US755497A - Windmill. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAR. 22, 1904.

B; s. HYATT. WINDMILL.

APPLIGATIION FILED NOV. 30, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 N0 MODEL.

Nb. 755,497. PATBNTED MAR. 22, 1.904. "B. s. HYATT. WINDMILL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 30, 1903. N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETSSHEET z.

flew 3% A UNITED STATES Patented Harcl- 22, 1904.

PATENT OFFIC WINDMILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,497, dated March 22, 1904.

Application filed November 30, 1903. Serial No. 183,280. (No model.)

1'0 at wltom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMAN S. HYATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vinita, Cherokee Nation, Indian Territory, have invented a new and useful Windmill, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in windmills, and particularly to windmills wherein the vane-carrying arms are disposed in a horizontal plane and the movement imparted to the arms will be continuous with-' out regard to any change in the direction of the wind; and in this connection a further object of the invention is to provide a windmill which needs no adjustment whatever when the wind changes its course.

A further object of the invention is to construct a windmill in which the mill is to a certain extent self-adjusting in that the blades may be opened out under the influence of centrifugal force should the speed become excessive, and thus automatically adjust the speed of rotation by reducing the area presented to the pressure of the wind. I

A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel form of horizontal windmill in which provision is made for adjusting the angular position of the blades in accordance with the force of the wind, and, further, to so arrange such adjusting mechanism as to permit of the movement of all of the vanes to inoperative position when it is desired to stop the operation of the mill, and, further, to provide means for locking all of the vanes in inoperative position, as may be desirable in order to prevent damage to the mill during a storm.

With these and other objects in view, as will hereinafter more fully appear, the invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that various changes in the form, proportions, size, and minor details of the structure may be made without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View of a windmill constructed in accordance with the invention. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are cross-sectional views through one of the vane-carrying arms, illustrating the diflerent positions to which the frames and vanes may be adjusted.

Similarnumerals of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

In the drawings, 1 indicates an open-work tower, which may be of any desired constructionand height. The tower is provided with bearings for the reception and support of a vertically-disposed shaft 2, to the upper end of which are secured a number of radiating arms 3, there being any desired number of arms, and these being disposed, if necessary, in sets one above the other when it is desired to increase the tower.

Near the outer end of each of the arms 3 is mounted an open frame 4, preferably rectangular in its general outline and provided with eyes 6 and 7, which serve as pivots to connect the frames to the arms, and independent longitudinal movement of the frames is prevented by means of suitable collars 8. Each of these frames carries a vane 9, which may be formed of sheet metal or other material, and each vane is pivoted to the outer bore of its carryingframe and is free to swing outwardly thereon under the influence of the wind-pressure until a stop 10, carried by the blade, comes into engagement with the carrying-arm and limits outward movement. In the present instance, where four blades are used, two of the blades will be held close against their carrying-frames by the wind-pressure, while the remaining two will be maintained in open position in order to offer but little resistance to the passage of the inoperative vanes and arms to the air. The vanes remain open until they point to the eye of the wind and will then close, and if the vanes are arranged at an angle to the direction of flow of the wind they will be fully closed and the pressure of the Wind thereon utilized to any desired extent.

In order to accomplish the best results, it is desirable that the blades be adjustable at varying angles in accordance with the pressure of the wind and the amount of work to be accomplished. For this purpose the eyes 6 7 constitute connections which permit of swinging of the frames on their respective carryingarms, so that the blades may berocked to assume a horizontal position or may be swung around to an approximately vertical position to receive in the latter case the full force of the wind, and further adjustment may be made to lock the blades in any angular position be tween the horizontal and vertical planes in order to lessen the effective pressure of the wind on the vanes.

, The vane-shaft is provided with a verticallyslidable collar 20, having a groove 21 for the reception of a ring 22, carried by the bifurcated end of a lever 23, that is fulcrumed, and a link 24, carried by the tower. The outer end of the lever is connected by a link 25 to a manually-adjustable lever 26,and thelatter when arranged within convenient reach of the ground is held in any position to which it may beadjusted by means of a spring-pressed lockingbar 28, having notches for the reception of a stud or studs 29, thus affording the simple and eflicient mechanism by which the blades may belocked in any angular position to which they may be adjusted.

On the radial vane-supporting arms are mounted collars 83, each arm carrying a pair of collars and the collars of each pair being connected by a rigid arm 3&. Over the outermost collar of each pair extends a radial arm 36 to one side of the adjacent vane-carrying frame, so that when the collars are turned the movement will be transmitted to the frames and serve to adjust the angular positions thereof. The inner collars of each arm are provided with rocker-arms 37, that are connected by links 38 to the adjustable collar of the main shaft, and as said collar is raised or lowered by the manually-adjustable lever the vanes may be adjusted to any desired position.

When the windmill is not in operation, it is desirable to lock the armsto the frames in order to prevent accidental injury thereto, as from storms, and for this purpose each of the blades is provided with a projecting lockingpin 40, adapted to engage a catch 41, carried by the adjacent radial arm. These catches are in the nature of self-closing spring-catches, and as the vanes and their carrying-frames are adjusted to horizontal position the pins will engage the catches and automatically lock the same in inoperative position.

During operation of the windmill under ordinary conditions one half of the blades will be operative and the other half inoperative, the vanes moving freely outward as they come up to the wind, while the opposite half of the vanes is acted upon by the wind and held against the frames, so that the wind-pressure exerted on the vanes will be transmitted through the frames and radial arms to the main shaft.

Should the windmill rotate too rapidly, which may at times occur under the influence of certain-gusts of wind, the blades may move outward under the influence of centrifugal force, and thus by offering little or no resistance to the air effecting immediate reduction in the power and rapidity of rotation of the arms.

It will of course be understood that the number of arms and vanes may be increased to any desired extent and that each arm may be provided with more than one vane, if necessary.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is- 1. In a Windmill, a plurality of horizontallydisposed radial arms, a shaft to which the arms are connected, open frames carried by the arms and adjustable to varying angular positions, and vanes having vertical pivots formed by the outer bars of said frames and movable to inoperative positions under the influence of centrifugal force.

2. In a windmill, a plurality of horizontallydisposed radial arms, a shaft to which the arms are connected, an approximately rectangular frame mounted on each arm and adjustable to varying angular positions, a vane pivoted to the outer bar of each frame, and a stop carried by the vane and adapted to engage against the frame-carrying arm in any position of adjustment of said frame.

3. In a windmill, aplurality of horizontallydisposed arms, a shaft to which the arms are connected, an approximately rectangular frame mounted on each arm and adjustable to varying angular positions, and a vane having vertical pivots formed by the outer bar of said frame, the pivotal connection being at the extreme outer edge of the vane.

4:. In awindmill, a vertical shaft, a plurality of radially disposed arms carried thereby, vane-carrying frames pivotally mounted on said arms, vanes carried by said frames, means for moving said frames to a horizontal position, catches secured to the arms and catchengaging'means carried by the vanes and serving by interlocking with the catches to hold both the vanes and arms in position.

5. In a windmill, a vertical shaft, a plurality of radially-disposed arms carried thereby,

vane-carrying frames pivotally mounted on the arms, collars connected in pairs and arranged on the arms, means for connecting one collar of each pair to one of the frames, a vertically-movable collar on the shaft, rods connecting the collar to the second collar of each pair, means for adjusting the vertically-movable collar, and a locking means for holding the same in adjusted position.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aflixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

BENJAMAN S. HYATT.

Witnesses:

DOUGLAS W. Moon, JOHN F. Mom).

Images