CN101072944A - 水流推动的发电设备 - Google Patents

水流推动的发电设备 Download PDF

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CN101072944A
CN101072944A CNA2005800420312A CN200580042031A CN101072944A CN 101072944 A CN101072944 A CN 101072944A CN A2005800420312 A CNA2005800420312 A CN A2005800420312A CN 200580042031 A CN200580042031 A CN 200580042031A CN 101072944 A CN101072944 A CN 101072944A
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巴里·约翰斯通
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Scotland Renewable Energy (ocean Power) Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种发电设备，其适用于从水的运动尤其是潮汐运动获得能量。该设备包括长形的、横截面大致为圆形的浮船(1)，浮船具有从其下侧悬垂的、位于安装装置上的可转动的转子叶片(2)。转子叶片连接至发电装置，因此，在使用该设备时，流过转子叶片的水的运动驱动转子叶片，使得发电装置发电。

Description

水流推动的发电设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从水的运动尤其是潮汐运动或诸如河流的其它水流获得能量的发电设备。本发明特别涉及一种漂浮设备。
背景技术
虽然近年来产生了向例如风能和波浪能的所谓可再生能源发展的趋势，但是风力涡轮机的视觉影响很严重，当然也依赖于有风的天气。波浪发电设备已被证实由于多种原因而难以有效地实施，相当重要的原因是用以抵挡暴风雨时产生的极大的波浪能的设备一般需要巨大的成本。
另一方面，潮汐能基于有保证的能源，即潮汐运动。这些年来，已经提出了大量的潮汐发电设备，其包括例如国际专利公布No.WO88/04632、US 3986787、DE 2648318以及US 3922012。
现有技术的装置通常包括很大的结构，这些结构具有从它们的下侧悬垂的、由流过那里的潮汐流运动驱动的螺旋桨或涡轮。这些设备可以是例如WO 88/04632中描述的漂浮设备或者例如US 3922012中描述的水下(在海底)设备。
发明人所知的所有现有技术的设备都具有一些固有缺陷，包括庞大而又复杂的设计，这些设计使其不适于简单的制造技术，且容易受到损坏，即，它们在海里的抗毁能力很差；以及/或者在没有昂贵的操作或安装设备的情况下难以维护/维修；以及/或者需要用桩支撑在海底。
发明内容
本发明的目的是避免或最小化一个或多个前述的缺点。
本发明提供了一种用于从水的运动尤其是潮汐运动中获得能量的发电设备，其包括长形的、横截面大致为圆形的浮船，所述浮船具有从其下侧悬垂的、位于安装装置上的可转动的转子叶片，转子叶片连接至发电装置，因此，在使用该设备时，流过所述转子叶片的水的运动驱动所述转子叶片，使得所述发电装置发电。
这样，利用根据本发明的发电设备，可以在潮汐位置实现简单而又有效的发电装置。优选地，所述转子叶片通过所述安装装置利用铰链接头连接在所述浮船的龙骨部分上，使其能够从直接位于浮船下方的第一位置或收回位置移动至面对潮汐流方向的第二展开位置。由于转子叶片位于所述收回位置，本发明显著地有利地更易于操作和操纵，因为浮船的细长圆柱形特点使浮船可以“翻转”，从而无需大且贵的驳船/起重机就可以进行转子叶片/发电机设备的维护。而且转子叶片能够收回而直接位于浮船下方的能力意味着整个设备能容易地拖进海港进行上述维护。
浮船大致呈圆柱(横截面)形是本发明的基本特征，这是因为：圆柱形浮船本来就极为坚固且具有结实的结构整体性，因此提高了在不利天气条件下的“抗毁能力”。而且，圆柱形的浮船还意味着最小化了波浪荷载和水阻力(拖拉)。这又提高了抗毁能力。
优选地，设有两个转子叶片，处于所述收回位置或缩进位置的转子叶片设置成平行于浮船的纵向轴线。这种设置进一步方便了设备的操纵，尤其是其方便了拖运。
理想地，在所述展开状态下，所述转子叶片安装成在所述设备漂浮的水体表面附近发生最大潮汐流时尽可能靠近浮船。
由于设备没有被完全浸没，所以应当认为至少其重要部分在海面上是可见的，从而可以被船员看到。理想地，设备可安装警示灯或警示设备以警告船员其存在。
设备设计成自由漂浮装置，因此其不受潮汐的竖直运动影响。
设备设置有诸如系泊装置之类的装置，所述系泊装置形成和设置为将设备固定至海底或其它固定点。理想地，系泊构造，优选为刚臂装置，允许远程“快速”释放和连接。
优选地，浮船理想地在前部和后部设置有压载舱，并且优选地自动压舱系统，其形成和设置成根据潮汐流的强度和与转子叶片的运动相关的力将设备保持为或多或少的水平定向。
优选地，设置有诸如液压千斤顶之类的装置，所述液压千斤顶由恒定加载的液压蓄能器供应能量，所述装置形成和设置为在运输或不利的天气条件或系统故障的情况下将转子叶片从展开的“使用”位置提升至收回的缩进位置。
优选地，所述浮船设置有例如圆锥体/截头圆锥体的鼻部的船头部分，船头部分形成和设置为使水的运动可以绕浮船流过。
附图说明
现在将结合附图说明本发明的优选特征和优点，其中图1、图2a和图2b分别示出根据本发明的发电设备的工作时的透视图和侧视图以及运输时的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1、2a、2b示出了用于从潮汐能中获得能量的设备。该设备包括圆柱形浮艇1，所述浮艇具有从其下侧悬垂的、由转子叶片3驱动的两个对转转子2，转子叶片3通过流过转子叶片3的潮水(未图示)的作用绕转子中心体4转动。
更具体地，圆柱形浮艇1包括中空的主体部分，该主体部分由钢板(或者钢筋混凝土)构成的多腔结构组成，其流线型的前部12和倾斜的后部13结合以形成一个整体。圆柱形浮艇1可包括例如变压器和可能的电力转换设备(未图示)等组件。利用水密的舱口(未图示)可以进入到本体1内部。
水力支撑的龙骨部分8附连至圆柱形浮艇1，如果需要的话，为下部转子臂部6提供可变的纵向定位，所述臂部6支撑水下机舱5、转子中心体4以及转子叶片3。龙骨部分8由用钢适当制成的多腔结构构成。
支撑水下机舱5、转子中心体4以及转子叶片3的下部转子臂部6绕铰接的转子臂接头7转动以允许其在工作模式(图2a)中竖直地锁止在位或者在运输模式(图2b)中沿箭头‘A’方向转动后水平地锁止在位。下部转子臂部6以液压方式(未图示)操作。
支撑转子中心体4和转子叶片3的水下机舱5刚性连接至每个下部转子臂部6。每个转子中心体4上有两个转子叶片3(其可以为固定螺距或可变螺距)。固定螺距叶片可设置在适当的位置，或者可替代地可使用可变螺距系统。可变螺距系统允许自动控制叶片螺距角以优化性能。
有很多可能的方案(未图示)来从转子叶片3提取能量并以驱动发电机所需的适当轴速输送该能量。优选的方案包括在水密的水下机舱5内使用直接驱动的发电机。这样就不需要变速箱，从而减小了转动元件的数量，缩短了能量路径，使得磨损和裂损更少，并使得维护需求更少以及预期寿命更长。另一方案包括使用容纳在水密的水下机舱5中的变速箱和发电机装置。在这两种情况下，电能将随后通过电缆输送至位于圆柱形浮艇1中的变压器，最后输出电缆将沿着系泊刚臂10到达海底并最终到达岸上以连接到电网网络。可替代地，直接驱动的发电机或变速箱和发电机装置可容纳在圆柱形本体1内并通过直接垂向驱动连接至转子中心体4。
也可以使用将能量从转子输送至发电机的其它方法。例如，转子叶片能通过液压传动装置来驱动发电装置，其中所述发电装置优选为位于浮船内。理想地，发电机以及相关的变压器装置、控制系统、液压蓄能器等封闭在圆柱形浮艇1内部。
该系统还可用于生产电能以外的其它有用形式的能量，例如液压能。
使系统可以自由地沿当地潮汐方向偏航的简单的被动系泊构造包括系泊接头11和系泊刚臂10，系泊刚臂10通过系泊臂铰链接头9连接至圆柱形浮艇1。系泊接头11通过一根锚绳(未图示)连接至海底的锚(未图示)。
自动压舱系统(未图示)可安装在前部锥形部分12内。可自动控制该压舱系统以根据潮汐流的强度和转子叶片上相关的力恒定保持设备水平。可以对上述实施方式进行多种其它改型而不偏离本发明的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种发电设备，其适用于从水的运动尤其是潮汐运动获得能量，所述设备包括长形的、横截面大致为圆形的浮船(1)，所述浮船(1)具有从其下侧悬垂的、位于安装装置上的可转动的转子叶片(2)，所述转子叶片连接至发电装置，由此在使用所述设备时，流过所述转子叶片的水的运动驱动所述转子叶片，使得所述发电装置发电。
2.如权利要求1所述的发电设备，其中所述转子叶片(2)通过所述安装装置利用铰链接头(7)连接在所述浮船(1)的龙骨部分(8)上，使其能够从直接位于浮船(1)下方的第一位置或者收回位置移动至面对潮汐流方向的第二展开状态。
3.如权利要求2所述的发电设备，其中包括两个转子叶片(2)，每个转子叶片安装在所述浮船下侧的其自身的安装装置上，在所述收起位置或缩回位置，所述转子叶片平行于所述浮船(1)的纵向轴线布置。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的发电设备，其中在所述收起状态下，所述转子叶片安装为尽量靠近并直接位于所述浮船(1)下方。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的发电设备，其安装有警示灯或警示装置以警告船员该设备的存在。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的发电设备，其设置有系泊装置(10、11)，所述系泊装置形成和设置为将所述设备固定至海底或其它固定点。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的发电设备，其中所述浮船(1)设置有压载舱。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的发电设备，其设置有自动压舱系统，所述自动压舱系统形成和设置为根据潮汐流的强度和与所述转子叶片(2)的运动相关的力将所述设备保持为或多或少的水平定向。
9.如权利要求2至8中任一项所述的发电设备，其设置有提升装置，所述提升装置形成和设置为将所述转子叶片(2)从展开的“使用”位置提升至收回的缩进位置。
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CN104100446A (zh) * 2014-07-08 2014-10-15 嵊泗县陈久海洋生物集养有限公司 一种潮汐能发电装置
CN105587456A (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-05-18 包头市北工机械有限公司 一种水动能发电机组

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CA2589965A1 (en) 2006-06-15
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EP1831544B1 (en) 2011-07-13
CN100476199C (zh) 2009-04-08
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