CN101099742A - 能够减少皮肤刺激的睾酮凝胶制剂 - Google Patents
能够减少皮肤刺激的睾酮凝胶制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种睾酮凝胶制剂,由睾酮、增稠剂、渗透剂、溶剂、pH调节剂和水组成,该睾酮凝胶制剂能在保证有效性的前提下,使人体皮肤更耐受,刺激性几乎没有,为临床上给睾酮水平低下者补充睾酮提供了一种更安全和有效的产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及睾酮经皮给药剂型,特别是睾酮的一种凝胶制剂。
背景技术
人体的内源性雄性激素,睾酮和二氢睾酮,能够促进男性性器官的正常生长和发育,并维持和促进男性第二性征的发育。这些第二性征包括:男性体毛的生长,喉部增大,声带加厚,身体肌肉组织的变化,脂肪分布,前列腺,精囊,和阴囊的生长和成熟。
雄性激素还能够促进青春期的生长和加速线性骨骼生长。根据报告,雄性激素能够加速蛋白质的合成代谢,减慢分解代谢。还有证据显示,雄性激素通过促进血红蛋白的形成,促进血红细胞的生长。
男性性腺机能低下是由于睾丸间质细胞分泌的睾酮不足引起的。分为原发和继发性。原发性性腺机能低下与睾丸功能紊乱有关(约占男性的5%)。较少见的原因是克氏综合症,肌强直性营养不良、多腺功能不全、性腺发育不良和无睾症。自体免疫睾丸功能失调、睾丸辐射、外科手术或者硬伤,睾丸捩转和感染也可能引起睾酮不足。继发性性腺机能低下是由于对潜在正常的睾丸刺激不足而引起的。原因可能与腺体(下丘脑或垂体)有关,包括GnRH分泌不足、游离FSH或LH不足、后天促性腺激素不足,催乳激素分泌肿瘤、以及严重的系统疾病、尿毒症和血色素沉着症等。
男性体内睾酮分泌量不足或不够使血清睾酮浓度不能维持在正常水平。与此情况相关的一些症状包括:性欲减退,情绪变化,男性第二性征退化和疲乏。长期的性机能减退有可能导致骨质疏松。
据世界卫生组织调查,男性出现的性功能障碍在世界范围内呈上升趋势。在我国就有近一亿名患者。40岁到49岁的男性中,不同程度的性功能障碍的患病率为32.8%,50岁到59岁为36.4%,60岁到69岁为74.2%,70岁以上则为86.3%。
目前,治疗男性性腺功能低下的睾酮替代疗法的药品能够制成肌肉注射液、皮下植入丸剂、经皮吸收贴剂或口服片剂。每种给药途径都有其自身特定的优点和缺点。例如,皮下丸剂植入和肌肉注射治疗是疼痛,并且需去医院诊。口服制剂存在人们共识的肝脏首过致使生物利用度低的问题。而经皮吸收贴剂则达不到动力学要求的血药浓度,并且有皮肤过敏和刺激情况。
发明内容
为解决皮肤过敏和刺激的问题,本发明提供一种睾酮凝胶制剂。
本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂,由重量含量0.01%~2.0%的睾酮、0.3%~2.0%的卡波姆、0.1%~5.0%的渗透剂、50%~85%的溶剂、0.05%~1.0%的pH调节剂和余量的水组成。
其中睾酮含量优选0.5%~2.0%、卡波姆含量优选0.5%~3.0%、渗透剂含量优选0.5%~3.0%、溶剂含量优选60%~80%、pH调节剂含量优选0.1%~0.5%。
本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂,其渗透剂选自氮酮或油酸,优选氮酮;溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇或者以上各种溶剂的混合物,优选乙醇;pH调节剂选自三乙醇胺、2,6-二异丙基苯胺或者2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇,优选三乙醇胺。
本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂,优选的配方是由重量含量0.5%~2.0%的睾酮、0.5~1.0%的卡波姆、0.5%~3.0%的氮酮、60%~80%的乙醇、0.1%~0.5%的三乙醇胺和余量的水组成。
本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂,最优选的配方是由重量含量1%的睾酮、0.6%的卡波姆、1%的氮酮、73%的乙醇、0.2%的三乙醇胺和余量的水组成。
本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂是无色透明的水醇凝胶制剂,在透皮给药试验中显示一次给药后可持续透皮释放睾酮达24小时,而且血液中药物浓度非常平稳,类似于生理性的内源性睾酮;在皮肤刺激性试验中显示几乎无皮肤刺激性。
显然,本发明所提供的睾酮凝胶制剂既能满足了治疗效果的血药浓度,又能解决了皮肤刺激副作用问题,具有较好的临床应用前景。
下面结合实施例从药剂学、体外动力学和毒理学来进一步说明本发明。
附图说明
图1:三批睾酮凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透曲线[平均累积透过量Q(μg/cm2)~时间(h)]
具体实施方式
实施例1睾酮凝胶制备
配方1:睾酮重量含量为1%
每100g凝胶用量
睾酮 1.0g
卡波姆940 0.6g
氮酮 1.0g
三乙醇胺 0.1~0.25g
95%乙醇 72.5g
蒸馏水 至100g
制备方法:将卡波姆撒于适量蒸馏水中,充分溶胀后,依次加入乙醇、睾酮和氮酮并搅拌均匀,然后加入三乙醇胺调节pH值5.0~6.2,最后加入蒸馏水至足量。
按照该法制备了三批成品,批号分别为051026、051027和051028。
经检测,该配方制备的成品性状为无色透明均匀的凝胶,pH值为5.8(取本品2g,加20ml水,依中国药典2005年版规定测定),微生物限度符合中国药典规定,杂质总量(HPLC法)小于0.1%,含量99%(HPLC法)。
实施例 2睾酮凝胶制备
配方2:睾酮重量含量为1%
每100g凝胶用量
睾酮 1.0g
卡波姆940 0.6g
油酸 2.0g
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇 0.06~0.15g
95%乙醇 65g
丙二醇 10g
蒸馏水 至100g
制备方法:在预先配制的卡波姆基质中缓慢滴加2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇调节pH5.0~6.2,边加边搅拌,之后加入适量乙醇研匀得卡波姆溶液;另取睾酮、油酸溶于适量乙醇中,缓慢加入卡波姆溶液中搅匀,然后加入丙二醇,最后加入蒸馏水至足量。
实施例3体外透皮吸收试验:
供试品:按照实施例1方法制备的睾酮凝胶三批,批号分别为051026、051027和051028。(1)取成年雄性大鼠,处死后剥离腹部皮肤,用5%硫化钠-生理盐水溶液去毛,去除皮下脂肪及黏液组织后生理盐水洗净,置于生理盐水中于冰箱(-20℃)冷冻保存。实验前自然解冻,并且鼠皮不得有任何损伤。
(2)透皮吸收扩散装置采用垂直式的Franz扩散池,主要技术参数:透皮扩散面积1.2cm2,接收池体积17ml,控温精度<±0.3℃,电磁搅拌调速范围100~400rpm。
(3)将经处理后的大鼠皮肤固定于渗透扩散装置的扩散室与接收室之间,角质层朝上。称取凝胶样品3g均匀涂于皮肤表面;在接收室内注入已恒温至32℃的乙醇-生理盐水(3∶7)接收液17ml,并排走气泡,液面恰与皮肤内层接触;立即开动电磁搅拌器和恒温水浴,保持200rpm恒速搅拌和32℃恒温;分别于设定时间取出全部样液,并置换等体积予先恒温的新鲜接收液,排除气泡。用HPLC分析计算药物浓度及累积渗透量Q(μg/cm2),以累积渗透量Q对时间t(h)进行线性回归,得体外渗透动力学方程,求算透皮速率常数J(μg/cm2·h)。
(4)试验结果:依上述确定的体外经皮渗透试验方法,对三批研制品体外经皮渗透行为进行考察,其中经皮渗透试验的取样时间设定为1、2、4、6、8和12h,于各时间点检测药物透过量,计算累积药物浓度,分别求算其Q~t回归方程及透皮速率常数J,绘制经皮渗透曲线,结果见表1、2及附图1所示。
表1 三批睾酮凝胶体外经皮渗透试验结果 n=5
时间(h) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 |
051026批累积透过量Q(μg/cm2) | ||||||
12345平均 | 141.12154.864.64196.1297.95130.93 | 298.64313.84161.41368.19231.25274.67 | 589.13575.86342.65659.23486.46530.67 | 804.33799.48514.00910.19727.38751.08 | 1048.41999.08693.361128.53947.73963.42 | 1457.781341.381014.281503.421328.891329.15 |
051027批累积透过量Q(μg/cm2) | ||||||
12345平均 | 59.3386.2376.75152.996.7394.39 | 155.94216.02192.84309.2226.66220.13 | 368.76496.89445.56565.11476.08470.48 | 573.33695.65667.59784.86713.06686.90 | 775.05873.84871.11980.32929.86886.04 | 1082.971268.041181.561317.241303.871230.74 |
051028批累积透过量Q(μg/cm2) | ||||||
1234 | 60.7795.31150.76188.26 | 160.44223.16304.58355.16 | 363.67466.81557.84634.20 | 572.32698.50774.72876.57 | 765.60913.22968.861085.83 | 1062.121281.321299.871449.15 |
5平均 | 77.72114.56 | 195.79247.83 | 453.68495.24 | 679.07720.24 | 886.67924.04 | 1204.091259.31 |
表2体外经皮渗透Q~t回归方程
样品批号 | Q~t回归方程 | J(μg/cm2·h) | r |
051026051027051028 | Q=108.7069t+65.4318Q=103.6818t+27.8634Q=104.5503t+51.8433 | 108.7103.7104.6 | 0.99680.99650.9958 |
结论:供试品中的睾酮透过皮肤的扩散符合Q~t零级释药方程,预示应用于人体后可以获得治疗目的的药物动力学曲线。
实施例4皮肤刺激性试验:
以凡士林为同体对照品,在家兔体表皮肤进行睾酮凝胶(批号:051028)及其赋形剂的局部给药,每天1次,连续4周。选用普通级新西兰家兔,体重:2.2-2.6kg,动物数、性别:共10只,全部雄性。
给药方法:体两侧胸腹部皮肤局部敷涂。给药前24hr将家兔背部脊椎两侧毛脱掉,每侧面积约3×3cm,避免划伤皮肤。将睾酮凝胶或赋形剂各1g分别涂于给药组、赋形剂组动物的右侧裸露皮肤区,左侧涂1g凡士林,涂药部位用二层纱布(2.5cm×2.5cm)和一层PVC薄膜覆盖,再用无刺激性胶布或绷带加以固定,贴敷时间为4小时。贴敷结束后,搽除药物并用温水清洁给药部位。
表3为皮肤刺激强度评价,试验结果见表4给药结束后观察记分表。除给药组1例动物凡士林侧有红斑外,余未见异常。
结论:试验结果未发现供试品对家兔皮肤有局部刺激性。
表3皮肤刺激强度评价
分值 | 强度 |
0-0.490.5-2.993.0-5.996.0-8.0 | 无刺激性轻度刺激性中度刺激性强度刺激性 |
表4给药结束后观察记分表
组别 | 动物 | 1hr | 24hr | 48hr | 72hr | |||||
红斑 | 水肿 | 红斑 | 水肿 | 红斑 | 水肿 | 红斑 | 水肿 | |||
赋形剂组 | 凡士林侧 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
赋形剂侧 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
给药组 | 凡士林侧 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
给药侧 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例5
皮肤过敏性试验:
Buehler试验方法(BT试验)已被认为是可信的评估致敏性的试验,己被广泛用于药物、化妆品的潜在致敏性研究。以凡士林和2,4-二硝基氯苯为对照品,睾酮凝胶(批号:051028)及其赋形剂在豚鼠体表局部多次致敏给药后(隔7天致敏接触1次,共3次),于末次致敏后14天进行激发,观察到局部过敏反应。
选用普通级白色成年体重250克左右豚鼠:动物数、性别:共60只,其中40
20♀;本试验设阴性(凡士林)对照、睾酮凝胶、赋形剂、及阳性对照4个组别,阴性、阳性对照组每组10只动物(雌雄各半),2个供试品组每组20只动物(雌雄比例为1∶3)。
给药途径、方法:致敏接触采用皮肤局部封闭涂皮,于给药后以2层纱布和PVC薄膜覆盖,以医用胶布固定,封闭6小时后,除去覆盖物。激发接触时不用覆盖。给药容量:供试品及凡士林组,每次每只0.5g左右,阳性组每次每只0.5ml。给药次数:于第1、8、15天3次致敏接触,于第29天激发给药,如不能判别结果,则在第36天再次激发。给药部位:致敏接触-左侧胸腹部皮肤,激发-右侧胸腹部皮肤。于给药前1天去除给药部位被毛,裸露皮肤约3×3cm,避免划伤皮肤。
于1、24、48和72小时进行结果观察,按表5进行皮肤过敏反应强度评分。动物激发后反应均值和致敏率情况见表6。
结论:根据观察结果,除阳性组在激发后出现中度过敏反应外,其余各组均未见局部过敏反应,未观察到供试品的局部用药过敏反应。
表5皮肤过敏反应评分标准
皮肤反应 | 分信 |
红斑形成:无红斑轻度红斑中度红斑重度红斑水肿性红斑水肿形成:无水肿轻度水肿中度水肿重度水肿 | 012340123 |
总积分 | 7 |
表6激发后反应均值和致敏率
观察指标 | 反应均值 | 致敏率(%) | |
凡士林组 | 1hr | 0 | 0 |
24hr | 0 | 0 | |
48hr | 0 | 0 | |
72hr | 0 | 0 | |
赋形剂组 | 1hr | 0 | 0 |
24hr | 0 | 0 | |
48hr | 0 | 0 | |
72hr | 0 | 0 | |
睾酮组 | 1hr | 0 | 0 |
24hr | 0 | 0 | |
48hr | 0 | 0 | |
72hr | 0 | 0 | |
阳性组 | 1hr | 1.2 | 40 |
24hr | 0.9 | 30 | |
48hr | 0.8 | 40 | |
72hr | 0.2 | 20 |
Claims (8)
1.一种睾酮凝胶制剂,由重量含量0.01%~2.0%的睾酮、0.3%~2.0%的卡波姆、0.1%~5.0%的渗透剂、50%~85%的溶剂、0.05%~1.0%的pH调节剂和余量的水组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是由重量含量0.5%~2.0%的睾酮、0.5~1.0%的卡波姆、0.5%~3.0%的渗透剂、60%~80%的溶剂、0.1%~0.5%的pH调节剂和余量的水组成。
3.如权利要求1所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是渗透剂选自氮酮、油酸或者其混合物;溶剂选自乙醇、异丙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇或者以上溶剂的混合物;pH调节剂选自三乙醇胺、2,6-二异丙基苯胺或者2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是渗透剂为氮酮。
5.如权利要求1所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是溶剂为乙醇。
6.如权利要求1所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是pH调节剂为三乙醇胺。
7.如权利要求2所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是由重量含量0.5%~2.0%的睾酮、0.5~1.0%的卡波姆、0.5%~3.0%的氮酮、60%~80%的乙醇、0.1%~0.5%的三乙醇胺和余量的水组成。
8.如权利要求7所述的睾酮凝胶制剂,其特征是其特征是由重量含量1%的睾酮、0.6%的卡波姆、1%的氮酮、73%的乙醇、0.2%的三乙醇胺和余量的水组成。
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CN109276539A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-29 | 北京海霞润月更年期综合症医学研究院 | 一种睾酮凝胶及制备方法 |
CN110613679A (zh) * | 2011-05-15 | 2019-12-27 | 埃瑟尔斯生物医药有限公司 | 控释鼻腔睾酮凝胶、用于经鼻给药的方法和预充式多剂量施药器系统 |
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CN110613679A (zh) * | 2011-05-15 | 2019-12-27 | 埃瑟尔斯生物医药有限公司 | 控释鼻腔睾酮凝胶、用于经鼻给药的方法和预充式多剂量施药器系统 |
CN109276539A (zh) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-29 | 北京海霞润月更年期综合症医学研究院 | 一种睾酮凝胶及制备方法 |
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