CN101106325A - 开关式稳压器 - Google Patents

开关式稳压器 Download PDF

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CN101106325A
CN101106325A CNA2007101095070A CN200710109507A CN101106325A CN 101106325 A CN101106325 A CN 101106325A CN A2007101095070 A CNA2007101095070 A CN A2007101095070A CN 200710109507 A CN200710109507 A CN 200710109507A CN 101106325 A CN101106325 A CN 101106325A
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switching regulator
switch element
pmos transistor
current
output
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津崎敏之
出口充康
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Seiko Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/16—Means for providing current step on switching, e.g. with saturable reactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/901—Starting circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/908—Inrush current limiters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种开关式稳压器，用于防止流经输出级开关元件的瞬间起峰电流的发生，所述开关元件提供于开关式稳压器中。软启动控制电路(116)探测流经充当输出级开关元件的PMOS晶体管(104)的电流。当所探测的电流等于或大于用于限制流经PMOS晶体管(104)的电流的电流限制值时，软启动控制电路(116)控制PMOS晶体管(104)使之关断。因此，能够防止流经PMOS晶体管(104)的瞬间起峰电流的发生。

Description

开关式稳压器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有软启动功能的开关式稳压器。
背景技术
作为一种用于从电源电压源稳定地提供恒定电压的电源单元，广为人知的有开关式稳压器和串联稳压器。开关式稳压器响应于受到预定控制的开关脉冲执行开关元件(其串联连接于从电源电压源连接的输入和连接到外部的输出之间)的开/关控制，并对从电源电压源供应的输入电压进行开/关切换，由此仅输出所需的功率。
开关式稳压器由开关式稳压器控制IC控制。开关式稳压器控制IC具有软启动功能，用于防止由打开电源时引起的开关式稳压器控制IC的输出电压的过冲以及流经开关元件的瞬间起峰电流的发生。根据软启动功能，使打开电源时开关脉冲相对于开关元件的负荷(duty)逐渐增大，由此控制从电源电压源连接的输入和连接到外部的输出之间的能量传递所需的时间周期(例如参见JP 2004-297985A)。
不过，从电源电压源连接的输入和连接到外部的输出之间的电流值得不到感测。结果，不能彻底防止流经开关元件的瞬间起峰电流的发生。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情形作出的，因此，本发明的目的是提供一种更能够防止发生流经开关元件的瞬间起峰电流的开关式稳压器。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种具有软启动功能的开关式稳压器，包括：输出级开关元件；用于探测流经所述开关元件的电流的探测电路；以及控制电路，在流经所述开关元件的电流等于或大于电流限制值时，所述控制电路控制所述开关元件使之关断，以限制流经所述开关元件的电流。
根据本发明，探测电路探测流经输出级开关元件的电流，在这样探测到的电流等于或大于用于限制流经开关元件的电流的电流限制值时，控制电路控制开关元件使之关断。因此，能够防止产生流经开关元件的瞬间起峰电流。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1为示意性示出根据本发明的开关式稳压器的电路图；
图2为示意性示出根据本发明的软启动控制电路的图；
图3为示意性示出根据本发明的第一软启动信号输出电路的图；以及
图4为示意性示出根据本发明的第二软启动信号输出电路的图。
具体实施方式
以下将描述根据本发明的具有软启动功能的开关式稳压器。图1为示意性示出开关式稳压器的电路图。
该开关式稳压器包括电源电压源101、用于控制开关式稳压器的开关式稳压器控制IC 102、用于平滑电路的线圈109以及用于该平滑电路的输出电容器111。该电源电压源101连接到开关式稳压器控制IC 102的电源端子103，线圈109的一端连接到控制端子108，线圈109的另一端连接到输出电压端子110，地端子113接地。此外，输出电压端子110通过输出电容器111接地。
根据如上所述的开关式稳压器，通过开关式稳压器控制IC 102将从电源电压源101通过电源端子103输入的输入电压转换为脉冲状输出电压。脉冲状输出电压被施加到由线圈109和输出电容器111构成的平滑电路并被该平滑电路平均化。
此外，开关式稳压器控制IC 102包括充当开关元件的输出级的NMOS晶体管112，输出级的PMOS晶体管104，用于分割开关式稳压器控制IC 102的输出电压的泄流电阻器107，用于将所分割的输出电压与参考电压进行比较并对它们进行放大的跨导放大器误差信号放大器106，用于将比较结果作为电压的跨导放大器输出电阻器115，三角波发生电路105，用于比较跨导放大器误差信号放大器106的输出电压与三角波发生电路105的输出电压并输出PWM波形的PWM比较器117，软启动控制电路116，和缓冲器118。
根据如上所述的开关式稳压器控制IC 102，开关式稳压器控制IC 102的输出电压被反馈以便被进一步分割，然后被输入到跨导放大器误差信号放大器106。还将参考电压输入该跨导放大器误差信号放大器106。对所分割的输出电压和参考电压进行相互比较以对其进行放大。将放大结果和三角波发生电路105的输出电压都输入到PWM比较器117中以将其进行相互比较。作为比较结果，输出PWM波形。将PWM波形和软启动控制电路116的输出电压都输入缓冲器118。在软启动控制电路116的控制下，将通过缓冲器118获得的PWM波形输入到NMOS晶体管112的栅电极和PMOS晶体管104的栅电极的每一个。基于那时获得的栅电极的电压值，在执行开关之后，将来自电源端子103的输入电压输出到输出电压端子110。
接着将描述软启动控制电路116。图2为示意性示出软启动控制电路116的图。
软启动控制电路116包括用于输出实现软启动功能的信号的软启动信号输出电路201，电阻器218，用于将输出的信号与电阻器218的电压进行比较并对它们进行放大的运算放大器202，NMOS晶体管219，每个均充当电流镜电路的PMOS晶体管203和204，每个均充当电流镜电路的NMOS晶体管215、216和217，电阻器205、206和208，用于相互比较两个预定电压并输出用于控制PMOS晶体管104的信号的比较器214，以及与PMOS晶体管104一起充当电流镜电路的PMOS晶体管210。
这里假定，PMOS晶体管203和PMOS晶体管204之间的镜像比为1∶1，NMOS晶体管215、NMOS晶体管216和NMOS晶体管217之间的镜像比为1∶1∶1，PMOS晶体管210和PMOS晶体管104之间的镜像比为1∶M。
根据如上所述的软启动控制电路116，从软启动控制电路201输出电压，并将这样输出的电压和由电阻器218产生的电压均输入到运算放大器202。然后，相互比较并放大那些电压以将其输出，然后将其输入到NMOS晶体管219的栅电极。结果，NMOS晶体管219输出电流Iref，电流Iref流经电阻器218。通过下式计算那时获得的电流Iref，其中假定用V1表示软启动信号输出电路201的输出电压，且电阻器218的电阻值表示为R1。
Iref＝V1/R1                       ...(1)
通过电流镜电路，该电流Iref也流经电阻器205和206。
由于PMOS晶体管210和PMOS晶体管104之间的镜像比为1∶M，因此流经PMOS晶体管210的电流和流经PMOS晶体管104的电流Idrv的电流值之比也是1∶M。因此，使电流Idrv的1/M的电流流过电阻器208。
因此，通过下式计算比较器214的正端子处的电压Vp，其中假定电源电压由V表示，电阻器205的电阻值由R2表示。
Vp＝V-Iref×R2                 ...  (2)
此外，通过下式计算比较器214的负端子处的电压Vn，其中假定电阻器206的电阻值由R3表示，且电阻器208的电阻值由R4表示。
Vn＝V-(Iref×R3+(Idrv/M)×R4)    ...(3)
在这种情况下，通过利用了PMOS晶体管210的比较器214，探测到流经PMOS晶体管104的电流。
在流经PMOS晶体管104的电流Idrv小于电流限制值Idrvlim的情况下，设定电阻器205、206和208的电阻值，使得比较器214输出低电平信号。在电流Idrv等于或大于电流限制值Idrvlim的情况下，比较器214输出高电平信号(过电流探测信号)。在如下条件下计算那时获得的电流限制值Idrvlim。
Vp＝Vn                            ...(4)
此外，通过下式计算电流限制值Idrvlim。
Idrvlim＝(R2-R3)×M×Iref/R4    ...  (5)
在电流Idrv等于或大于电流限制值Idrvlim的情况下，比较器214输出高电平信号。通过缓冲器118将这样输出的信号输入到PMOS晶体管104的栅电极。PMOS晶体管104响应于该信号而关断。
接着将描述软启动信号输出电路201。图3为示意性示出根据本发明的第一软启动信号输出电路的图。
软启动信号输出电路201包括参考电压源301、NMOS晶体管306以及由电阻器303和电容器305构成的低通滤波器。参考电压源301通过NMOS晶体管306的沟道和低通滤波器连接到软启动信号输出端子304。
根据如上所述的软启动信号输出电路201，当打开电源之后NMOS晶体管306导通时，软启动信号输出端子304的输出电压在基于低通滤波器的时间常数确定的时间周期期间逐渐变化到参考电压源301的电压。因此，根据公式(1)和(5)，电流Iref和电流限制值Idrvlim也是逐渐变化的。在电流Iref和电流限制值Idrvlim变化的时间周期期间，运行软启动功能。
应当注意，软启动信号输出电路201的构造不限于参考图3所述的构造。或者，可以采用后面描述的构造。图4为示意性示出根据本发明的第二软启动信号输出电路的图。
软启动信号输出电路201a包括参考电压源401，NMOS晶体管408，电流源402，电容器407和NMOS晶体管404。参考电压源401通过NMOS晶体管408的沟道连接到软启动信号输出端子406。此外，电流源402的输出端子连接到NMOS晶体管408的栅电极、电容器407的一端和NMOS晶体管404的漏电极，电容器407的另一端接地，NMOS晶体管404的源电极接地。
根据如上所述的软启动信号输出电路201a，当打开电源之后NMOS晶体管404关断时，电容器407被电流源402充电。结果，使NMOS晶体管408的栅极电压升高。随着栅极电压的升高，NMOS晶体管408逐渐导通，并且在基于电流源402和电容器407确定的时间周期期间软启动信号输出端子406的输出电压逐渐变为参考电压源401的电压。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有软启动功能的开关式稳压器，包括：
输出级开关元件；
用于探测流经所述开关元件的电流的探测电路；以及
控制电路，当流经所述开关元件的所述电流等于或大于电流限制值时，所述控制电路控制所述开关元件使之关断，以限制流经所述开关元件的电流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关式稳压器，还包括电流限制值控制电路，用于在打开电源时逐渐增大所述电流限制值。
CNA2007101095070A 2006-06-27 2007-06-27 开关式稳压器 Pending CN101106325A (zh)

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CN103207636A (zh) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-17 国民技术股份有限公司 一种用于提供低噪声带隙基准电压源的电路
CN103207636B (zh) * 2012-01-17 2015-12-02 国民技术股份有限公司 一种用于提供低噪声带隙基准电压源的电路

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JP2008011585A (ja) 2008-01-17
US7705578B2 (en) 2010-04-27

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