CN1010776B - Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizerInfo
- Publication number
- CN1010776B CN1010776B CN89101451A CN89102374A CN1010776B CN 1010776 B CN1010776 B CN 1010776B CN 89101451 A CN89101451 A CN 89101451A CN 89102374 A CN89102374 A CN 89102374A CN 1010776 B CN1010776 B CN 1010776B
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- fertilizer
- organic
- inorganic
- inorganic composite
- composite fertilizer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The present invention relates to organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The compounding ratio of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is calculated according to the weight of dry substances, and the organic fertilizer is 54 to 68 wt%, and the inorganic fertilizer is 32 to 46 wt%. The compounding ratio of manure and animal manure in the organic fertilizer can be mixed by any proportion, and the weight ratios of the dry substances of the manure to the animal manure are usually 25 to 35 wt% and 75 to 65 wt%. The inorganic fertilizer is mainly chemical fertilizer with three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the dosage of the three elements of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the whole organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can be 20 wt% or more than 20 wt% of final compound fertilizer, and the contents of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium are respectively 8 wt%, 6 wt% and 8 wt% at best.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer that utilizes people, animal, poultry manure and small amounts of inorganic chemical fertilizer to make.
Mostly the market practice of modern agriculture production all over the world at present is to depend on a large amount of chemical fertilizer.Sterilant and weedicide, and proved every per mu yield that can increase farm crop greatly already.But short-term just in this effect, proved these methods need annual or more continually the repetitive administration agrochemical substances just can keep high productivity.
Result according to the research report of relevant department shows that after through the concentrated use chemical substance in three to five years, the natural fertility of soil significantly descends along with annual continuous administration chemical substance.The result of this decline has caused annual for keeping high yield must strengthen the amount of application of chemical fertilizer gradually.So just having caused the expense increase and quickened whole declines of soil, finally is in five to ten years, and the value of Agricultural land is all exhausted and being made a gift of to the greatest extent.The obvious poor ridge in some soil becomes barren land, even after abandoning famine, can not grow crop again.The reason that causes this result is many-sided, but major cause is to lack to use the fertilizer that increases the natural soil fertility.Because contain various elements, mineral substance, organic matter and nutrient substance that plant easily absorbs in the fertilizer.Therefore the production of fertilizer comes into one's own.
Some local organic fertilizer production mostly design for handling municipal wastes in recent years.Contain a large amount of rubbish in the fertilizer of this method manufacturing, more particularly be difficult to the chemical preparations that digests, thereby seriously destroyed the ecosystem in farmland, unfavorable to soil, unfavorable to crop growth, the traditional compost method in Asia is to be deposited in together and to place the regular hour with straw, fallen leaves, dish leaf, sawdust and muck etc. to make them be fermented into the fertilizer that is suitable for using in the farmland.Highly beneficial the vegetable mould of this mixed fertilizer in the farmland, but in order to produce this compost, must pile up these materials for a long time, and must constantly mix around here and stir these raw materials, however, these raw materials can not all evenly ferment, but wherein fully not fully fermentation of fermentation another part of a part.Use this compost that two shortcomings are arranged, the amount of being to use is big, and every mu of ground is used always more than ten thousand jin.The 2nd, the nutrient content of this compost can not satisfy the needs of multiple kinds of crops.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer fertilizer that utilizes town and country livestock and poultry manure and small amounts of inorganic chemical fertilizers production.Organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention can be applied to multiple soil and plant variety.
Another object of the present invention is to make the people, animal brid guano innoxious, makes agricultural-food pollution-free, improves urban and rural environment and health state.
In the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention, the fertilizer through fermenting and the proportioning of inorganic fertilizer are in dry matter weight, and it is heavy that fertilizer accounts for 54～68%(), it is heavy that inorganic fertilizer accounts for 32～46%().Human excrement and feces of livestock and poultry proportioning can be mixed by arbitrary proportion in said fertilizer, and human excrement is that 25～35%(is heavy with the dry matter weight ratio of animal dung usually): 75～65%(is heavy).Said inorganic fertilizer mainly is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements chemical fertilizer, and the content that its consumption should make nitrogen in the whole organic-inorganic composite fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium three elements is 20% or higher based on the gross weight of the finished product composite fertilizer, preferably nitrogen (N), phosphorus P
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) content of three elements branch is that 8～6～8%(is heavy in addition).Practice and experimental result show, contain great number of organic matters nutrient substance and inorganic nutrients composition in the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention, be a kind of long-acting, efficient compound fertilizer, and help to keep and recover the natural fertility of the soil of those soil that use this compound manure regularly.
Fig. 1 is the technological process of production figure of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention.1-filter wherein, 2-regulating tank, 3-digester, 4-gas holder, 5-thickner, 6-heating chamber, the compound pond of 7-, 8-drying tower, 9-separator, 10-interchanger, 12-tablets press, 13-packing.
With reference to production procedure shown in Figure 1, can be well understood to very much the production process of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention. At first human faecal mass is mixed (human feces in city is moisture more than 95%) action of forced stirring with poultry dung in the ratio of 75～65 parts of 25～35 parts of ratios (dry weight ratio), with poultry manure and the abundant mixing of human excrement. Import then in the filter (1), the foreign material of the difficult fermentations such as chicken feather are leached, the ight soil after will filtering again is pumped in the regulating tank (2) with solid, continues to be fed in the digester (3) by regulating tank (2). The effect of regulating tank (2) is the liquid level that keeps digester (3), and the raw material that discharged every day from digester is replenished accordingly. For avoiding raw material to ferment in regulating tank, regulating tank should be the normal pressure open type. The raw material that enters digester carries out mesophilic digestion in digester, airtight digester adopts the form of continuous feeding and discharging balance, and digestion time is 10～15 days, and fermentation temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the biogas pressure of generation is about 400mm/H2The O(39.24 millibar) the biogas self-pressure that produces in the digester is sent in the gas tank (4) temporary, light in combustion heating chamber as the energy, the heating dry air makes its temperature reach 250～450 ℃, from digester, export the slaking raw material that accounts for digester volume 15～70% every day, send in the centrifugal thickener (5), isolate 10～30% water, to improve the drying efficiency of ight soil in subsequent step. The raw material of discharging from thickener is through the chemical examination inspection Enter after the survey in the compound pond (7), the purpose that chemical examination detects is to determine that the prescription of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is for reaching required index, in composite fertilizer, add the active ingredient of a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium inorganic fertilizer, after touching the mark, raw material is sent into drying tower (8) with screw pump, through contacting (hot air temperature is 250～450 ℃) with dry air from heating clamber (6), make the moisture vaporization in the raw material, dry thing is directly discharged from the drying tower end opening; Or isolate through cyclone separator (9), both discharge material and together send into disc type or squash type granulator (12), add the light flavor agent granulation that changes, and detect at last packing (13). Telling temperature from cyclone separator (9) is that 70～120 ℃ hot gas is sent into heat exchanger (10) heating and entered the raw material of digester and as keeping the required thermal source of fermentation temperature the digester from regulating tank, so that temperature remains on 20～35 ℃ in the digester, become the high efficiency organic-inorganic compound fertilizer granules behind the solid of discharging from the drying tower end opening and the solid material processed told from cyclone separator, as need not granulate then can be directly with powdered fertilizer as finished product packing.
In organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention, through the fertilizer of fermentation and the proportional quantity of inorganic fertilizer, in dry matter weight, general fertilizer will account for 54～68%, just can make finished product fertilizers reach the content of organic matter more than 20%, fertilizer is less than 54%, will lose characteristics and the effect of organic and inorganic compounding application, so inorganic fertilizer generally accounts for 1/3, be no more than at most 46%. Said fertilizer mainly and rural area rare by city human excrement poultry, brid guano forms, and under normal conditions, various muck can mix by arbitrary proportion mutually, also can single pure human excrement or pure poultry, brid guano be raw material. Consider the rare water content of city excrement generally more than 80% even 98%, contained amount of nutrients also differs greatly, for example nitrogenous can be between 0.045～0.2637%, phosphorous (P2O5) contains between the potassium (K2O) 0.0048～0.0578% between 0.0275～0.0961%. Be advisable to account for 25～35% so the city excrement is rare in the fertilizer, utilize its contained humidity dilution poultry, brid guano fertilizer, make the dry of people, animal, fowl account for 8～10%, moisture accounts for about 90～92%, does not consume clean water during in order to maturation process. Because people, animal, brid guano proportion and nutrient content value thereof are not constant, so fertilizer contained amount of nutrients after dehydrating differs bigger, for example institute is nitrogenous is 1.5～2.5%, and institute phosphorous (P2O5) is 3～6%, and contained potassium (K2O) is 1～1.5%. Said inorganic fertilizer mainly is to add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements chemical fertilizer, and according to the requirement of Different Crop and different soils, by accounting for total restatement, the general chemical nitrogen fertilizer that adds accounts for about 20%, to add urea ammonium sulfate as main; The phosphorus fertilizer that adds accounts for 10～15% of gross weight, take double superhosphate or normal superphosphate as main; The potassium fertilizer that adds accounts for about 10% of gross weight, take potassium sulfate as main. Also can add on a small quantity for improving nutrient content The fertilizer variety of high concentration such as Diammonium phosphate (DAP) etc.
Organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention is applied to various dissimilar soil, then can improve significantly soil fertility and soil environment, organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention can be applied to the farmland for many years, and does not have harmful results of those long-term decay that common nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer causes. Organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention grows up in order to overcome the shortcoming of using common fertilizer to occur in the world wide just in fact.
Suitable Different Crop of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of the present invention and different fertile soil are used, and the concrete prescription of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer sees Table 1 and table 2 when using.
Organic matter 20～25%, nitrogen 8～14%, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 4～10%, potassium (K2O) 4～2%, calcium 2～6%, magnesium 0.2～0.5%, sulphur 0.1～0.4%, iron 800～1200ppm, manganese 30～50ppm, zinc 20～50ppm, copper 3～5ppm, molybdenum 2～3ppm, boron 5～7ppm.
The following examples are to further specify of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the fertilizer and the fertilizing soil of inorganic fertilizer and the effect of production-increasing function that prove that high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is had concurrently, the spy carries out following test.With same soil is matrix, uses down in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements equivalent, is respectively: execute high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer (its N-P-K nutrient content is 8-6-8%); Execute inorganic fertilizer (with double superhosphate, K is with vitriolate of tartar with urea P for N); And do not apply fertilizer (blank).Adopt the plastic tub alms bowl, every basin is contained 3kg soil, rate of fertilizer application is executed N 267mg by every kilogram of soil, P2O5 200mg, K2O 267mg, seedtime, results periods, irrigation management are all carried out under identical conditions, measure cutting and soil analysis, its results are shown in Table 3 and the result of table 4(table 3 and table 4 be the multiple average result 4 times).
Table 3. test fertilising scale
Rate of fertilizer application gram/basin nutrient content milligram/basin remarks are handled in test
N P
2O
5K
2O
Executing high efficiency organic-inorganic 10 800 600 800 organic content is 22%, urine
Composite fertilizer
Execute inorganic 4.52 800 600 800 plain 1.74 grams, double superhosphate
Chemical fertilizer
----1.30 grams that do not apply fertilizer, vitriolate of tartar 1.48 gram
Several different vegetable fertilization effect of table 4. table (1986 annual bearing)
Fertilizer type spinach ※ crowndaisy chrysanthemum ※ ※
Output plant height output plant height
Gram/basin % cm gram/basin % cm
Execute efficiently organic-42.98 126.8 18.63 75.8 130.2 17.7
Inorganic composite fertilizer
Execute inorganic fertilizer 38.8 100.0 18.45 58.2 100.0 15.6
Do not apply fertilizer 19.5 35.3 11.90 31.1 53.4 11.75
※ sowed May 16 and receives on April 9
※ ※ sowed July 10 and receives on May 24
Because the required fertile characteristics difference of different vegetable, the effect of increasing production of using high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is also different, executing under N, P, the K three elements equal nutrient content, use high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer and execute the soil Plantula Brassicae chinensis volume increase 21.97% of inorganic fertilizer, three-coloured amaranth volume increase 7.04%, rape yield increasing 3.02%, cauliflower volume increase 2.08%.
Using high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer and improved utilization rate of fertilizer, is the utilization ratio of example: N to use on crowndaisy chrysanthemum: executing high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer (being called for short " fertilizer " down together) is 28.64%, and executing inorganic fertilizer is 22.39%.The utilization ratio of P: organic fertilizer is 5.93%; Executing inorganic fertilizer is 4.18%; The utilization ratio of K: organic fertilizer is 59.43%, and executing inorganic fertilizer is 39.52%.Wherein the utilization ratio with K is the highest, this also is reflected to the content of K in the vegetables, improve quality of vegetable, become rich potassium food to edible useful, generally execute the master that the content of K in the vegetables of high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is executed inorganic fertilizer: being 2.63% on spinach, is 13.37% on the crowndaisy chrysanthemum, be 7.95% on the three-coloured amaranth, being 9.64% on the fennel, is 4.65% on the cauliflower, is 10.65～2.5% on the rape.
Use high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer and also be reflected to influence soil fertility, after the planting vegetable results, analyze soil organic matter content, the soil organism that the soil organism of executing high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is executed inorganic fertilizer exceeds relatively: the soil of planting spinach is 3.11%, the soil of planting crowndaisy chrysanthemum is 2%, and the soil of planting cauliflower is 1.16～8.96%.
The above results shows to be had under the situation of executing N, P, K equal nutrient content, the soil that the soil of executing high efficiency organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is executed inorganic fertilizer has production-increasing function to vegetables, has improved utilization rate of fertilizer, improves quality of vegetable, and the raising of more favourable soil fertility, the long-term application effect will be more obvious.
Table 1. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements total amount account for 20% different composite fertilizer formula
The organic and inorganic fertilizer of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer respectively accounts for % by weight
Nutrient content %
Organic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer inorganic fertilizer
(N-P2O5-K2O) urea ammonium sulfate is heavily crossed the common potassium peroxydisulfate of phosphorus
Acid calcium calcium phosphate
10-4-6 15.2 10.0 - 10.0 10.8
20.5 8-6-6 54 11.0 9.7 4.5 10.0 10.8
8-8-4 11.0 9.3 9.0 10.0 6.7
10-4-6 16.2 7.5 - 9.5 10.8
21.2 8-6-6 56 12.0 7.2 4.5 9.5 10.8
8-8-4 12.0 6.8 9.0 9.5 6.7
10-4-6 17.0 5.6 - 8.7 10.7
22.0 8-6-6 58 13.5 5.0 4.8 8.0 10.7
8-8-4 13.0 4.9 9.4 8.0 6.7
10-4-6 17.6 3.6 - 8.2 10.6
22.8 8-6-6 60 13.0 4.4 5.0 7.0 10.6
8-8-4 13.2 3.7 9.5 7.0 6.6
10-4-6 17.0 5.0 1.6 3.8 10.0
23.5 8-6-6 62 12.2 5.9 6.3 3.0 10.6
8-8-4 12.8 4.8 10.8 3.0 6.6
10-4-6 17.3 4.0 1.6 2.6 10.5
24.3 8-6-6 64 13.0 4.1 6.4 2.0 10.5
8-8-4 13.2 3.4 10.9 2.0 6.5
10-4-6 18.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 10.5
25.0 8-6-6 66 13.5 2.5 6.5 1.0 10.5
8-8-4 13.9 1.5 11.1 1.0 6.5
10-4-6 18.8 - 1.8 1.0 10.4
25.8 8-6-6 68 14.2 0.7 6.7 - 10.4
8-8-4 14.5 - 11.2 - 6.3
Table 2. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements total amount account for the different composite fertilizer formula more than 20%
The organic and inorganic fertilizer of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer nutrient content % respectively accounts for weight %
Organic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer inorganic fertilizer
(N-P2O5-K2O) urea diammonium phosphate vitriolate of tartar
20.5 12-10-6 54 18.7 16.5 10.8
14-10-4 22.7 16.5 6.8
21.2 11-10-6 56 17.0 16.3 10.7
14-8-4 25.3 12.0 6.7
22.0 11-10-6 58 15.3 16.1 10.6
14-8-4 23.6 11.8 6.6
22.8 10-10-6 60 13.5 15.9 10.6
13-8-4 21.8 11.6 6.6
23.5 10-8-6 62 16.1 11.4 10.5
12-8-4 20.1 11.4 6.5
24.3 9-8-6 64 14.3 11.2 10.5
11-8-4 18.3 11.2 6.5
25.0 9-8-6 66 12.6 11.0 10.4
10-8-4 16.6 11.0 6.4
25.8 8-8-6 68 10.8 10.8 10.4
10-8-4 14.8 10.8 6.4
Claims (5)
1, a kind of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer is characterized in that counting fertilizer by the proportioning of fertilizer after human excrement and the animal dung mixed fermentation and inorganic fertilizer with dry matter weight accounts for 54-68%, and inorganic fertilizer accounts for 32-46%.
2, according to the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein in said fertilizer, human faecal mass is counted 25-35% with the proportioning of feces of livestock and poultry with dry matter weight and is compared 75-65%.
3, according to the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of claim 1.Wherein said inorganic fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements chemical fertilizer, and the amount that its consumption should make N in the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer, P, K three elements is 20% or higher based on the gross weight of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.
4, according to the organic-inorganic composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the addition of the inorganic fertilizer amount that makes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements to be respectively 8-6-8%(based on the gross weight of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer heavy).
5, a kind of manufacture method of organic-inorganic composite fertilizer.This method comprises mixes human feces in city with feces of livestock and poultry, filter then, ight soil after the filtration enters in the digester through regulating tank again and ferments, and leavening temperature is 20～35 ℃, and the time is 10～15 days, pressure is 400mmH2O, in the fermentation back input thickner, isolate the moisture of 10-30%, chemical examination detects then, and add a certain amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium inorganic fertilizer as required and carry out compoundly, send into the dry and system packing of drying tower after compound.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101451A CN1010776B (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101451A CN1010776B (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1036196A CN1036196A (en) | 1989-10-11 |
| CN1010776B true CN1010776B (en) | 1990-12-12 |
Family
ID=4854668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101451A Expired CN1010776B (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1010776B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100577326C (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2010-01-06 | 奥地利钢铁联合企业阿尔卑斯工业设备制造有限公司 | Method and device for commencing a casting process |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384787C (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-04-30 | 浙江林学院 | Active organic carbon fertilizer for improving Lei bamboo garden soil and its application method |
| CN108551829A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-21 | 天水市农业科学研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of Chinese cabbage type winter rape |
-
1989
- 1989-04-20 CN CN89101451A patent/CN1010776B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100577326C (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2010-01-06 | 奥地利钢铁联合企业阿尔卑斯工业设备制造有限公司 | Method and device for commencing a casting process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1036196A (en) | 1989-10-11 |
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