gardeniae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, each 13 gram of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 grams, Borneolum Syntheticum 1 gram, Herba Ephedrae, each 5 gram of Semen Armeniacae Amarum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100708532A CN101129746A (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100708532A CN101129746A (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101129746A true CN101129746A (en) | 2008-02-27 |
Family
ID=39127258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100708532A Pending CN101129746A (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101129746A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102885929A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-23 | 韦成旺 | Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating throat inflammations and preparation method thereof |
| CN104013044A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-09-03 | 秦翠梅 | An oyster seaweed drink for alleviating hoarseness |
| CN104415225A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-03-18 | 天津泰源中草药技术开发有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine tea with effect of antisepsis and anti-inflammation |
-
2007
- 2007-08-21 CN CNA2007100708532A patent/CN101129746A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102885929A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-23 | 韦成旺 | Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating throat inflammations and preparation method thereof |
| CN102885929B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-08-19 | 韦成旺 | A kind ofly treat Chinese medicine preparation of bottleneck throat inflammation and preparation method thereof |
| CN104415225A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-03-18 | 天津泰源中草药技术开发有限公司 | Traditional Chinese medicine tea with effect of antisepsis and anti-inflammation |
| CN104013044A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-09-03 | 秦翠梅 | An oyster seaweed drink for alleviating hoarseness |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102119995B (en) | Traditional Chinese medicament for treating gum swelling pain | |
| CN102784219B (en) | Compound pure Chinese medicine composition for treating bovine ephemeral fever and preparation method of same | |
| CN101129609A (en) | Chrysanthemum powder for improving eyesight | |
| CN101129872A (en) | Phellodendron bark-coix seed erysipelas powder | |
| CN101129916A (en) | Chinese angelica and rhizoma corydalis honeyed pill | |
| CN101129746A (en) | Sore-throat relieving and voice-clearing pill | |
| CN101301355B (en) | Oil composition containing 1,8-cineole and flavanones extracted from Litsea lancilimba Merr. and Blumea Balsamifera DC. And use thereof | |
| CN101130022A (en) | Mulberry and chrysanthemum pill for treating cold | |
| CN101954022B (en) | Chinese medicinal composition for treating lung cancer | |
| CN100411666C (en) | Broad-specturm medicine for treating snake venom poisoning | |
| CN101129610A (en) | Rehmannia pill for nourishing spirit | |
| CN103405503B (en) | A kind of compound Chinese medicinal preparation and preparation method for the treatment of acute mastitis | |
| CN101129687A (en) | Multi-flavor pill for stimulating menstrual flow | |
| CN101129690A (en) | Decoction pieces for clearing heat and relieving swelling | |
| CN103157069B (en) | Miao medicament for treating cholecystitis | |
| CN102600325A (en) | Compound propolis composition for treatment of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101129747A (en) | Pinellia ternate cough-relieving pill | |
| CN101130016A (en) | Erpi digestive pill | |
| CN101129542A (en) | Pill for relieving pain due to wind-cold | |
| CN102935139A (en) | Compound propolis composition for treating chronic gastroenteritis of livestock and preparation method of composition | |
| CN101129983A (en) | Chaihuang Qingdan Wan (Chaihuang Bolus for clearing gallbladder) | |
| CN104173830A (en) | Medicament for reconciling interior syndromes and relieving exterior syndromes for high fever of cold in winter and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102743669A (en) | Compound propolis composition for treating swine enzootic pneumonia | |
| CN101129997A (en) | Radix curcumae oral liquid for relieving exterior syndrome | |
| CN101129982A (en) | Heat-clearing and detoxicating powder |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20080227 |