CN101069016A - 竖直轴线式涡轮 - Google Patents

竖直轴线式涡轮 Download PDF

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CN101069016A
CN101069016A CNA2005800411633A CN200580041163A CN101069016A CN 101069016 A CN101069016 A CN 101069016A CN A2005800411633 A CNA2005800411633 A CN A2005800411633A CN 200580041163 A CN200580041163 A CN 200580041163A CN 101069016 A CN101069016 A CN 101069016A
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马修·吕蒂
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
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    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
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    • F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
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    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/72—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis parallel to the rotor centre line
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
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    • F05B2260/75—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism not using auxiliary power sources, e.g. servos
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
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    • F05B2260/00—Function
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Abstract

通过特别地参考风力涡轮的实施例，描述了一种具有竖直旋转轴的涡轮。其优点是：不管驱动力如何变化，但确保涡轮仍以大致恒定的速度旋转，并且保证当驱动力过大时不会损坏涡轮。因此，所描述的涡轮包括：多个涡轮叶片(6)，该多个涡轮叶片(6)围绕中心轴线布置，每个涡轮叶片(6)朝着其外周边以可围绕大致平行于中心轴线的轴线枢转的方式安装；和偏压装置(9、10)，该偏压装置(9、10)朝着所述中心轴线偏压涡轮叶片(6)的内部周边。随着涡轮的旋转速度增加，叶片(6)从风中向外摆动出去并且它们的重心移动离开中心轴线，从而趋向于降低旋转速度。

Description

竖直轴线式涡轮
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有竖直旋转轴线的涡轮，并且尤其涉及一种具有内置调速器的风力涡轮。
背景技术
风力涡轮传统地包括径向地围绕轴设置的多个帆或叶片。帆或叶片相对于气流而被适当成形和定位，以便在操作中，由气流冲击涡轮所产生的力使轴旋转。从历史观点上说，该旋转运动用于碾磨玉米或抽水，但现在通常用于发电。
具有竖直轴线的风力涡轮提供相对于具有旋转的水平轴线的风力涡轮的某些优点。例如，叶片水平地延伸，从而减少转子需放置在地面上方的高塔上的需求；轴和叶片的重量能够被均匀地施加到支撑轴的轴承上，从而防止在水平轴承底部处的过度磨损；且在某些实施例中，操作能够与风向无关。
但是，与所有的风力涡轮一样，存在涡轮叶片在大风中被损坏的危险。此外，对于风力涡轮的轴有利的是，不管风的强度如何，风力涡轮以尽可能大致恒定的速度旋转。因此，本发明的目的是提供一种机构，从而保护风力涡轮的叶片免受大风，并且还有助于：不管风的强度如何，仍保持涡轮轴以大致恒定的速度旋转。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供一种涡轮，包括：多个涡轮叶片，该多个涡轮叶片围绕大致竖直的中心轴线布置，使得它们能够一起围绕该中心轴线旋转，每个涡轮叶片具有外缘和内缘，并且以围绕大致平行于中心轴线的轴线枢转的方式靠近外缘安装；和偏压装置，该偏压装置朝着中心轴线偏压每个涡轮叶片，其中：当涡轮叶片位于流体流中时，它们一起围绕中心轴线旋转，并且随着它们的旋转速度增加时，它们克服该偏压装置的偏压围绕它们的支架枢转进入绕所述中心轴线更周向的取向；并且该偏压装置还包括：质量，该质量大致位于所述中心轴线上且相对于该中心轴线可轴向运动，该质量靠近每个涡轮叶片的内缘与该涡轮叶片连接，其中随着涡轮旋转速度增加并且涡轮叶片围绕它们的支架枢转时，该质量沿着所述中心轴线被升高。
优选地，由于当涡轮叶片围绕它们的支架枢转时涡轮叶片的重心移动离开旋转轴线，转速减小。优选地，由于当涡轮叶片围绕它们的支架枢转时涡轮叶片移出所述流体流，转速减小。
优选地，涡轮还包括沿着所述中心轴线定位的轴。优选地，质量以围绕所述主轴定位的轴环为形式。
优选地，涡轮还包括从所述中心轴线跨越的叶片框架，涡轮叶片被安装在该叶片框架上。优选地，每个涡轮叶片包括具有曲线轮廓的大致矩形片。优选地，每个涡轮叶片具有变粗糙的或涂有粗糙材料的凹面。优选地，每个涡轮叶片具有朝着其内缘设置的附加质量。
优选地，涡轮是风力的。优选地，涡轮被用来发电。
附图说明
现在将参考附图描述本发明的特定实施例，其中：
图1是为清楚起见的最靠近观察者的叶片被去掉之后的涡轮的概略侧视图；
图2是涡轮的概略顶视图；
图3是当涡轮高速旋转时对应于图1的概略视图；并且
图4是当涡轮高速旋转时对应于图2的概略视图。
具体实施方式
如图所示，涡轮的实施例包括通过主轴承2而由框架1支撑的竖直主轴8。该主轴8可围绕其轴线旋转。包括金属环的下叶片支撑件11A通过一对旋臂而连接到主轴8，而类似的上叶片支撑件11B较高地连接到主轴8。有多个涡轮叶片6设置于下叶片支撑件11A和上叶片支撑件11B之间。所示的实施例具有六个涡轮叶片6，但根据设计选择，可使用任何数量的叶片6。每个叶片包括具有曲线轮廓的大致矩形金属板。每个叶片朝着其外周以可枢转的方式安装在朝着下叶片支撑件11A的外周定位的轴承12中，并且由上叶片支撑件11B中对应的轴承12支撑在大致竖直的位置。因此，每个叶片6被铰接，并且能够围绕其支架在大致围绕以主轴8为中心的圆的取向和与主轴8大致成径向的取向之间枢转。每个涡轮叶片6具有以沿着每个涡轮叶片的内缘设置的竖直支柱7为形式的加强件。竖直支柱7的质量用于朝着涡轮的中心定位每个涡轮叶片6的重心。
涡轮叶片6借助于质量9而被朝着大致径向取向偏置，该质量9以围绕竖直轴8的轴环为形式。质量9自由地沿着竖直轴8的轴线移动。每个涡轮叶片6通过连接件10而联接到质量9，其中该连接件10被朝着涡轮叶片6内周边连接。在每个连接件10的每个端部处都设有接头，以提供两个自由度，以便使质量9能够沿着竖直轴8的轴线的运动、和叶片围绕竖直轴8从大致周向的取向到大致径向的取向的连接的运动。连接件10可以具有固定的长度并且可包括调节装置，该调节装置用于在使用之前适当地调节连接件10的长度。或者，连接件10可以为强力弹簧形式。
涡轮通过齿轮装置4而连接到发电机/交流发电机3，用以发电。
本领域的技术人员将迅速地想到落在本发明范围内的许多可选装置。主轴8的中心部分可省略，使得在下框架支撑11A和上框架支撑11B由涡轮叶片6保持分开的情况下，涡轮在框架1之间保持在一起。在轴承允许叶片支撑件围绕轴8旋转的情况下，主轴8可被刚性地固定到框架1。支柱可朝着框架支撑件的外周设置在框架支撑件之间，并刚性地固定到框架支撑件，且该涡轮叶片6通过传统的铰链而连接到支柱。所描述的实施例的涡轮叶片6具有较浅的“C”形轮廓，但可以使用适合于只从一个方向捕获风的“S”形轮廓或任何其它轮廓。也可以使用具有平坦轮廓的涡轮叶片6，优选地结合合适的罩以只将风引导指向叶片6的一侧。涡轮叶片6的凹面可以变得粗糙或涂有粗糙材料以帮助捕获风。
在没有中心轴8的情况下，质量9不再需要以轴环为形状，但是认为沿着涡轮的中心轴线引导质量9的运动是有利的。
涡轮具有除发电以外的用途，但这里提供了用于电力传输的方便装置。例如，涡轮可用于直接驱动机械机器。
在一个实施例中，涡轮可包括制动系统(未示出)，以当需要时降低或停止涡轮的旋转。这可以采用围绕主轴8设置的传统碟刹形式。
使用中，涡轮处于流体流优选空气流或风中。涡轮叶片6具有优选的形状，使得风向无关紧要。冲击叶片凹面的风将在涡轮叶片上产生力，该力趋向于沿风流动的方向推动叶片。冲击在涡轮的相对侧涡轮叶片6的凸面的风将产生类似的但较小的力。结果将是，涡轮围绕其中心轴线旋转。例如，图2和4所示的涡轮将沿逆时针方向旋转。显然，如果主要风向是已知的，则能够设置适当的罩(未示出)以增强风冲击涡轮的凹面并减少风冲击凸面。
当涡轮旋转时，由于作用在涡轮叶片上的离心力，所以涡轮叶片倾向于向外自转，并将质量9向主轴8上方升高。该结构在图3和4中示出。涡轮叶片6的运动具有两个重要效果。随着涡轮叶片6的质量向外移动，涡轮的旋转速度将倾向于降低，该降低的方式与发动机上的调速器保持发动机速度、或当自转的溜冰者随着她重心径向向外移动时减速的方式一样。其次，随着叶片移动到更周向的定位时，它们捕获较少的风，从而减少了由风提供给它们的加速力。在极端情况下，涡轮叶片6移动到完全没有风的周向取向，从而保护涡轮免受大风或突然阵风。质量9越重，则涡轮自转将越快，并且使涡轮叶片6移出风所需的阵风越大。
虽然参考风力涡轮描述了本发明，但在此描述的原理能够关于由其它流体运转的涡轮使用，尤其是水力涡轮。
本领域的技术人员将想到上述本发明的许多可选实施例。本发明包括落入所附权利要求范围内的所有替换物。

Claims (12)

1.一种涡轮，包括：
多个涡轮叶片(6)，该多个涡轮叶片(6)围绕大致竖直的中心轴线布置，使得它们能够一起围绕该中心轴线旋转，每个涡轮叶片(6)具有外缘和内缘，并且以围绕大致平行于所述中心轴线的轴线枢转的方式靠近所述外缘安装，和
偏压装置(9、10)，该偏压装置朝着所述中心轴线偏压每个涡轮叶片(6)的内缘，其中：
当所述涡轮叶片(6)处于流体流中时，它们围绕中心轴线一起旋转，随着它们的旋转速度增加时，它们克服所述偏压装置的偏压围绕它们的支架(12)枢转进入绕所述中心轴线更周向的取向；并且
所述偏压装置(9、10)还包括：
质量(9)，该质量大致位于所述中心轴线上且相对于该中心轴线可轴向运动，并且该质量靠近每个涡轮叶片(6)的内缘与该涡轮叶片(6)连接，其中随着所述涡轮的旋转速度增加并且涡轮叶片(6)围绕它们的支架(12)枢转时，所述质量(9)沿着所述中心轴线被升高。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡轮，其中由于当所述涡轮叶片(6)围绕它们的支架(12)枢转时所述涡轮叶片(6)的重心移动离开旋转轴线，旋转速度减小。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的涡轮，其中由于当所述涡轮叶片(6)围绕它们的支架(12)枢转时所述涡轮叶片(6)移出所述流体流，旋转速度减小。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的涡轮，还包括沿着所述中心轴线定位的轴(8)。
5.如权利要求4所述的涡轮，其中所述质量(9)以围绕所述主轴(8)定位的轴环为形式。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涡轮，还包括从所述中心轴线跨越的叶片框架(11A、11B)，所述涡轮叶片(6)被安装在该叶片框架(11A、11B)上。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的涡轮，其中每个涡轮叶片(6)包括具有曲线轮廓的大致矩形片。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的涡轮，其中每个涡轮叶片(6)具有变粗糙的或涂有粗糙材料的凹面。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的涡轮，其中每个涡轮叶片(6)具有朝着其内缘设置的附加质量(5)。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的涡轮，其中所述流体流是风。
11.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的涡轮，还包括发电机，用以当由所述涡轮叶片驱动时发电。
12.一种风动发电机，包括如权利要求1至9中任一项的涡轮。
CNA2005800411633A 2004-11-24 2005-11-23 竖直轴线式涡轮 Pending CN101069016A (zh)

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AU2005308549A1 (en) 2006-06-01
GB0425827D0 (en) 2004-12-29
NZ555936A (en) 2010-12-24
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GB2420597B (en) 2006-11-15
GB2420597A (en) 2006-05-31
JP2008520896A (ja) 2008-06-19
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US20080260532A1 (en) 2008-10-23
ATE433541T1 (de) 2009-06-15

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