CN101126449B - 涡轮机的柔顺板密封件 - Google Patents

涡轮机的柔顺板密封件 Download PDF

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CN101126449B
CN101126449B CN2007101409576A CN200710140957A CN101126449B CN 101126449 B CN101126449 B CN 101126449B CN 2007101409576 A CN2007101409576 A CN 2007101409576A CN 200710140957 A CN200710140957 A CN 200710140957A CN 101126449 B CN101126449 B CN 101126449B
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S·奥塔
N·A·特恩奎斯特
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
    • F16J15/3292—Lamellar structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/12—Two-dimensional rectangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/13—Two-dimensional trapezoidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

轴密封件(10)用于减小转动轴(12)和静止外壳(15)之间的泄漏。该轴密封件包括多个柔顺板元件(16)，每一个都具有基部和端部。该柔顺板元件在它们的基部与静止外壳相对的固定。柔顺板元件的端部限定了位于静止外壳和转动轴之间的密封环。轴向流阻元件(17)设置在柔顺板元件内，并用作柔顺板元件之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。

Description

涡轮机的柔顺板密封件
技术领域
本发明涉及位于转动构件和静止构件之间的密封结构，特别涉及另外利用了曲径式密封特征的柔顺板密封装置。
背景技术
在涡轮机中转子(例如转轴)和定子(例如静止的外壳或箱体)之间的动态密封是要重点考虑的。过去已经提出几种密封的方法。特别是已经采用了基于弹性元件的密封件，包括所述的叶片式密封、刷式密封、齿式密封、垫片密封等。
刷式密封件由紧紧组装在一起的大体为圆柱形的毛刷构成，由于它们的交错布置，它们在防止泄漏方面非常有效。毛刷具有很低的径向硬度，使得它们在转子偏移过程中移出，同时在稳定的操作过程中保持密封间隙。然而刷式密封件仅在沿密封件具有特定压力差的时候有效。由于毛刷的基本为圆柱形的几何形状，刷式密封件在轴向具有较低硬度，其将最大操作压力差限定在大约小于1000PSI。
为了克服这个问题，提出了叶片式密封件，其包括具有较高轴向硬度的板式外形，以及能够承受大的压力差的能力(在图1左侧显示了示例性的常规叶片式密封件)。然而，由于叶片式密封件的外形，轴向泄漏仍然是个问题。也就是说，如果叶片被仅仅组装在一起来靠近转子，由于密封件弯曲，在叶片根部将具有间隙，该间隙可能会导致泄漏，反过来干扰密封效果。
发明内容
在本发明的示例性实施例中，轴密封件减小了转动轴和静止外壳之间的泄漏。轴密封件包括多个与静止外壳成相对关系连接的柔顺板元件，该柔顺板元件在静止外壳和转动轴之间限定了密封环。每个柔顺板元件都包括至少一个槽。轴密封件还包括至少一个连接到静止外壳上并径向延伸到该柔顺板元件内的至少一个槽中的静止环。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，轴密封件包括多个柔顺板元件，每一个都具有基部和端部，其中柔顺板元件与静止外壳相对的固定在它们的基部。柔顺板元件的端部围绕转动轴周向布置。轴向流阻元件设置在柔顺板内，并用作柔顺板元件之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。
在本发明的又一实施例中，轴密封件包括多个与定子成相对关系连接的柔顺板元件，柔顺板元件在定子和转子之间限定了密封环。每一个柔顺板元件内包括多个具有不同长度的槽。多个对应的静止环连接到定子上，并分别径向延伸到柔顺板元件内的多个槽内。所述多个静止环具有与不同长度的槽对应的变化的径向长度，并用作柔顺板元件之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。
附图说明
图1是横剖视图，显示了常规的叶片密封(左)和此处描述的柔顺板密封的一个实施例(右)之间的对比；
图2是图1所示的柔顺板密封件的透视图；和
图3和图4显示了所述柔顺板构件的可替换形状。
具体实施方式
此处描述的改进柔顺板密封件通过采用包含有曲径式密封特征的形状实现了一种结构，该结构减轻了在常规的叶片式密封中存在的上述轴向泄漏。注意，在常规叶片式密封件中，由于叶片端部组装的很紧，但基部很松，进入到叶片包的轴向泄漏容易径向向外流动/扩张，然后在它离开叶片包时轴向并最终汇聚起来。
参照图1和图2，轴密封件10用于减小轴12(例如转动轴)和固定到涡轮机固定外壳15上的箱体14之间的轴向泄漏。轴密封件10设有多个柔顺板构件16，柔顺板的基部与箱体14以相对的方式(即面对面)固定。柔顺板构件16限定了位于箱体14和转动轴12之间的密封环。
轴向流阻元件17设置在柔顺板构件16内部，并用作柔顺板元件16之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。在优选配置中，轴向流阻元件17包括至少一个环18，其连接到箱体14上并径向延伸到柔顺板元件16中的至少一个对应周向槽20内。如图1和2所示，每一个柔顺板元件16优选包括多个具有不同径向长度的槽20，轴向流阻元件17包括分别具有对应径向长度的对应的多个环18。虽然图1中示出的是三个环和槽，这种展示只是示例性的，本发明不限定于此。从更广的角度来看，在一些应用中，周向槽20的相邻的槽具有不同的径向长度，静态环18径向延伸进入到周向槽20中。
虽然所示的槽20具有矩形形状，本领域技术人员会意识到可采用其它形状。槽20可以按不同的宽度和变化的长度形成。其它柔顺板形状也是适合的，例如T形、梯形和如图3和4所示的类似形状。
环18迫使泄漏的流体流过更为曲折的路径，由此增大泄漏流体流动的阻力。这种结构在柔顺板密封件内部效仿了曲径式密封。叶片保持着它们的弯曲挠性和轴向硬度，这对于密封功能而言是十分重要的。
由于柔顺板在端部(临近转子)比在基部(临近定子)组装的更紧，环18不需要从板基部一直径向延伸到板端部。而是如图所示，环18仅需要延伸到柔顺板16的一部分内。
柔顺板密封件的重要优势在于产生在转子转动时的压力构建效应。这种效应促使柔顺板16在转子转动过程中抬高。响应该抬高动作、任意压力以及柔顺板材料弹性，每一块在板端部和转子12之间留有非常小的间隙的柔顺板都达到平衡状态。板端部和转子之间的小间隙通过减小或者消除物理接触来降低摩擦产生的热量。
虽然图中已经示出箱体14，并且上文中也已对其做了描述，但是取决于实际应用，柔顺板16和环18可直接与转子结为一体。中间的箱体仅在实际应用时需要，例如装配和制造，并不具备功能性。另外，虽然图中示出了前后环22、24，将环设置在柔顺板内的结构不需要前后环就可以实现预期目的。除了上述特征外，前后环还可增添到密封件上。通常，如图1所示，前后环22、24是箱体的一部分。
图中显示了位于转子外部的定子。在另一配置中，转子可设置在定子外部。
柔顺板上可涂覆特殊材料，从而实现下面的一个或多个目的(无限定性)：在相对滑动时减小摩擦、磨损和所产生的热量，用作扩散叠层，并允许高温操作。基于上述以及其它原因，与柔顺板末端紧邻的转子表面也可涂覆上述材料。一般的涂覆方法包括物理蒸镀、热喷镀以及电沉积(仅给出几种)。涂覆材料包括但不限于：氮化钛、氮化锆、镍铬合金-带有固体润滑剂的碳化铬、镍等。
此处描述的轴密封件提供了转动构件和静止构件之间的高压动态密封。该密封件包括多个柔顺板，其在转子偏移过程中发生变形，但是沿压力降低的方向是非常坚硬的。轴向阻流元件的组合迫使轴向流体在密封件基部沿曲折的路线前行。紧紧组装在一起的密封件端部与密封件基部的阻流特征的结合导致大大减小了轴向泄漏。
虽然已经参照被认定为是本发明的最实用和最优选的实施例对本发明做了具体描述，但是应当理解的是，本发明不限定于所公开的实施例，而是相反，其意欲覆盖包含在附带的权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同装置。
部件列表
周密封件10
转子12
箱体14
涡轮静止外壳15
柔顺板元件16
轴向流阻元件17
环18
周向槽20
前环22
后环24

Claims (11)

1.一种用于减小转动轴和静止外壳之间的泄漏的轴密封件，该轴密封件包括：
多个柔顺板元件，其与静止外壳成相对关系连接，该柔顺板元件在静止外壳和转动轴之间限定了密封环，其中：每个柔顺板元件内都包括至少一个槽；以及
至少一个静止环，其连接到静止外壳上并径向延伸到该柔顺板元件内的至少一个槽中；
其中，所述柔顺板元件的每一个中包括多个槽，轴密封件进一步包括分别连接到静止外壳上并径向延伸到每一个槽内的对应的多个静止环，所述多个槽的径向长度和轴向宽度中的至少一个是变化的，所述多个静止环的径向长度和轴向宽度中的至少一个分别对应于槽的径向长度和轴向宽度而变化；所述多个静止环周向延伸通过所述多个柔顺板元件并在这些柔顺板元件之间延伸，并且用作柔顺板元件之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴密封件，其中：柔顺板元件通过箱体连接到静止的外壳上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的轴密封件，其中：至少一个静止环与箱体结为一体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轴密封件，其中：柔顺板元件具有矩形外形。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轴密封件，其中：柔顺板元件具有T形外形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的轴密封件，其中：柔顺板元件具有梯形外形。
7.一种用于减小转动轴和静止外壳之间的泄漏的轴密封件，该轴密封件包括：
多个柔顺板元件，每一个都具有基部和端部，该柔顺板元件与静止外壳相对的固定在它们的基部，其中：柔顺板元件的端部围绕转动轴周向布置；以及
轴向流阻元件，其设置在柔顺板内，该轴向流阻元件用作柔顺板元件之间的轴向泄漏流体的障碍物，
其中，柔顺板元件的外形制作为使柔顺板元件的基部组装比柔顺板元件的端部组装宽松，轴向流阻元件在柔顺板元件基部附近效仿曲径式密封，柔顺板元件的每一个中包括邻近柔顺板元件基部的多个槽，该柔顺板元件基部在密封环中限定对应的多个周向槽，轴向流阻元件包括置于所述周向槽中的多个静止环，所述周向槽中的相邻的槽包括不同的径向长度，以及所述静止环径向延伸进入所述周向槽中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的轴密封件，其中：所述静止环从静止壳径向延伸进入所述周向槽中。
9.根据权利要求7所述的轴密封件，其中：柔顺板元件通过箱体连接到静止的外壳上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的轴密封件，其中：轴向流阻元件与箱体结为一体。
11.一种用于减小转动轴和静止外壳之间的泄漏的轴密封件，该轴密封件包括：
多个柔顺板元件，其与定子成相对关系连接，该柔顺板元件在定子和转子之间限定了密封环，每个柔顺板元件内都包括多个长度变化的槽；以及
对应的多个静止环，它们分别连接到定子上并径向延伸到柔顺板元件内的所述多个槽中，对应于长度变化的槽，该多个静止环具有变化的径向长度，该静止环充当柔顺板元件之间的至少一些轴向泄漏流体的障碍物。
CN2007101409576A 2006-08-15 2007-08-15 涡轮机的柔顺板密封件 Expired - Fee Related CN101126449B (zh)

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CN101126449A (zh) 2008-02-20
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US7651101B2 (en) 2010-01-26
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US7419164B2 (en) 2008-09-02
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US8162324B2 (en) 2012-04-24

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