CN101069658B - 假体关节 - Google Patents

假体关节 Download PDF

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CN101069658B
CN101069658B CN2007101292083A CN200710129208A CN101069658B CN 101069658 B CN101069658 B CN 101069658B CN 2007101292083 A CN2007101292083 A CN 2007101292083A CN 200710129208 A CN200710129208 A CN 200710129208A CN 101069658 B CN101069658 B CN 101069658B
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prosthetic joint
receiving system
locking
pedestal
barrier element
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CN101069658A (zh
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T·贝特尔斯
T·格罗布
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Otto Bock Healthcare GmbH
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Minacon Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54—Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58—Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • A61F2/583—Hands; Wrist joints
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30433—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels, rivets or washers e.g. connecting screws
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5016—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable
    • A61F2002/5018—Prostheses not implantable in the body adjustable for adjusting angular orientation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/5038—Hinged joint, e.g. with transverse axle restricting the movement
    • A61F2002/5043—Hinged joint, e.g. with transverse axle restricting the movement with rotation-limiting stops, e.g. projections or recesses
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2002/5072—Prostheses not implantable in the body having spring elements
    • A61F2002/5073—Helical springs, e.g. having at least one helical spring
    • A61F2002/5075—Multiple spring systems including two or more helical springs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68—Operating or control means
    • A61F2002/6818—Operating or control means for braking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
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    • A61F2002/6854—Operating or control means for locking or unlocking a joint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
    • A61F2002/7875—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump with releasable ratchets or pegs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0041—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels or rivets, e.g. connecting screws

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种假体关节，尤其是用于手假体，该假体关节具有一个基座(2)和一个配置给该基座的用于固定在一个身体部分或一个假体件上的耦合元件(3)以及具有一个与该基座可绕至少一个轴线(24)摆动地相连接的用于假体装置、尤其是人造手的接收装置(4)，其中，一个锁止装置(5，51)使该接收装置(4)相对于该基座(2)锁定。一个阻挡元件(6)被弹性地预压紧在该接收装置(4)上并且对该接收装置加载以保持力。

Description

假体关节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种假体关节，尤其是用于手假体，该假体关节具有一个基座和一个配置给该基座的用于固定在一个身体部分或一个假体件上的耦合元件以及具有一个与该基座可绕至少一个轴线摆动地相连接的用于假体装置、尤其是人造手的接收装置，其中，一个锁止装置使该接收装置相对于该基座锁定。
背景技术
由现有技术公知了一种假体关节，这种假体关节可使两个假体件相对摆动并且可使这些假体件相互闭锁。在此通常涉及简单的单轴的关节，这种关节可在其相应的角位置中、必要时以离散的角步长彼此相对固定，其方式是一个锁止装置使这两个假体件锁定。
但锁止或锁定装置也可在电动驱动的假体装置中设置，尤其是当为了实现节省能量而必须在负荷下将一个假体件保持在固定地调节的位置中时。如果脱开了锁止并且远中假体件处于解锁状态中，则该假体件在重力驱动下向下落。这种落下通常不可控制，尤其是在假体装置不被驱动的情况下。由此在假手的情况下出现这样的问题：人造手在锁止装置解锁之后不受阻尼地向下落。在前臂假体在肘区域中具有假体关节的情况下也可出现同样问题，在脚假体或小腿假体中也类似地呈现这种状况。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种假体关节，该假体关节为穿戴者提供程度提高的舒适性和尽可能自然的假体外观。
根据本发明，该任务通过本发明的假体关节来实现。本发明的有利构型和进一步构型在下述技术方案中说明。
假体关节，尤其是用于手假体，该假体关节具有一个基座和一个配置给基座的用于固定在一个身体部分或一个假体件上的耦合元件以及具有一个与基座可绕至少一个轴线摆动地相连接的用于假体装置、尤其是人造手的接收装置，其中，一个锁止装置使接收装置相对于基座锁定，本发明提出，一个阻挡元件被弹性地预压紧在接收装置上并且对该接收装置加载以保持力。通过该保持力避免承载远中假体件的接收装置直接在锁止装置解锁之后翻下来，在手假体的情况下所述远中假体件是人造手。尤其是在手假体的情况下，进行解锁的手不能用于支撑人造手，因为这只手刚好正在使锁止装置解锁。在其它应用中也可有益的是，假体件不直接在解锁之后被转换得无力，而是通过保持力使该假体件或者保持在这样的位置中，在该位置中进行解锁，或者抵抗重力仅进行缓慢的下降。
阻挡元件的预压紧力优选可这样调节，使得接收装置尤其是与固定在其上的假体装置一起抵抗重力保持在解锁位置中。为此可将保持力调节得至少等于重力，由此至少产生避免绕摆动轴线运动的力平衡。保持力在此优选这样调节，使得刚好仍然保持住假体装置，由此无需大的力投入就可进行接着的期望的调节或摆动。为了可在更换附件或假体装置时匹配保持力，阻挡元件的预压紧力可调节，例如其方式是改变弹簧预压紧力。
本发明的一个进一步构型提出，接收装置具有卡锁元件，阻挡元件配合在这些卡锁元件中，其中，这样构造卡锁元件，使得所述阻挡元件可滑动到所述卡锁元件中以及又从所述卡锁元件中滑动出来。卡锁元件一方面用于调节离散的角度值，另一方面用于减小所需的预压紧力，以便将假体装置与接收装置一起保持在位置中。为此，卡锁元件优选构造成或者轴向上或者径向上定向的凹槽、缺口或突出部。该定向与阻挡元件的取向相关。
在一个优选构型中，阻挡元件构造成弹性带，尤其是构造成圆形软绳，这一方面可使实现简单的制造，另一方面在同时插入及从凹槽或缺口中引出的情况下实现足够大的保持力。
作为对构造成弹性带的构型的替换方案，阻挡元件也可构造成形状稳定的接触件，该接触件靠置在接收装置上并且在朝接收装置的方向上被弹性地支承着。这尤其是当要求高的使用寿命并且随之而来地仅允许少的磨损时是有意义的。在弹性带相对于接收装置相对运动时弹性带相对快速地磨损期间，这通过在中间连接一个被弹性地支承的接触件来避免。接触件可构造成支承销，尤其是构造成钢销并且靠置在接收装置上或配合在凹槽、缺口或突出部中或者贴靠在它们上。原则上也可使用承受弹簧负荷的钢球。
锁止装置可构造成所谓的“双推式元件”(Push-Push-Element)，该双推式元件使接收装置形状锁合地相对于基座锁止。如果锁止装置被操纵一次，则在一个确定的离散的位置中进行形状锁合的锁止。在重新操作锁止装置时撤销所述形状锁合的锁止并且可实现抵抗通过阻挡元件施加的保持力的可运动性。同样提出：锁止装置通过按压来解锁并且通过松开来锁止。于是不需要多次操作。
尤其是在手关节假体中有利的是，锁止装置可相对于摆动轴线平行移动地被支承着，由此可在手关节上或多或少不引人注意地操作。所述操作基本上可与人造手相对于基座的位置不相关，因为人造手根本不防碍可接近性。
附图说明
下面借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细描述。
图1一个假体关节的分解视图；
图2一个平行于摆动轴线的剖面视图；
图3一个垂直于摆动轴线的剖面视图；
图4一个锁止装置的详细视图；
图5一个变型方案的分解视图；以及
图6图5的细节视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了一个假体关节1的分解视图，该假体关节具有一个基座2和一个绕摆动轴线24铰接地固定的接收装置4。接收装置4包括一个扇形齿轮件41，该扇形齿轮件具有两个彼此平行取向的扇形齿轮411。这些扇形齿轮通过一个桥接件彼此相连接。在该桥接件上固定一个板42，在该板上可装配有另一个假体件或者另一个假体装置。例如可在螺纹销45上设置一个未示出的人造手。在平行的扇形齿轮411中开设有轴承孔，轴套43、44例如塑料轴套可插入到这些轴承孔中。
接收装置4这样插入到基座2中，使得轴套43、44与轴承座25、26中的对应的孔对准。接着，轴销21、22拧入到这些孔中。这些轴销21、22构成用于轴承套43、44的滑动面。
在扇形齿轮411中设置有凹槽415和缺口416，它们的功能和作用方式在后面描述。
包围着轴承座25、26设有一个锁止装置5，该锁止装置具有锁止舌51，这些锁止舌具有突出部56，这些突出部在朝扇形齿轮411的凹槽415的方向上伸出。在解锁位置中，锁止舌51中的突出部56与扇形齿轮411脱开配合并且附加地伸入到这两个扇形齿轮411之间的中间空间中，由此，这两个扇形齿轮411中每个都可与锁止装置5或锁止舌51的移动方向无关地与配合在凹槽415中的突出部56形成配合。
在锁止舌51中插入圆柱销52、53，这些圆柱销支撑在压簧54、55上。压簧54、55支承在基座2与耦合装置3之间的支承空间中。在耦合装置3中构造有一些用于阻挡元件6的孔或导向装置，所述阻挡元件在当前情况中是两个弹性的圆形软绳，这些孔或导向装置相对于摆动轴线24基本上平行地定向。阻挡元件6也可构造成闭合的弹性带。在装配好的状态中，阻挡元件6在扇形齿轮411的背离板42的侧上配合在缺口416中并且弹性地支撑在其上。基座2与耦合元件3通过两个螺钉31、32彼此相连接。
图2以剖面视图示出了处于装配好的锁止的状态中的假体关节1。基座2通过螺钉31、32与耦合元件3相连接。扇形齿轮件41与板42螺纹连接和/或粘接。在图2中可看到轴销21、22支承在扇形齿轮411内部的轴承套43、44中。轴销21、22拧入到基座2中。在轴销21、22之间形成一个自由空间，锁止舌51的相应中部的突出部56伸入到该自由空间中。图2中示出了锁止位置，在该锁止位置中突出部56配合在凹槽415中。板42于是不可绕摆动轴线24在受限制的从所示初始位置起大约±60°的角度内自由摆动。
图3中示出了一个垂直于摆动轴线24的剖面并且示出了阻挡元件6配合在缺口416中。阻挡元件6可构造成弹性的棒或构造成圆形软绳。所述阻挡元件6在朝扇形齿轮411的方向上被预压紧，在当前实施例中在径向方向上被预压紧，由此使保持力施加在接收装置4上。该保持力通过构造在扇形齿轮411的下侧上的缺口416放大，由此可用相对小的预压紧力装配阻挡元件6。由于彼此均匀间隔开的缺口416或卡锁缺口，可调节不同的卡锁级——优选以均匀的角距离调节。卡锁缺口416可具有与锁止凹槽415相同的距离并且彼此对准地设置，由此在解锁模式中在接收装置4的每个位置中可通过轴向地插入锁止装置5来进行锁止。
在图3中可看到自由空间52′、53′，处于剖切平面前面的圆柱销52、53可在这些自由空间中运动。圆柱销52、53通过压簧54、55加载以复位力，由此使锁止装置5总是在一个方向上承受弹簧负荷。在初始位置中，锁止装置5处于锁止位置中并且被保持在那里。在锁止位置中通过突出部56配合在锁止凹槽415中来进行接收装置4的形状锁合的固定。如果在锁止装置5上施加抵抗弹簧力的压力，则突出部56从锁止凹槽415中运动出来并且可使接收装置4或固定在其上的人造手绕摆动轴线24摆动。如果松开锁止装置5，则该锁止装置由于压簧54、55的复位力而弹回并且使突出部56又与锁止凹槽415配合。作为替换方案，可设置一个所谓的“双推式元件”，该双推式元件通过两次操作又被置入到初始位置中。
图4示出了一个具有锁止舌51和突出部56的锁止装置5的详细视图。圆柱销52、53可插入到孔57、58中。
作为对弹性的阻挡元件6与扇形齿轮411或接收装置4直接耦合的所述实施形式的替换方案，可在一个弹性元件与扇形齿轮411或缺口416之间设置一个用硬的或抗磨损的材料制成的接触件。由此一方面可使阻挡元件6或接触件的滑过简单并且另一方面可提高假体关节的耐用性。
也可取代径向上作用的保持力而施加一个轴向上作用的保持力，例如其方式是在凹槽中在扇形齿轮411的端面中加工出卡锁凹槽或突出部，这些卡锁凹槽或突出部与阻挡元件形成配合。例如一个承受弹簧负荷的球可配合在对应设置的球缺状的凹槽中。
通过根据本发明的假体关节避免假体装置在解锁后不受控制地落下来，而不会显著影响可调节性。可以提出，卡锁元件设计得可脱开配合，由此对于期望在不施加附加调节力的情况下自动调节的情况也是可以的。原则上也可调节预压紧力并且由此调节保持力，以便可使该预压紧力和该保持力与假体穿戴者的个人意愿和假体装置的必要时变化的事实相适配。
该假体关节或者可直接安置在一个用于固定在身体部分上的固定装置上或者可安置在另一个假体件上、例如前臂假体上。
除了作为假手关节使用之外，也可提出其它关节装置，例如作为膝关节或肘关节。也可在电动驱动的假体中使用，以便降低能量消耗。解锁状态中的保持力于是可选择得这样小，使得驱动装置仅须提供稍微较高的功率。这种额外花费通过放弃电动地保持的假体装置来补偿。驱动装置的控制可通过肌电信号进行。
图5中以分解视图示出了一个假体关节1的变型方案，阻挡元件6在此构造成为钢销，这些钢销通过一个弹性的软绳61或一个弹性元件弹性地预压紧在套筒410上并且对该套筒加载以保持力。套筒410通过螺钉412与扇形齿轮件41相连接并且由此将径向施加的保持力从套筒410传递到接收装置4上。两件式地构造呈钢销6构型的阻挡元件和弹性元件61以便提高保持力和使磨损降低到最小程度。
弹性的软绳61或弹性元件在基座2中支承在凹槽612中——仅示出了这些凹槽中的一个，相应地在基座2的上部分2′中设置有另一个凹槽。
套筒410与阻挡元件6一样用钢制造，以便提供使磨损降低到最小程度的材料配对。作为替换方案，也可直接在扇形齿轮件41上构造缺口416。
图6中以细节视图示出了根据图5的假体关节1，没有示出基座2的上部分2′。在该图中可看出，扇形齿轮件41构造成单件式的并且还构成了用于一个耦合元件的接收装置4，该耦合元件与未示出的人造手耦合。锁止和解锁机构可使得在构造成扇形齿轮件41的接收装置4中人造手的适配器快速且形状锁合地锁止和解锁。接收装置4的抵抗摆动运动的锁止通过构造成接片516的锁止装置来进行，这些锁止装置可抵抗通过弹簧512施加复位力通过销510从预调节好的配合位置中摆动出来。接片516弹性地支承在基座2中。销510靠置在锁止装置5的一个构造成圆锥形的操作面上。在当前情况中构造成按钮的锁止装置5通过一个压簧59保持在初始位置中，在该初始位置中，接片516与锁止凹槽415形成配合。如果按压了钮5，则销510抵抗弹簧力压在接片516上并且使这些接片摆动脱开配合，如果松开了钮5，则进行相反的运动。
为使人造手与接收装置4尽可能快速地锁止和解锁，设置有另一个按钮7，该按钮通过一个穿过套筒410的轴70与一个力传递元件71耦合。该力传递元件71通过销72与一个形状锁合元件73相耦合，该形状锁合元件可移动并且抵抗弹簧力支承在接收装置4中。如果操作了钮7，则形状锁合元件73抵抗弹簧74的力在朝螺纹连接的支座75的方向上移动并且释放在此未示出的人造手。为了锁止人造手，保持按压钮7，由此，接收装置4为插入人造手的适配器做好准备。在插入及松开钮7之后，适配器由于压簧74的复位力而自动地锁止。也提出：将适配器插入到接收装置4中，由此，该适配器自动地使形状锁合元件73移动并且接着形状锁合地保持锁止在接收装置4中。

Claims (11)

1.假体关节，该假体关节具有一个基座(2)和一个配置给该基座的用于固定在一个身体部分或一个假体件上的耦合元件(3)以及具有一个与该基座可绕一个轴线(24)摆动地相连接的用于假体装置的接收装置(4)，其中，一个锁止装置(5，51)使该接收装置(4)相对于该基座(2)锁定，一个阻挡元件(6)被弹性地预压紧在该接收装置(4)上并且在该锁止装置(5，51)解锁后对该接收装置加载以保持力，
其特征在于：该接收装置(4)具有卡锁元件(416)，该阻挡元件(6)配合在这些卡锁元件中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该阻挡元件(6)的预压紧力是这样的，使得该接收装置(4)抵抗重力保持在解锁位置中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的假体关节，其特征在于：这些卡锁元件(416)构造成凹槽、缺口或突出部。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该阻挡元件(6)构造成弹性带。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该阻挡元件(6)是形状稳定的接触件，该接触件靠置在该接收装置(4)上并且在朝该接收装置(4)的方向上被弹性地支承着。
6.根据权利要求5所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该接触件(6)构造成支承销。
7.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该锁止装置(5，51)构造成双推式元件，该双推式元件形状锁合地锁止该接收装置(4)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的假体关节，其特征在于：该锁止装置(5，51)相对于所述轴线(24)能够平行移动地被支承着。
9.根据权利要求1所述的假体关节，其特征在于：所述假体关节用于手假体，所述假体装置是人造手。
10.根据权利要求4所述的假体关节，其特征在于：所述弹性带构造成圆形软绳。
11.根据权利要求6所述的假体关节，其特征在于：所述支承销构造成钢销。
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