CN1010557B - 流化床反应器 - Google Patents

流化床反应器

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Publication number
CN1010557B
CN1010557B CN87103282A CN87103282A CN1010557B CN 1010557 B CN1010557 B CN 1010557B CN 87103282 A CN87103282 A CN 87103282A CN 87103282 A CN87103282 A CN 87103282A CN 1010557 B CN1010557 B CN 1010557B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
bed reactor
partition
fluidized
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN87103282A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN87103282A (zh
Inventor
福克·恩格斯特龙
朱安尼·艾萨克森
赖齐·凯瓦莱南
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ahlstrom Corp
Original Assignee
Ahlstrom Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ahlstrom Corp filed Critical Ahlstrom Corp
Publication of CN87103282A publication Critical patent/CN87103282A/zh
Publication of CN1010557B publication Critical patent/CN1010557B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/101—Entrained or fast fluidised bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

流化床反应器1，该反应器包括一个设有气体分配盘5的反应室4，用分配盘5输入第一气体，而所述分配盘的上部空间，用设有放气口9的间壁7分隔成小室6，第二气体通过放气口9输入循环床。

Description

本发明涉及流化床反应器，此反应器包括一个设有气体分配盘的反应室，第一气体由此分配盘输入反应室，以及第二气体导入所述分配盘上部空间的装置。
由于流化床反应器能够使气体和欲处理的物料之间有效地接触、反应速度高、温度均衡，以及工艺可控性良好，所以目前常将流化床用作许多不同的用途，例如用于燃烧、气化及化学和冶金工艺过程等。但是反应器越大就越会带来更多的工艺条件的稳定性及控制变化的工艺条件等问题。因此大反应器常采用美国专利4，184，455号所叙述的结构，利用管式壁将燃烧室分成并排操作的小室，每一个小室都装有自己的燃料和空气供应系统。在此种反应器中，除了第一气体从气体分配盘输入之外，将第二气体输到该分配盘的上部空间，所述操作主要是通过燃烧室周围的开口来进行。在燃烧室壁与中心之间的距离较大的大反应器中，第二气体很难均匀地分布在整个横截面上。在大于50-100MWe′的循环流化床反应器中，第二气体也如上所述不能均匀地在反应器的整个底部进行分布。
解决上述问题的建议之一是采用芬兰专利申请833171中所介绍的用于在流化床中处理燃料的方法和设备，在该方法中，第一气体从构成格栅的管底洞口输入，而第二气体则由穿过格栅的导管输入。所述导管的终端设在所述格栅上面的开口处。但是如果格栅较大，则流化空气与第二气流的均匀分布，就需要“过大的”压差。
芬兰专利申请850708中介绍了一种蒸汽锅炉，其中利用间壁将固定的流化床分隔成小室。用一种未公开的方式，将第二气流的供应安排在小室的上方。
本发明的目的是提供一种解决措施，借助这种措施，可使按循环床的原理操作的大流化床反应器中的第二气体，在反应器的不同高度输入，并且以所要求的方式分布在反应器的横截面上，
本发明的设备的特点是，利用装有作为提供第二气体的放气口的间壁，将反应室的气体分配盘上部空间分隔成小室。
本设备的结构简单，而且可带来如下的一些优点：
-更有效地喷射，因此使第二气流混合得更好，导致更完全的燃烧和更有效地脱硫;
-由于第二气流更均匀地分布，显著地提高了NOX的还原作用;
-分配盘上面的压差更均衡，使流化更均匀。
下文将参照附图，用实施例进一步说明本发明，其中：
图1是本发明设备的纵截面图;
图2是图1中沿A-A线的截面放大示意图。
循环流化床反应器1通过设在反应器1底部的气室或气箱2的进口3接受第一气体，例如空气。然后通过位于反应室4与气箱2之间的气体分配盘5，将空气导入反应室4底部。在反应室4的底部和分配盘5的顶部设有间壁7，此间壁将该分配盘5上面的空间分成小室6，而间壁7有通向放气口9的导管，以便供应第二气体，如空气。间壁7的高度可伸出分配盘5表面0.5至4米，最好为1.5至2.5米。第二气体不仅从间壁7中的开口9输入反应室4，而且还从燃烧室围墙的开口10输入。按不同的高度例如0.6米和2米将间壁7中的开口配置成排或成行。可以为位于间壁7中不同高度的开口9连接不同的导管8，并为导管8连接不同的供气源，使第二气体在反应器内垂直方向的气体分布令人满意。此外，亦可以为第二气体放气口9和 10，以及每一个小室的气箱2连接它们自己的空气供应系统，以便可以分别控制供向不同小室的空气。
将燃料输入反应器内间壁7上部的空间，而在气体分离器13内，从烟道气中分离出来的固体，经由反应器壁的开口11和12返回反应器内。
本发明不受本实例中所叙述的具体方案的任何限制，但在不远离下列权利要求所要求的本发明的原理和范围的情况下，可能有不同的改进和应用。

Claims (4)

1、流化床反应器，包括一个设有气体分配盘的反应室，第一气体由此分配盘输入反应室，以及将第二气体导入所述分配盘上部空间的装置，其特征在于利用装有作为提供第二气体的放气口9的间壁7，将反应室4的气体分配盘5上部的空间分隔成小室6。
2、根据权利要求1的流化床反应器，其特征在于小室6之间的间壁7的高度可伸出气体分配盘5表面0.6至4米，最好为1.5至2.5米。
3、根据权利要求1或2的流化床反应器，其特征在于间壁7的放气口9以不同的高度设置。
4、根据权利要求1，2或3中任意一项的流化床反应器，其特征在于放气口9和10连接不同的空气供应系统，可以分别控制供向不同小室的空气。
CN87103282A 1986-04-30 1987-04-30 流化床反应器 Expired CN1010557B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI861806 1986-04-30
FI861806A FI84855C (fi) 1986-04-30 1986-04-30 Virvelbaeddsreaktor.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87103282A CN87103282A (zh) 1987-11-18
CN1010557B true CN1010557B (zh) 1990-11-28

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CN87103282A Expired CN1010557B (zh) 1986-04-30 1987-04-30 流化床反应器

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US4753177A (zh)
EP (1) EP0298086B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH01502356A (zh)
KR (1) KR960005759B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1010557B (zh)
BR (1) BR8707679A (zh)
CA (1) CA1272870A (zh)
FI (1) FI84855C (zh)
IN (1) IN169408B (zh)
SU (1) SU1618287A3 (zh)
WO (1) WO1987006678A1 (zh)

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CN1094783C (zh) * 1995-11-15 2002-11-27 株式会社荏原制作所 流化床反应器

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CN102901090B (zh) * 2011-07-26 2015-02-11 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 具有多个旋风分离器的大型循环流化床锅炉
CN102997231B (zh) 2012-12-31 2015-06-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 大型循环流化床锅炉、布风装置和布风装置组件
CN103423738B (zh) * 2013-07-01 2016-05-04 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 一种燃用高钠煤的紧凑型循环流化床锅炉
CN105444161B (zh) * 2016-01-26 2017-07-07 哈尔滨红光锅炉总厂有限责任公司 环保节能型循环流化床锅炉
CN106010665B (zh) * 2016-07-21 2019-04-05 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种流化床煤气化装置及方法
RU2727817C1 (ru) * 2017-04-28 2020-07-24 СУМИТОМО ЭсЭйчАй ФВ ЭНЕРДЖИА ОЙ Головка сопла псевдоожижающего газа и реактор с псевдоожиженным слоем со множеством головок сопла псевдоожижающего газа
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8707679A (pt) 1989-08-15
JPH0515923B2 (zh) 1993-03-03
EP0298086A1 (en) 1989-01-11
CN87103282A (zh) 1987-11-18
KR960005759B1 (ko) 1996-05-01
FI861806A0 (fi) 1986-04-30
FI84855C (fi) 1992-01-27
FI861806A (fi) 1987-10-31
SU1618287A3 (ru) 1990-12-30
US4753177A (en) 1988-06-28
IN169408B (zh) 1991-10-12
JPH01502356A (ja) 1989-08-17
FI84855B (fi) 1991-10-15
EP0298086B1 (en) 1991-03-20
WO1987006678A1 (en) 1987-11-05
CA1272870A (en) 1990-08-21
KR880701352A (ko) 1988-07-26
US4864944A (en) 1989-09-12

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