CN101107453A - 气体轴承（激光） - Google Patents

气体轴承（激光） Download PDF

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CN101107453A
CN101107453A CNA2005800464382A CN200580046438A CN101107453A CN 101107453 A CN101107453 A CN 101107453A CN A2005800464382 A CNA2005800464382 A CN A2005800464382A CN 200580046438 A CN200580046438 A CN 200580046438A CN 101107453 A CN101107453 A CN 101107453A
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bearing surface
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bearing
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比约恩·林德
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Lind Finance and Development AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/10—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam
    • B23K26/103—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam the laser beam rotating around the fixed workpiece
    • B23K26/106—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece using a fixed support, i.e. involving moving the laser beam the laser beam rotating around the fixed workpiece inside the workpiece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0629—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion
    • F16C32/064—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion the liquid being supplied under pressure
    • F16C32/0651—Details of the bearing area per se
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0838—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0603—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
    • F16C32/0614—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings
    • F16C32/0622—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion the gas being supplied under pressure, e.g. aerostatic bearings via nozzles, restrictors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0681—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load
    • F16C32/0685—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0681—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load
    • F16C32/0696—Construction or mounting aspects of hydrostatic bearings, for exclusively rotary movement, related to the direction of load for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/16—Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49639—Fluid bearing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

用于气体轴承的方法，该气体轴承包括两个相对转动的部件，其中一个部件由轴杆组成，另一部件设置有轴承表面并由透过它能够向轴承间隙传导气体的材料制成，该方法用于产生向轴承表面传导气体的孔，其特征在于如下步骤：(a)借助于导向轴承表面的高能光束，在轴承表面内制成一定数量的、比据经验计算的孔的最终数量少的第一孔，使得主气流能够穿过轴承表面的这一部件；(b)测量初始气流；(c)基于测量的气流，计算为获得预期的所需气流而制成的另外的第二孔的所需确切数量；(d)在轴承表面内制成所计算数量的另外的第二孔。

Description

气体轴承（激光）
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于如专利权利要求书1的前序部分所述气体轴承的方法。
背景技术
气体轴承为本领域所公知，例如，在德国公报DE 44 36 156和欧洲公报EP 0 237 627中都有所描述。气体轴承以高转速使用于轴承部件——例如轴杆和支撑它的轴承表面——之间。为了获得良好的气体轴承功能，在相对转动的部件之间需要有一种材料组合物，部件在旋转中相互接触时，该组合物不会损坏这些部件，并且避免了由于可能产生的摩擦热而造成的局部熔化。为了消除这些缺点，在轴承表面内使用了如石墨等非金属材料。就此而言，公知在整个轴承表面上使用多孔石墨，其提供了良好的透气性和良好的功能，但缺点是多孔石墨耐磨性差，会导致气体轴承由于轴和轴承表面之间的接触而迅速变形。
发明内容
为了消除上述缺点，石墨轴承设计有致密石墨制成的耐磨轴承表面，例如，穿过耐磨轴承表面制成透气孔，且其通过位于轴承表面外部的石墨轴承部件与造气源连通。
制造这种轴承时，孔通过钻孔或借助于高能光束——如聚光激光束——等适当的方法制成。高能光束的使用使得在轴承位于外部的情况下能够直接在轴承表面内制成孔。但是，孔的制造过程中的一个难点在于确定相关轴承表面应具有多少孔来满足需求。孔的数量的“计算”完全基于经验，它当然在很大程度上也受孔的直径、长度和可重复性的影响，意即一些情况下在轴承内制造的孔太少，一些情况下在轴承内制造的孔太多。这两种可能的情况都意味着轴承不能最优地运行。能够更精确地预先确定所涉及轴承需要多少孔以获得所需气流的方法目前还没有出现。
附图说明
然而，由于本发明使之成为可能，本发明具有专利要求书所述的特征。现将结合附图以示例的形式详细描述本发明，其中图1和图2示出利用高能光束在轴承表面制孔的不同方法。
具体实施方式
图中，1表示轴承套，其中容纳着轴承2。轴承1由如石墨等适于气体轴承的材料构成，其中轴承表面利用如致密石墨等制成耐磨表面。轴承2具有多个始于轴承扩大部分5的肩部4、在6处止于扩大部分5内且绕轴承分布的轴向孔3。回转腔7从孔3延伸，并且形成了耐磨轴承表面内气体轴承材料的较薄区域。
加压气体(用G表示)通过连接部8供应到与孔3连通的圆形回转腔9。图1示出孔15如何在气体轴承内穿过由致密石墨制成的耐磨轴承表面制成，例如，借助于高能光束——在该情况下为聚光激光束10。激光束10由保护管12内的透镜11折射，为了防止微粒触及透镜，通过13向保护管12内供应保护空气。在14处供应空气以将制造孔时气化的材料吹走。在图中孔用标识15表示。在这种方法的情况下，除了在轴承的轴向外部件之外，很难制成孔15。
图2示出一种实施方式，其中高能光束通过利用例如棱镜16的偏转被导向轴承表面，其使得也能够在轴承的中部区域制出透气孔。
借助于所示方法，现在能够以灵活的方式制成所需数量的在轴承内自由定位的孔。因此，能够形成这样一种方法，其中借助于导向轴承表面的高能光束，将一定数量的、少于根据经验计算的孔的最终数量的第一孔制成在轴承表面内所需的位置上。这样使得主气流能够穿过轴承表面。测量此初始气流，并且为了得到用于轴承的所需气流，基于所得的值能够计算具有相同特征的另外的第二孔的确切数量。制出所计算的数量的另外的第二孔是为了得到所需气流。
执行时，适当地制出一开始根据经验估计的半数的孔。以均一分布的方式沿轴承表面的一个或多个圆线在360度上适当地定位较少数量的第一孔，然后，以相应的定位沿着一个或多个关于第一孔轴向移动的圆线制出计算出的数量的另外的第二孔。执行这些步骤的简单方法是使其中要形成透气通道的轴承表面步进式转动并且关于静止的高能光束轴向移动。
如果根据本发明的轴承是组合的径向和止推轴承，则形成通道18，通道18在孔3和止推轴承表面19之间延伸，并通过孔3供应“径向轴承空气”。“径向轴承空气”和“止推轴承空气”都是在止推轴承表面内形成的埋头孔17处从径向轴承表面和止推轴承表面之间的区域排出。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于气体轴承的方法，该气体轴承包括两个相对转动的部件，其中一个部件由轴杆构成，另一部件设置有轴承表面并由透过它能够向轴承间隙传导气体的材料制成，该方法用于产生向轴承表面传导气体的孔，其特征在于如下步骤：
(a)借助于导向所述轴承表面的高能光束，在所述轴承表面内制成一定数量的、比据经验计算的孔的最终数量少的第一孔，使得主气流能够穿过所述轴承表面的这一部件；
(b)测量初始气流；
(c)基于所述测量的气流，计算为获得预期的所需气流而制成的另外的第二孔的所需确切数量；
(d)在所述轴承表面内制成所计算数量的另外的第二孔。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，较少数量的第一孔的数量级为所述计算数量的一半。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，以均一分布的方式沿轴承表面的一个或多个圆线在360度上制成所述较少数量的第一孔，并以类似的定位沿着一个或多个关于第一孔轴向移动的圆线制出所述数量的具有相同特征的另外的第二孔。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，其中形成透气通道的所述轴承表面的那部分转动并且关于静止的高能光束轴向移动。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述高能光束是直接导向所述轴承表面的聚光激光束。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述高能光束是例如通过棱镜偏转而导向所述轴承表面的聚光激光束。
CNA2005800464382A 2005-01-13 2005-11-28 气体轴承（激光） Pending CN101107453A (zh)

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SE0500093A SE0500093L (sv) 2005-01-13 2005-01-13 Förfarande vid gaslager
SE05000930 2005-01-13

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US (1) US20080256797A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1841975B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008527275A (zh)
CN (1) CN101107453A (zh)
AT (1) ATE439528T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE602005016021D1 (zh)
SE (1) SE0500093L (zh)
WO (1) WO2006075939A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102292560A (zh) * 2009-01-26 2011-12-21 空气轴承有限公司 气体轴承及其制造方法
CN107559304A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2018-01-09 广东工业大学 一种复合式气浮轴承

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013102924B3 (de) 2013-03-21 2014-04-24 AeroLas GmbH Aerostatische Lager- Lasertechnik Gasdrucklagerelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gasdrucklagerelements sowie Gasdrucklager mit einem solchen Gasdrucklagerelement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE448252B (sv) * 1986-03-18 1987-02-02 Skf Ab Gaslager med en lageryta anordnad pa ett gasgenomsleppligt element samt sett att framstella ett sadant lager
US5110520A (en) 1989-10-13 1992-05-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing a porous static pressure gas bearing
JPH06315784A (ja) * 1993-05-06 1994-11-15 Ntn Corp 円筒状内面の加工方法
DE4403340A1 (de) * 1994-02-03 1995-08-10 Heinzl Joachim Verfahren zum Herstellen zumindest einer Mikrodüse eines aerostatischen Lagers
DE4436156C1 (de) * 1994-10-10 1996-03-21 Heinzl Joachim Aerostatisches Lager und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aerostatischen Lagers
JP2000291656A (ja) * 1999-04-08 2000-10-20 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 多孔質気体静圧軸受の製造方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102292560A (zh) * 2009-01-26 2011-12-21 空气轴承有限公司 气体轴承及其制造方法
CN102292560B (zh) * 2009-01-26 2015-11-25 空气轴承有限公司 气体轴承及其制造方法
CN107559304A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2018-01-09 广东工业大学 一种复合式气浮轴承

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SE526359C2 (sv) 2005-08-30
SE0500093L (sv) 2005-08-30
DE602005016021D1 (de) 2009-09-24
EP1841975B1 (en) 2009-08-12
WO2006075939A1 (en) 2006-07-20
JP2008527275A (ja) 2008-07-24
EP1841975A1 (en) 2007-10-10
US20080256797A1 (en) 2008-10-23

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