CN101107736B - 具有可再充电电池的助听器及可再充电电池 - Google Patents

具有可再充电电池的助听器及可再充电电池 Download PDF

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CN101107736B
CN101107736B CN2006800028585A CN200680002858A CN101107736B CN 101107736 B CN101107736 B CN 101107736B CN 2006800028585 A CN2006800028585 A CN 2006800028585A CN 200680002858 A CN200680002858 A CN 200680002858A CN 101107736 B CN101107736 B CN 101107736B
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安诺斯·埃里克·彼得森
弗兰克·恩格尔·拉斯姆森
亨宁·克纳克·波尔森
贡纳尔·古德纳松
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Abstract

提供可再充电电池，其包括由第一电化学活性层和第二电化学活性层包围的柔软细长电子传导芯，第一电化学活性层和第二电化学活性层由分隔层隔离，其中电子传导元件接触第二电化学活性层的外表面，其中两层电化学活性层和分隔层中的至少一层由薄膜层组成。进一步提供助听器，其中具有包括薄膜层的电池。所述电池可以卷曲或缠绕以适应助听器内部的不规则空间。

Description

具有可再充电电池的助听器及可再充电电池
技术领域
本发明涉及可再充电电池及具有可再充电电池的助听器。
背景技术
电源是助听器中的一项关键因素，电池占据了现代助听器的很大一部分。减小电池的尺寸可以使助听器的整体尺寸减小。此外，还需要电池的使用寿命较长，尤其是使用可再充电电池时。使用传统的可再充电电池技术，不可能获得既有充足的电池容量又有通用的电池尺寸的技术方案，通用尺寸的电池可以安装在任何形状和大小的助听器中。这一点是由助听器(特别是ITE类型)的形状和尺寸的巨大差异与目前缺乏可用的柔性电池引起的。此外，在现代助听器中，需要多种无线应用。这不仅需要对电池无线再充电，而且需要不同的无线通信能力，如拾音线圈、FM天线和数字化运行的感应天线，以及无线传输用于可再充电电池的充电能量。到目前为止，已经证实在助听器中非常有限的空间内实现这些功能相当困难。本发明提供可以安装在任何类型的助听器中的电池，其还可以在电池与能量源分离的情况下实现另外的功能。
在可再充电电池领域的现有技术中，应当提到以下几点：
Bates的美国专利第6,818,356号“薄膜电池及其电解质”，该文件中说明了用于薄膜电池的固态无定形的电解质合成物。
J.B.Bates的美国专利第5,314,765号(1994年5月24日)“用于锂金属阳极的保护性锂离子传导陶瓷涂层及相关方法”，在该文件中公开了包括阴极、锂金属阳极的电池结构，以及放置在锂阳极与阴极之间的电解质利用叠层的锂磷氧氮的薄膜层，从而涂覆锂阳极并因此分隔锂阳极和电解质。
J.B.Bates的美国专利第5,612,152号(1997年3月18日)“在需要低到高功率输出的应用中使用的可再充电锂电池”，该专利公开了具有薄膜电池特性的可再充电的锂电池，其能够用于满足在较宽范围内的功率要求。
J.B.Bates、N.J.Dudney、G.R.Gruzalski和C.F.Luck的美国专利第5,338,625号(1994年8月16日)“薄膜电池及其制造方法”，该文件说明了一种薄膜电池，特别是一种薄膜微电池，以及其用作电子装置的备用或主集成电源的制造方法。
J.B.Bates、N.J.Dudney、G.R.Gruzalski和C.F.Luck的美国专利第5,455,126号(1995年10月3日)“具有包含电解质的氮的光电装置”，其公开了一种薄膜电池。
J.B.Bates、N.J.Dudney的美国专利第5,512,147号(1996年4月30日)“制造用于电化学电池的电解质的方法”，该文件描述了一种薄膜电池，特别是一种薄膜微电池，以及其用作电子装置的备用或主集成电源的制造方法。
J.B.Bates、N.J.Dudney和K.A.Weatherspoon的美国专利第5,561,004号(1996年10月1日)“用于薄膜锂电池的封装材料”，其公开了包括暴露在空气和水蒸汽中能够起反应的组分的薄膜电池，该电池包括提供防止空气和水蒸汽渗透的隔层的封装系统。
J.B.Bates和N.J.Dudney的美国专利第5,567,210号(1996年10月22日)“用于制造电化学电池的方法”，其公开了一种薄膜电池，特别是一种薄膜微电池，以及其用作电子装置的备用或主集成电源的制造方法。
J.B.Bates的美国专利第5,569,520号“在需要低到高功率输出的应用中使用的可再充电锂电池”，其公开了具有薄膜电池特性的可再充电的锂电池，能够用于满足在较宽范围内的功率要求。
J.B.Bates和N.J.Dudney的美国专利第5,597,660号(1997年1月28日)“用于电化学电池的电解质”，其公开了一种薄膜电池，特别是一种薄膜微电池，以及其用作电子装置的备用或主集成电源的制造方法。
John B.Bates的美国专利申请第20010014423号“通过快速热退火制造高织构锂钴氧化物薄膜”，该文件中说明了通过快速热退火制造高织构锂钴氧化物薄膜的系统和方法。
此外，以下美国专利6,562,518、6,555,270和6,344,366涉及通过快速热退火制造高织构锂钴氧化物薄膜。
发明内容
利用本发明，通过卷曲、缠绕等能够将标准尺寸的电池条塞入任何形状和大小的助听器。
在本发明中使用的电池技术基于薄膜技术。电池由每电池(也有可能是电池组)典型厚度在10-20微米范围内的活性(核心)层组成，其沉积在薄片或细丝上。在活性层的顶部沉积厚度范围在5-80微米的钝化层。通过这样的技术可以制造完全成套的电池，即不需要进一步封装。由于薄膜电池的厚度小，可以实现惊人的柔性。电池既可以制造为例如5毫米宽的条形，也可以制造在金属细丝或覆盖金属的细丝上。该处理在无接头带或短薄片或细丝上完成。
根据本发明，可再充电电池包括由第一电化学活性层和第二电化学活性层包围的可弯曲细长电子传导芯，第一电化学活性层和第二电化学活性层由分隔层隔离，其中电子传导元件接触第二电化学活性层的外表面，其中两层电化学活性层和分隔层中的至少一层由沉积薄膜层组成。
以这种方式形成薄、细长和柔软如丝的电池，其很容易通过折叠或缠绕为所需的形状存放在任何方便的空间。由于细长的传导芯还可以用作载体，因此不需要载体层，从而能制造出体积效率更高的电池。由于能够以多于一种的顺序在每一层的顶部沉积上述层，从而使能按本领域众所周知的进行电池堆叠。
在本发明另一方面，缠绕电池的至少一部分以形成具有第一和第二端的感应线圈。
这样的感应线圈能够同时用作充电的目的与发送和/或接收天线的通信目的。根据本发明，使用生产电池活性部分的薄膜技术制造组合的感应线圈与可再充电电池，因此提供了具有非常高的效率和能量密度的电池。在细丝结构周围产生可再充电电池的其他更常用方法能用于提供可以缠绕的电池以形成感应线圈。
优选地，电化学活性层包括阴极和阳极材料，阳极材料包括金属锂，阴极材料包括锂离子，分隔层是锂离子传导层。
根据本发明另一方面，提供具有包围电子元件的外壳部分的助听器，电子元件用于信号处理，如放大器，其中电池用于向信号处理元件传送能量，电池包括在细长衬底表面上提供的分层结构，衬底具有阳极和阴极材料层、分离阳极和阴极层的离子传导分隔层及集电层，其中在薄膜沉积过程中沉积至少一层，且电池可缠绕或卷曲以适应外壳中的可用空间。
通过提供在薄膜处理中获得的厚度小、结构细长、柔软的电池，能够折叠和/或缠绕电池材料以适应外壳的内部，其中电池可填满现有元件之间的可用空间。尤其是当助听器是ITE式时，其中至少外壳的一部分是定制的，所以不能预计容纳电池材料的可用空间的位置和形状。通常的实践中是提供标准的电池空间，从而导致助听器比所需的大许多。使用薄膜处理获得的结构细长、柔软的电池既可以在细丝结构上实现，其中在细丝四周的表面上提供各层，又可以在扁平薄膜的一面或两面上提供电池的活性层。
在本发明的实施例中，助听器电池包括长细丝状的中心元件，在其表面上提供电池。因此电池元件能够相对于细丝状的中心元件的纵轴以所需的角度卷曲/折叠，从而能够折叠元件用于适应非常不规则的空间容积。细丝状的中心元件包括用作电池一极的导电元件。如果电池缠绕为线圈，则电池还可以用作感应天线，能用于接收和/或辐射能量。因此电池可以发挥其他功能，如拾音线圈、无线发射天线或电池无线感应充电的接收元件。这些可能中的一部分可以使用一个或同一线圈实现。
本发明进一步包括具有丝状核心部分的电池，在核心部分上提供电池的各层、隔层和保护材料，其中电池的总直径优选小于100微米。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的电池的原理图；
图2是缠绕和塞入助听器的电池细丝；
图3是助听器中细丝电池的另一实施例；
图4a、4b、5a和5b是缠绕用作线圈的电池和充电的过程。
具体实施方式
图1中的电池包括核心部分1，优选核心部分1包括一个或多个传导材料细丝。在优选实施例中，细丝由金属材料制造。也可能使用涂覆金属的细丝，如玻璃、聚合物或碳。电池的这一部分既可以是阳极集电器也可以是阴极集电器。以下假设细丝1用作阴极集电器。在包围细丝的层中提供阴极材料2。在阴极顶部提供电解质材料3。电解质覆盖阴极材料2的全部外半径表面，在电解质层的顶部提供阳极材料4。阳极集电器5是电池最后的活性部分，并提供在阳极材料4上。集电器5可以是在阳极4的顶部提供的金属层，或者编织在阳极4上的金属细丝，还能够是金属涂层和细丝的组合。至少提供一层保护层6，以确保电池的各个部分不受环境因素的有害影响，如氧气、水。在实施例中，阳极集电器也是保护层，从而最终的电池细丝变得更薄。
在真空或近似真空的处理中，涂覆阳极、电解质和阴极层薄膜。阳极和阴极层的厚度通常在10-15微米。通常电解质层更薄，范围在0.2-1微米。整个电池的总厚度为50微米。这使构成电池的细丝能缠绕为线圈。这样的线圈，如果形成时没有硬芯，将能够弯曲以适应放置在用户耳道内的定制助听器中的不规则可用空间。
图2中线圈7、8如上所述是缠绕的电池。当线圈7、8处于变化的磁场中时，在线圈7、8的两端之间将产生电压差。用于通信目的测量该电压差。如果电流流过缠绕而成的线圈，还可以从线圈辐射感应能量。在两种情况下，电流相似地流过阳极和阴极集电器元件，这对线圈的电池功能没有任何影响。
当电池充电时，通过阳极和阴极之间的电势实现电池的功能。当电池由其自身形成的线圈充电时，其处于变化的磁场中，在阳极和/或阴极集电器中产生的最终的交流电压转换为直流电势，并表现为阴极与阳极集电器之间的电压差。
图2中的线圈7、8还可以由条形电池材料缠绕而成。当放置在ITE式助听器的外壳中时，其改进了外壳中自由空间的利用。较大的线圈8，通过进一步的变形，能够深入外壳填塞并紧邻接收器10放置，较小的线圈7能够放置在接收器10的顶端紧邻放大器模块12。
在图3中表示了条形电池13进一步的实施例，条形电池13塞入助听器的外壳9中。缠绕电池13，从而放大器模块12能够放置在卷状电池13的内部。其优化了外壳9中自由空间的使用，并额外地为助听器的电子元件提供了改进的光和EMC保护。
根据本发明，在生产电池的方法中，细丝连续地传送到真空室中，通过传送细丝穿过不同的处理区域涂覆电池的不同层。最后将细丝送出真空室进行可能的最终的保护层处理。以这种方式，能够快速生产长条形的电池薄片或细丝。
在实施例中，化合物包括以下元素：作为电解质的锂磷氮氧化物(LiPON)，作为阴极材料的LiCoO2，以及作为阳极的锂。
在图4和图5中，公开了根据本发明的电池充电电路。电池线圈20放置在交流感应磁场中，其将在线圈20的两端产生交流电压VL。交流电压如图4a所示。在前半个周期是正电压(图4a中的灰色区域)，并将在电池线圈20的一端建立正电压。在电池的两极安排两个二极管，即第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2。D1放置在正极，D2放置在负极。D2的输出端连接到电容器C1，电容器连接到电池的负极，而不是线圈的负端。在前半个感应周期期间建立正电压时，D2允许电荷累积在C1上。在如图5a和5b所示的后半个感应周期期间，由于在连接到二极管D1和D2的电池两极建立了负电势，存储在C1上的电荷流过D1。在交流感应的连续周期期间，电荷从电池两极的一端移动到另一端，从而给电池进行充电。

Claims (16)

1.可再充电电池，该电池包括由第一电化学活性层(2)和第二电化学活性层(4)包围的柔软细长的电子传导细丝芯(1)，第一电化学活性层和第二电化学活性层由分隔层(3)隔离，其中电子传导元件(5)接触第二电化学活性层(4)的外表面，其特征在于：两层电化学活性层(2，4)和分隔层(3)中的至少一层由薄膜层组成，其中第一电化学活性层(2)、分隔层(3)、第二电化学活性层(4)和电子传导元件(5)环绕布置在细丝芯(1)的表面上，以提供细长且柔软如丝的电池。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可再充电电池，其中缠绕电池的至少一部分以形成具有第一端和第二端的感应线圈(7、8)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可再充电电池，其中电化学活性层包括阴极和阳极材料，其中阳极材料包括金属锂，阴极材料包括锂离子，其中分隔层是锂离子传导层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可再充电电池，其中锂离子传导层是锂磷氮氧化物陶瓷层。
5.根据权利要求2所述的可再充电电池，其中在线圈(20)的第一端电池的负和正极连接到第一二极管(D1)、第二二极管(D2)，其中第一二极管的输出端放置在正极，第二二极管的输入端放置在负极。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可再充电电池，其中第一二极管和第二二极管连接到电容器(C1)，其中电容器连接到线圈(20)第二端的电池负极。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可再充电电池，其中电池的总直径小于100微米。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可再充电电池，其中在真空或近似真空的处理中将第一电化学活性层(2)、电解质层形式的分隔层(3)和第二电化学活性层(4)涂覆为薄膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的可再充电电池，其中第一电化学活性层(2)和第二电化学活性层(4)的厚度在10-15微米的范围内。
10.根据权利要求8所述的可再充电电池，其中电解质层形式的分隔层(3)的厚度在0.2-1微米的范围内。
11.根据权利要求10所述的可再充电电池，其中电池的总厚度为50微米。
12.具有能够向用户传递可察觉信号的接收器(10)的音频装置，外壳或护套(9)包围传声器(11)和信号处理装置(12)，信号处理装置(12)包括根据权利要求1-11任一所述的可再充电电池，其中缠绕、卷曲或填塞电池(7、8、13)以适应外壳(9)中的可用空间。
13.根据权利要求12所述的音频装置，其中订制外壳从而适应个人的耳内部或耳道。
14.根据权利要求12所述的音频装置，其中至少电池的一部分缠绕为具有第一端和第二端的线圈状结构，从而集电层形成感应线圈。
15.根据权利要求14所述的音频装置，其中在线圈(20)的第一端电池的负和正极连接到第一二极管(D1)、第二二极管(D2)，其中第一二极管的输出端放置在正极，第二二极管的输入端放置在负极。
16.根据权利要求15所述的音频装置，其中第一二极管和第二二极管连接到电容器(C1)，其中电容器连接到线圈(20)第二端的电池负极。
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ATE504095T1 (de) 2011-04-15
US8224007B2 (en) 2012-07-17
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WO2006077192A1 (en) 2006-07-27
KR20070110032A (ko) 2007-11-15
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DE602006020980D1 (de) 2011-05-12

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