CN101092818A - Method for lowering water by combining phreatic water in footing groove with artesian aquifer - well stratifications - Google Patents
Method for lowering water by combining phreatic water in footing groove with artesian aquifer - well stratifications Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates a method for combined precipitation with pit phreatic water and aquifer layers including the following steps: applying one well structure to a precipitation well, closing a controllable water valve when evacuating the phreatic water, analyzing 3-D underground water seep to determine limit elements, pumped volume and influence radius, when the dig reaches to a water-isolation layer, the water in the aquifer layer is pumped to reduce water pressure to determine the dig depth, water-pump volume, orifice of wells, numbers, the influence radius of water power fall and sedimentation of surrounding ground using a method for computing limit elements determined based on 3-D underground water seepage and ground sedimentation based on plane diameters of the pit, dig depth, embedded depth of underground wall and structure condition of the aquifer layer.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of job practices of underground engineering construction technical field, specifically is the method that precipitation is united in a kind of foundation ditch diving and artesian aquifer one well layering.
Background technology
Underground construction such as foundation ditch in the soft foundation of phreatic high dig, and maximum problem is because phreatic existence can cause the problem of foundation ditch hole ground swell water etc. in the construction.Therefore, adopting well point or heavy caliber pipe well artificial dewatering is using always and effective method in the excavation of foundation pit construction.The method of excavation of foundation pit generally adopts the dry type excavation, and the water that promptly will need earlier to excavate in the soil body is partly drained (keeping groundwater table at the following 1m of excavation face), and then the method for cutting the earth.In addition, when the cutting depth of foundation ditch is bigger, the water barrier between excavation back water table aquifer and the artesian aquifer becomes very thin, the pressure that the deadweight of the remaining water barrier of substrate can not the balance artesian water and quicksand or failure by piping take place.At this moment need adopt the method that reduces the artesian aquifer head, to reduce the foundation ditch risk.Extract the foundation pit dewatering problem of diving under water with artesian water simultaneously for this need, following two kinds of precipitation method dewatering are arranged: first method is the twin-well precipitation method; Second method is a well precipitation method.So-called twin-well precipitation method is a gang of wells to water table aquifer (or difficult pervious layer) to be set earlier be used for drainage shallow-layer diving, and this well is called as the drainage well; When excavation face during near artesian aquifer, the groundwater pressure head that one group of heavy caliber pipe well is used to reduce artesian aquifer is set in addition again, this well is called as pressure reduction well.A so-called well precipitation method is one group of large-diameter pipe gang of wells directly to be set be used for drainage shallow-layer diving and the groundwater pressure head that reduces artesian aquifer simultaneously.But when the pit maintenance soil water-stopping structure can not pass through whole artesian aquifers (being that artesian aquifer is communicated with) inside and outside foundation ditch, the decline of the underground flood peak of the artesian aquifer around the precipitation in the foundation ditch can make can reach place far away.Because consolidation, consolidation settlement can take place in ground on every side; Precipitation time is long more, and sedimentation is big more, and this will cause environmental problem.It is short that above-mentioned comparatively speaking first method extracts the time of artesian aquifer, little than second method to the influence of environment; But owing to having increased by one group of well operating expenses is multiplied more, not too economical.A good construction technology not only should be reduced to bottom line with the influence to environment, and should satisfy the requirement of economy.
Through existing technical literature retrieval is found, application number is 200610086139.8, the name of patent application is called " large area soft ground treatment separated layer and time electroosmotic precipitation union vacuum precipitation method ", this technology adopts layering to divide all over the electroosmosis dewatering union vacuum precipitation method, is applied to the consolidation process of large tracts of land subgrade.This method is arranged electric osmose well point pipe electroosmosis dewatering in deep layer, shallow-layer arranges that the vacuum well point pipe vacuumizes precipitation, deep layer electric osmose well point pipe is arranged at interval with shallow-layer vacuum well point pipe, divide and carry out dewatering construction twice: last all over adopting deep layer electric osmose well point pipe precipitation, back one omnipresence electroosmosis dewatering construction area adopts shallow-layer vacuum well point pipe precipitation.This precipitation method well quantity is many, it is less to handle the degree of depth, and the construction costs height is confined to the precipitation consolidation process of soft foundation, is not suitable for foundation pit dewatering.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, the method of a kind of foundation ditch diving and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is proposed, make it at the foundation pit dewatering project that constitutes by water table aquifer-water barrier-artesian aquifer, realize using the drainage of a bite well solution diving and the step-down problem of artesian water.And can avoid precipitation to surrounding environment influence as far as possible.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) the precipitation well adopts a well, and the degree of depth reaches artesian aquifer, and the filter pipe of precipitation well divides the two sections design, and last filter pipe is positioned at phreatic aquifer, drainage diving, and following filter pipe is positioned at artesian aquifer, reduces pressure-bearing and contains water pressure; Water barrier adopts well casing to connect filter pipe up and down.
Water barrier in well casing is installed controlled sealing valve, is used for isolating diving and artesian water at a well.
Described controlled sealing valve cuts out the pressure in the controlled sealing valve maintenance artesian water when drainage is dived under water; When the needs dewatering confined water, open controlled sealing valve.
Close controlled sealing valve when (2) drainage is dived under water, to keep the hydraulic pressure in the artesian aquifer.Keep foundation ditch and the water level in the artesian aquifer on every side thereof like this, do not have unstable seepage flow in the artesian aquifer and take place, the outer ground of foundation ditch can not sink when drainage is dived under water.
(3) in planning to build the place, beat the several mouthfuls of complete penetration of wells that pass water table aquifer, carry out open-air pumping test, pump-out when determining the phreatic well drainage and influence basin are determined by three-dimensional Analysis of Groundwater Seepage Flow finite element software, and the diving pump-out and the radius of influence to determine.
(4) be deep into water barrier when excavation, the thickness of water barrier from the excavation face to the artesian water top board is not enough to resist the artesian aquifer head and exists prominent when gushing danger, open controlled sealing valve, will put into hypomere precipitation well under the vacuum pump, the water in the extraction artesian aquifer is to reduce hydraulic pressure.
(5) according to the buried depth of the planar dimension of foundation ditch, cutting depth, subterranean wall, the aquifer structural environment; Bore, quantity, the radius of influence of hydraulic slope and the surface settlement on every side of the cutting depth the when method of the FEM (finite element) calculation that application is determined based on three-dimensional seepage action of ground water and surface settlement is determined dewatering confined water, pump-out, well.
Should consider the resistance effect of the native structure of retaining such as diaphragm wall in the calculating, and the above-mentioned relevant parameter that will determine is as the foundation of determining artesian water dewatering construction scheme.
The FEM (finite element) calculation that described three-dimensional seepage action of ground water and surface settlement are determined, step is as follows:
1) the modeling scope of finite element: cross-directional length is greater than (L
1+ 2R) rice, width is greater than (L
w+ 2R) rice, vertical direction should be greater than (H
Cp+ H
Cd1+ H
Cf+ H
Cd2) rice, wherein be L
1Foundation ditch length, L
wBe the foundation ditch width, R is the radius of influence, H
CpBe the thickness of phreatic aquifer, H
Cd1Be the thickness of first water barrier, H
CfBe the thickness of artesian aquifer, H
Cd2Be the thickness of second water barrier.
2) primary condition is set: the underground water level of phreatic aquifer is set at initial head, and the pressure head of each artesian aquifer is the initial head of each artesian aquifer; Initial head in the water barrier is identical with the head of position artesian aquifer thereon.
3) fringe conditions is set in the calculating: constant head is adopted in the periphery and the bottom of calculating the field.
4) grid dividing: on the plane grid dividing should be around the foundation ditch in 20 meters scopes with comparatively tiny grid, outwards amplify gradually.
Described grid, vertical division should be even.
5) dry point of Ji Suaning: the amount that underground water is taked in the calculating is respectively by the distribution of grid cell node;
Described distribution of pressing the grid cell node, when drainage was dived under water, the no water yield was distributed on the node of artesian aquifer; During the artesian water step-down, close the water yield node in the water table aquifer.
6) with the drawdown scope on stratum on every side in the above-mentioned model calculating groundwater mining process and the scope of sedimentation and deformation, dewatering construction schemes such as the bore of the cutting depth when determining dewatering confined water, pump-out, well and pipe well quantity.
The present invention adopts well layering associating precipitation scheme for the precipitation problem in the excavation of foundation pit that artesian aquifer is arranged down.In pump process, environmental factor is on every side considered, can in the precipitation process, can be reduced influence to greatest extent surrounding environment.Dewatering construction schemes such as the bore of the cutting depth when simultaneously, application is determined dewatering confined water based on the foundation deformation analysis finite element model of three-dimensional seepage action of ground water theory, pump-out, well and quantity.Compare with existing job practices, adopt this method, can reduce by 1/3～1/2 well spacing quantity, save 30～50% dewatering construction expense, excavation construction efficient also has raising to some extent, and economic benefit is very remarkable.The present invention is applicable to foundation ditch that contains water table aquifer-water barrier-artesian aquifer and the dewatering project that needs step-down water head.
Description of drawings
The plan view of Fig. 1 foundation ditch modeling scope
The profile of Fig. 2 foundation ditch modeling degree of depth
Fig. 3 foundation ditch three-dimensional finite element mesh
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with the technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment is an example with the foundation pit dewatering project at iron station, somewhere, Shanghai.
Subway station, Shanghai is underground two-layer, main body is three layer two strides (local three layer three stride, two layer two stride) monolithic reinforced concrete structure.Station agent structure length is 313.5 meters, and wide is 22.8 meters.This station pit divides two zone excavations, and cutting depth is 22.39 meters of southern end wells, 23.01 meters of northern end wells, 21.06～22.26 meters of standard paragraphs.The employing diaphragm wall is gone along with sb. to guard him, 36.50 meters of the diaphragm wall degree of depth.The engineering place is distributed with diving and artesian water.Phreatic aquifer mainly is made of silty soil, 1.2 meters of depth to water; 19.59～23.03 meters of artesian aquifer buried depth of top surface, 10.5～41.80 meters of thickness, soil property is based on the grey sandy silt, and artesian head is about 4.5 meters; Be distributed with thick 9.0～12.0 meters cohesive soil water barrier between phreatic aquifer and the artesian aquifer.In this project when construction, need the underground water in the drainage phreatic aquifer, and reduce the artesian aquifer water level to below the excavation of foundation pit bottom surface 0.5～1.5 meter.Because the base pit engineering at this station is positioned at the business district, Shanghai, the surrounding enviroment complexity, underground utilities and above ground structure are more, therefore should reduce the influence of precipitation to surrounding environment as far as possible.Foundation pit dewatering adopts the diving drainage of a well layering and the associating precipitation scheme of artesian water step-down.Specific embodiments is as follows.
As shown in Figure 1, the precipitation well adopts a well, determines that according to calculating its well casing diameter is 250m, wall thickness 3mm, and length is 9.0～12.0 meters.The diameter of filter pipe is identical with well casing; The epimere filter pipe places water table aquifer, and its length is suitable with water table aquifer thickness, is 8～11 meters; The hypomere filter pipe places artesian aquifer, and length is 8 meters.The degree of depth of pipe well is 28.3～29.3 meters.In well casing (water barrier), board-like controlled sealing valve is installed at about 19.0 meters of the degree of depth.
Three-dimensional finite element modeling:, use the precipitation process in this excavation of foundation pit of the three-dimensional porous medium flow model in porous media of 6eoGlow3D sunykatuib analysis in the precipitation scheme design stage.According to open-air pumping test, the radius of influence that falls diving is about 60 meters, and the influence basin during dewatering confined water reaches 300 meters; For eliminating edge effect, rounding a foundation ditch and 400 meters distances of foundation ditch external boundary is the finite element modeling scope.In fact, under the situation of pump-out greater than the increment of groundwater, because underground water plays pendulum, influence basin can constantly expand the boundary of recharge area along with the continuity of time to.But under the situation of pump-out less than increment, underground water can be stablized gradually, and the radius of influence is less than the border of distance feeding area.Analysis depth is 90 meters, is divided into 12 engineering geology layers.
The plane of modeling scope as shown in Figure 2, the foundation ditch three-dimensional finite element mesh as shown in Figure 3:
Well is two sections at diving with artesian aquifer punishment, and controlled sealing valve is installed and water barrier.The phreatic aquifer groundwater level depth is 1.2 meters, and the head of artesian aquifer is 4.35 meters and 7.5 meters.On the border, phreatic head remains on initial water level.
Close controlled sealing valve, be lowered to QDX3-35-2.2 type submersible pump drainage diving.Calculate through using above-mentioned FEM (finite element) model, need 15 day time to dive under water in the drainage foundation ditch approximately, the individual well water yield is diving 21m
3/ day.At this moment owing to the dash effect of diaphragm wall, foundation ditch does not have sedimentation outward to be taken place.
Use above-mentioned FEM (finite element) model calculating and determine that the water yield of individual well is 80m when taking out artesian water
3/ day, the water yield of foundation ditch are 3000m
3/ day.The foundation ditch domestic demand is provided with the about 36 mouthfuls of controlled associating precipitation of layering wells like this.Calculate and to determine by FEM (finite element) model, when excavation of foundation pit to 10 meter, piping might take place, need carry out the artesian water step-down.At this moment take out original submersible pump earlier, open controlled sealing valve, be lowered to QJ formula diving deep well pump, extract artesian ground water.
After controlled sealing valve is opened, carry out step-down, the precipitation work of artesian water, according to the pump-out of calculate determining,, make the head of artesian water remain on 1 meter degree of depth place under the excavation of foundation pit face by termination of pumping and turn on pump control groundwater table.Be excavated to the foundation ditch bottom surface on the 72nd day, base arrangement construction in the 89th day is finished and is reached requirement of strength, begins shut-in well, and the precipitation task is finished.Observation shows that the head decline scope of artesian aquifer around foundation ditch is 200～300 meters, but the head decline of locating in the close hole outside cheating only is-10.2 meters, and is more much smaller than underground water position decline (24 meters).Though this explanation diaphragm wall is not punched artesian aquifer, its dash effect still clearly.
Use above-mentioned FEM (finite element) model analysis, in draw water at artesian water 75 days, the ground settlement basic controlling around the foundation ditch is in the scope of 10～20 meters on wall, and the outer maximum settlement of wall is about 30mm, and the outer 20 meters sedimentations of foundation ditch are less, only are 5mm in the time of 90 days.And the precipitation method case of diving and artesian ground water is fallen traditional the time, and can make the decline of the outer artesian ground water position of foundation ditch reach 400 meters, the 90 days outer surface settlement scopes of foundation ditch of drawing water reach 25～30 meters, and limit, hole maximum settlement reaches 60～80mm.
By the result of present embodiment as can be known, for the precipitation scheme of the precipitation problem in the excavation of foundation pit that artesian aquifer is arranged down, can save 30～50% expense than traditional foundation pit dewatering scheme; Also the foundation pit dewatering scheme than traditional is little to the influence of surrounding environment for the precipitation process, makes the foundation pit dewatering scheme more reasonable, economical.
Claims (6)
1, the method for a kind of foundation ditch diving and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the precipitation well adopts a well, and the degree of depth reaches artesian aquifer, and the filter pipe of precipitation well divides the two sections design, last filter pipe is positioned at phreatic aquifer, drainage diving, and following filter pipe is positioned at artesian aquifer, reduce pressure-bearing and contain water pressure, water barrier adopts well casing to connect filter pipe up and down;
Close controlled sealing valve when (2) drainage is dived under water, to keep the hydraulic pressure in the artesian aquifer;
(3) beat the several mouthfuls of complete penetration of wells that pass water table aquifer in planning to build the place, carry out open-air pumping test, pump-out when determining the phreatic well drainage and influence basin are determined by three-dimensional Analysis of Groundwater Seepage Flow finite element, and the diving pump-out and the radius of influence to determine;
(4) be deep into water barrier when excavation, the thickness of water barrier from the excavation face to the artesian water top board is not enough to resist the artesian aquifer head and exists prominent when gushing danger, open controlled sealing valve, will put into hypomere precipitation well under the vacuum pump, the water in the extraction artesian aquifer is to reduce hydraulic pressure;
(5) according to the buried depth of the planar dimension of foundation ditch, cutting depth, subterranean wall, the aquifer structural environment; Bore, quantity, the radius of influence of hydraulic slope and the surface settlement on every side of the cutting depth the when method of the FEM (finite element) calculation that application is determined based on three-dimensional seepage action of ground water and surface settlement is determined dewatering confined water, pump-out, well.
2, the method for foundation ditch diving according to claim 1 and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that the water barrier in well casing is installed controlled sealing valve, is used for isolating diving and artesian water at a well.
3, the method for foundation ditch diving according to claim 1 and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that, described controlled sealing valve cuts out the pressure in the controlled sealing valve maintenance artesian water when drainage is dived under water; When the needs dewatering confined water, open controlled sealing valve.
4, the method for foundation ditch diving according to claim 1 and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that, the FEM (finite element) calculation that described three-dimensional seepage action of ground water and surface settlement are determined, and step is as follows:
1) modeling of finite element: cross-directional length is greater than (Ll+2R) rice, width is greater than (Lw+2R) rice, vertical direction should be greater than (Hcp+Hcd1+Hcf+Hcd2) rice, wherein be L1 foundation ditch length, Lw is the foundation ditch width, and R is the radius of influence, Hcp is the thickness of phreatic aquifer, Hcd1 is the thickness of first water barrier, and Hcf is the thickness of artesian aquifer, and Hcd2 is the thickness of second water barrier;
2) primary condition is set: the underground water level of phreatic aquifer is set at initial head, and the pressure head of each artesian aquifer is the initial head of each artesian aquifer; Initial head in the water barrier is identical with the head of position artesian aquifer thereon;
3) fringe conditions is set in the calculating: constant head is adopted in the periphery and the bottom of calculating the field;
4) grid dividing: on the plane grid dividing should be around the foundation ditch grid in 20 meters scopes, outwards amplify gradually;
5) dry point of Ji Suaning: the amount that underground water is taked in the calculating is respectively by the distribution of grid cell node;
6) with drawdown scope and the scope of sedimentation and deformation, the bore of the cutting depth when determining dewatering confined water, pump-out, well and the pipe well quantity dewatering construction scheme on stratum on every side in the above-mentioned model calculating groundwater mining process.
5, the method for foundation ditch diving according to claim 4 and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that, described distribution of pressing the grid cell node, and when drainage was dived under water, the no water yield was distributed on the node of artesian aquifer; During the artesian water step-down, close the water yield node in the water table aquifer.
6, the method for foundation ditch diving according to claim 4 and artesian aquifer one well layering associating precipitation is characterized in that, described grid, and vertical division should be even.
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